*** CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION ***
RTECS NUMBER : FM8750000
CHEMICAL NAME : Chloral hydrate
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER : 302-17-0
BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. : 1698497
REFERENCE : 4-01-00-03143 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
LAST UPDATED : 199801
DATA ITEMS CITED : 81
MOLECULAR FORMULA : C2-H3-Cl3-O2
MOLECULAR WEIGHT : 165.40
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION : QYQXGGG
COMPOUND DESCRIPTOR : Tumorigen
Drug
Mutagen
Reproductive Effector
Human
SYNONYMS/TRADE NAMES :
* Aquachloral
* Bi 3411
* Chloraldurat
* Dormal
* 1,1-Ethanediol, 2,2,2-trichloro-
* Felsules
* Hydral
* Hydrate de chloral
* Kessodrate
* Lorinal
* Noctec
* Nycoton
* Nycton
* Phaldrone
* Rectules
* SK-Chloral hydrate
* Somni SED
* Somnos
* Sontec
* Tosyl
* Trawotox
* Trichloracetaldehyd-hydrat
* Trichloroacetaldehyde hydrate
* Trichloroacetaldehyde monohydrate
* 1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2-dihydroxyethane
* 1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2-ethanediol
* 2,2,2-Trichloro-1,1-ethanediol
*** HEALTH HAZARD DATA ***
** ACUTE TOXICITY DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - man
DOSE/DURATION : 1 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - coma
Cardiac - pulse rate increase, without fall in BP
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - cyanosis
REFERENCE :
JTCTDW Journal of Toxicology, Clinical Toxicology. (Marcel Dekker, 270
Madison Ave., New York, NY 10016) V.19- 1982- Volume(issue)/page/year:
34,97,1996
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - child
DOSE/DURATION : 219 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Cardiac - arrhythmias (including changes in conduction)
REFERENCE :
JTCTDW Journal of Toxicology, Clinical Toxicology. (Marcel Dekker, 270
Madison Ave., New York, NY 10016) V.19- 1982- Volume(issue)/page/year:
34,101,1996
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - woman
DOSE/DURATION : 960 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity)
Behavioral - hallucinations, distorted perceptions
Cardiac - pulse rate increase, without fall in BP
REFERENCE :
JTCTDW Journal of Toxicology, Clinical Toxicology. (Marcel Dekker, 270
Madison Ave., New York, NY 10016) V.19- 1982- Volume(issue)/page/year:
34,101,1996
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - woman
DOSE/DURATION : 465 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - effect, not otherwise specified
Behavioral - coma
Vascular - BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section
REFERENCE :
AMSVAZ Acta Medica Scandinavica. (Almqvist & Wiksell, POB 45150, S-10430
Stockholm, Sweden) V.52-224, 1919-88. Volume(issue)/page/year: 223,269,1988
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human
DOSE/DURATION : 4 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - miosis (pupillary constriction)
Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting
REFERENCE :
PHBTH* "Pharmacology: Basis of Therapy," 3rd ed., Goodman, L.S., ed., New
York, Macmillan Pub. Co., 1967 Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,132,1967
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human
DOSE/DURATION : 300 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - general anesthetic
Cardiac - arrhythmias (including changes in conduction)
Vascular - BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section
REFERENCE :
BMJOAE British Medical Journal. (British Medical Assoc., BMA House,
Tavistock Sq., London WC1H 9JR, UK) V.1- 1857- Volume(issue)/page/year:
2,994,1977
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - child
DOSE/DURATION : 39 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity)
Skin and Appendages - dermatitis, other (after systemic exposure)
REFERENCE :
JTCTDW Journal of Toxicology, Clinical Toxicology. (Marcel Dekker, 270
Madison Ave., New York, NY 10016) V.19- 1982- Volume(issue)/page/year:
34,101,1996
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - child
DOSE/DURATION : 88 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity)
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - cyanosis
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory depression
REFERENCE :
JTCTDW Journal of Toxicology, Clinical Toxicology. (Marcel Dekker, 270
Madison Ave., New York, NY 10016) V.19- 1982- Volume(issue)/page/year:
34,101,1996
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Unreported
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - child
DOSE/DURATION : 48 mg/kg/6H-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Cardiac - pulse rate increase, without fall in BP
REFERENCE :
AACRAT Anesthesia and Analgesia (New York). (Elsevier Science Pub. Co.,
Inc., 52 Vanderbilt Ave., New York, NY 10017) V.36- 1957-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 65,691,1986
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Unreported
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - man
DOSE/DURATION : 103 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
85DCAI "Poisoning; Toxicology, Symptoms, Treatments," 2nd ed., Arena, J.M.,
Springfield, IL, C.C. Thomas, 1970 Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,73,1970
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Unreported
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - infant
DOSE/DURATION : 160 mg/kg/3D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Cardiac - arrhythmias (including changes in conduction)
REFERENCE :
AACRAT Anesthesia and Analgesia (New York). (Elsevier Science Pub. Co.,
Inc., 52 Vanderbilt Ave., New York, NY 10017) V.36- 1957-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 65,691,1986
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Rectal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - child
DOSE/DURATION : 97 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Cardiac - pulse rate increase, without fall in BP
REFERENCE :
AACRAT Anesthesia and Analgesia (New York). (Elsevier Science Pub. Co.,
Inc., 52 Vanderbilt Ave., New York, NY 10017) V.36- 1957-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 65,691,1986
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 479 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year:
18,185,1971
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 3030 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
85JFAN "Agrochemicals Handbook," with updates, Hartley, D., and H. Kidd,
eds., Nottingham, Royal Soc. of Chemistry, 1983-86 Volume(issue)/page/year:
A065,1984
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 472 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity)
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes
REFERENCE :
JAPMA8 Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association, Scientific
Edition. (Washington, DC) V.29-49, 1940-60. For publisher information, see
JPMSAE. Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,100,1952
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Parenteral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 710 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
NIIRDN Drugs in Japan (Ethical Drugs). (Yakugyo Jiho Co., Ltd., Tokyo,
Japan) Volume(issue)/page/year: 6,784,1982
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Unreported
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 725 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity)
Behavioral - excitement
Behavioral - ataxia
REFERENCE :
GISAAA Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. (V/O
Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 1936-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 35(3),14,1970
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Rectal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 710 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
NIIRDN Drugs in Japan (Ethical Drugs). (Yakugyo Jiho Co., Ltd., Tokyo,
Japan) Volume(issue)/page/year: -,1114,1990
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 1100 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
JPETAB Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. (Williams &
Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1909/10-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 106,444,1952
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 580 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity)
REFERENCE :
ARZNAD Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. (Editio Cantor Verlag,
Postfach 1255, W-7960 Aulendorf, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1- 1951-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 10,665,1960
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 800 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - general anesthetic
Behavioral - excitement
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes
REFERENCE :
AEPPAE Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und
Pharmakologie. (Berlin, Ger.) V.110-253, 1925-66. For publisher
information, see NSAPCC. Volume(issue)/page/year: 166,437,1932
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 530 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
APFRAD Annales Pharmaceutiques Francaises. (SPPIF, B.P.22, F-41353 Vineuil,
France) V.1- 1943- Volume(issue)/page/year: 38,65,1980
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Unreported
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 850 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity)
Behavioral - excitement
Behavioral - ataxia
REFERENCE :
GISAAA Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. (V/O
Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 1936-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 35(3),14,1970
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION : 1 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - sleep
REFERENCE :
JPETAB Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. (Williams &
Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1909/10-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 78,340,1943
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION : 180 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - general anesthetic
REFERENCE :
BDHU** "Nachprufung der Toxicitat von Novocain und Tutocain bei
Chloralisierten Tieren, Dissertation," Barke, A., Pharmakologischen Institut
der Tierarztlichen Hochschule zu Hannover, Fed. Rep. Ger., 1936
Volume(issue)/page/year: -,-,1936
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - cat
DOSE/DURATION : 400 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - sleep
REFERENCE :
JPETAB Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. (Williams &
Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1909/10-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 78,340,1943
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION : 1200 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - general anesthetic
REFERENCE :
AEPPAE Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und
Pharmakologie. (Berlin, Ger.) V.110-253, 1925-66. For publisher
information, see NSAPCC. Volume(issue)/page/year: 132,214,1928
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION : 1 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - general anesthetic
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes
REFERENCE :
ZEPTAT Zeitschrift fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Therapie. (Berlin,
Ger.) V.1-22, 1905-21. For publisher information, see REXMAS.
Volume(issue)/page/year: 18,61,1916
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION : 400 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
JPETAB Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. (Williams &
Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1909/10-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 63,453,1938
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Unreported
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION : 1400 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity)
Behavioral - excitement
Behavioral - ataxia
REFERENCE :
GISAAA Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. (V/O
Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 1936-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 35(3),14,1970
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Rectal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION : 1 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - general anesthetic
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes
REFERENCE :
AEPPAE Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und
Pharmakologie. (Berlin, Ger.) V.110-253, 1925-66. For publisher
information, see NSAPCC. Volume(issue)/page/year: 132,214,1928
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION : 400 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
AEPPAE Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und
Pharmakologie. (Berlin, Ger.) V.110-253, 1925-66. For publisher
information, see NSAPCC. Volume(issue)/page/year: 131,171,1928
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Unreported
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION : 940 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity)
Behavioral - excitement
Behavioral - ataxia
REFERENCE :
GISAAA Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. (V/O
Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 1936-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 35(3),14,1970
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraarterial
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION : 400 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
AEPPAE Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und
Pharmakologie. (Berlin, Ger.) V.110-253, 1925-66. For publisher
information, see NSAPCC. Volume(issue)/page/year: 131,171,1928
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Bird - pigeon
DOSE/DURATION : 300 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
HBAMAK "Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." (Leipzig,
Ger. Dem. Rep.) Volume(issue)/page/year: 4,1289,1935
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Amphibian - frog
DOSE/DURATION : 938 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
AIPTAK Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie. (Heymans
Institute of Pharmacology, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium) V.4-
1898- Volume(issue)/page/year: 8,77,1901
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Parenteral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Amphibian - frog
DOSE/DURATION : 900 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
AEPPAE Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und
Pharmakologie. (Berlin, Ger.) V.110-253, 1925-66. For publisher
information, see NSAPCC. Volume(issue)/page/year: 166,437,1932
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - cattle
DOSE/DURATION : 30 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
HBAMAK "Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." (Leipzig,
Ger. Dem. Rep.) Volume(issue)/page/year: 4,1289,1935
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - cattle
DOSE/DURATION : 10 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
HBAMAK "Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." (Leipzig,
Ger. Dem. Rep.) Volume(issue)/page/year: 4,1289,1935
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Rectal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - cattle
DOSE/DURATION : 30 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
HBAMAK "Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." (Leipzig,
Ger. Dem. Rep.) Volume(issue)/page/year: 4,1289,1935
** OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE TOXICITY DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 15120 mg/kg/90D-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Liver - hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal
Blood - changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)
Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue
levels - transaminases
REFERENCE :
DCTODJ Drug and Chemical Toxicology. (Marcel Dekker, 270 Madison Ave., New
York, NY 10016) V.1- 1977/78- Volume(issue)/page/year: 15,217,1992
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 210 mg/kg/30W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Blood - other changes
Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue
levels - true cholinesterase
REFERENCE :
GISAAA Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. (V/O
Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 1936-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 35(3),14,1970
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 1413 mg/kg/90D-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - body temperature decrease
REFERENCE :
NTOTDY Neurobehavioral Toxicology and Teratology. (Fayetteville, NY) V.3-8,
1981-86. For publisher information, see NETEEC. Volume(issue)/page/year:
6,137,1984
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 2016 mg/kg/14D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Liver - changes in liver weight
Endocrine - changes in spleen weight
Blood - changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)
REFERENCE :
EVHPAZ EHP, Environmental Health Perspectives. (U.S. Government Printing
Office, Supt of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) No.1- 1972-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 44,137,1982
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 1440 mg/kg/90D-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Liver - changes in liver weight
Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - other changes
Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue
levels - hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation,
etc.)
REFERENCE :
EVHPAZ EHP, Environmental Health Perspectives. (U.S. Government Printing
Office, Supt of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) No.1- 1972-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 44,137,1982
** TUMORIGENIC DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 10 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria
Liver - tumors
REFERENCE :
CDPRD4 Cancer Detection and Prevention. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th
St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1976- Volume(issue)/page/year: 9,279,1986
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 960 mg/kg/1W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria
Skin and Appendages - tumors
REFERENCE :
BJCAAI British Journal of Cancer. (Macmillan Press Ltd., Houndmills,
Basingstoke, Hants. RG21 2XS, UK) V.1- 1947- Volume(issue)/page/year:
9,177,1955
** REPRODUCTIVE DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE : 13 gm/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 3 week(s) pre-mating - 3 week(s) post-birth
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - behavioral
REFERENCE :
NTOTDY Neurobehavioral Toxicology and Teratology. (Fayetteville, NY) V.3-8,
1981-86. For publisher information, see NETEEC. Volume(issue)/page/year:
6,137,1984
** MUTATION DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : Mutation in microorganisms
TEST SYSTEM : Bacteria - Salmonella typhimurium
DOSE/DURATION : 1 mg/plate
REFERENCE :
ENMUDM Environmental Mutagenesis. (New York, NY) V.1-9, 1979-87. For
publisher information, see EMMUEG. Volume(issue)/page/year: 5(Suppl
1),3,1983
TYPE OF TEST : Mutation in microorganisms
TEST SYSTEM : Microorganism - not otherwise specified
DOSE/DURATION : 2 mg/plate
REFERENCE :
CBINA8 Chemico-Biological Interactions. (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland
Ltd., POB 85, Limerick, Ireland) V.1- 1969- Volume(issue)/page/year:
30,9,1980
TYPE OF TEST : Specific locus test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
TEST SYSTEM : Insect - Drosophila melanogaster
DOSE/DURATION : 5 mmol/L
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 322,111,1994
TYPE OF TEST : Gene conversion and mitotic recombination
TEST SYSTEM : Yeast - Saccharomyces cerevisiae
DOSE/DURATION : 15 mmol/L
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 141,19,1984
TYPE OF TEST : Mutation in microorganisms
TEST SYSTEM : Mold - Aspergillus nidulans
DOSE/DURATION : 5 mg/plate
REFERENCE :
CBINA8 Chemico-Biological Interactions. (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland
Ltd., POB 85, Limerick, Ireland) V.1- 1969- Volume(issue)/page/year:
30,9,1980
TYPE OF TEST : Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction
TEST SYSTEM : Mold - Aspergillus nidulans
DOSE/DURATION : 5 mmol/L
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 155,105,1985
TYPE OF TEST : Micronucleus test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Multiple routes
TEST SYSTEM : Non-mammalian species
DOSE/DURATION : 200 ppm
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 292,83,1993
TYPE OF TEST : Mutation test systems - not otherwise specified
TEST SYSTEM : Non-mammalian species Cells - not otherwise specified
DOSE/DURATION : 100 mmol/L
REFERENCE :
CHROAU Chromosoma. (Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., Service Center, 44
Hartz Way, Secaucus, NJ 07094) V.1- 1939- Volume(issue)/page/year:
45,215,1974
TYPE OF TEST : Cytogenetic analysis
TEST SYSTEM : Non-mammalian species Cells - not otherwise specified
DOSE/DURATION : 100 mmol/L
REFERENCE :
CHROAU Chromosoma. (Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., Service Center, 44
Hartz Way, Secaucus, NJ 07094) V.1- 1939- Volume(issue)/page/year:
45,215,1974
TYPE OF TEST : Micronucleus test
TEST SYSTEM : Human Lymphocyte
DOSE/DURATION : 500 umol/L
REFERENCE :
CRNGDP Carcinogenesis (London). (Oxford Univ. Press, Pinkhill House,
Southfield Road, Eynsham, Oxford OX8 1JJ, UK) V.1- 1980-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 18,1687,1997
TYPE OF TEST : Mutation test systems - not otherwise specified
TEST SYSTEM : Human Lymphocyte
DOSE/DURATION : 100 mg/L
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 334,1,1995
TYPE OF TEST : Sister chromatid exchange
TEST SYSTEM : Human Lymphocyte
DOSE/DURATION : 54 mg/L
REFERENCE :
AGTQAH Annales de Genetique. (Expansion Scientifique Francaise, 15 rue
Saint-Benoit, F-75278, Paris Cedex 06, France) V.1- 1958-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 24,105,1981
TYPE OF TEST : Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction
TEST SYSTEM : Human Lymphocyte
DOSE/DURATION : 50 mg/L
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 287,57,1993
TYPE OF TEST : Micronucleus test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 41 mg/kg
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 323,81,1994
TYPE OF TEST : Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 82700 ug/kg
REFERENCE :
ENMUDM Environmental Mutagenesis. (New York, NY) V.1-9, 1979-87. For
publisher information, see EMMUEG. Volume(issue)/page/year: 6,695,1984
TYPE OF TEST : Host-mediated assay
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse Yeast - Saccharomyces cerevisiae
DOSE/DURATION : 500 mg/kg
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 141,19,1984
TYPE OF TEST : Micronucleus test
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - hamster Lung
DOSE/DURATION : 80 mg/L
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 287,71,1993
TYPE OF TEST : Morphological transformation
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - hamster Embryo
DOSE/DURATION : 1 mg/L
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 343,7,1995
TYPE OF TEST : Mutation test systems - not otherwise specified
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - hamster Embryo
DOSE/DURATION : 165 mg/L
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 287,47,1993
TYPE OF TEST : Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - hamster Embryo
DOSE/DURATION : 100 mg/L
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 287,47,1993
TYPE OF TEST : Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - hamster Lung
DOSE/DURATION : 500 mg/L
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 287,29,1993
*** REVIEWS ***
IARC Cancer Review:Animal Limited Evidence
IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals
to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210)
V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 63,245,1995
IARC Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence
IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals
to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210)
V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 63,245,1995
IARC Cancer Review:Group 3
IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals
to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210)
V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 63,245,1995
*** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA ***
NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA :
NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974)
NOHS Hazard Code - 84490
No. of Facilities: 1191 (estimated)
No. of Industries: 3
No. of Occupations: 10
No. of Employees: 10916 (estimated)
NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983)
NOES Hazard Code - 84490
No. of Facilities: 264 (estimated)
No. of Industries: 4
No. of Occupations: 11
No. of Employees: 11278 (estimated)
No. of Female Employees: 8131 (estimated)
*** STATUS IN U.S. ***
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Aspergillus-aneuploidy; Histidine
reversion-Ames test
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: Aspergillus-recombination; N
crassa-aneuploidy
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: Sperm morphology-mouse
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Inconclusive: Carcinogenicity-mouse/rat; Mammalian
micronucleus
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
On EPA IRIS database
NTP Carcinogenesis studies; on test (two year studies), October 1997
*** END OF RECORD ***
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