E-waste Report
Determination of regulated elements in seven types of discarded
consumer electronic products
Hazardous Material Laboratory
California Department of Toxic Substances Control
January 2004
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Table of Contents
Table of Contents ......................................................................................................................... 2
Executive Summary ..................................................................................................................... 3
Introduction.................................................................................................................................... 4
Materials and Methods ................................................................................................................ 4
Sample Preparation: .................................................................................................................... 4
Sample Digestion for Elemental Testing: ................................................................................... 5
Extraction Procedures: ................................................................................................................ 5
Analytical Procedure:.................................................................................................................. 5
Quality Control: .......................................................................................................................... 5
Results ........................................................................................................................................... 6
Data Management ....................................................................................................................... 6
Quality Control Results: ............................................................................................................. 6
Total Concentrations................................................................................................................... 7
TCLP........................................................................................................................................... 8
WET............................................................................................................................................ 8
Discussion ..................................................................................................................................... 8
Conclusions................................................................................................................................... 9
Tables
Figures
Appendix A
SOP-733S. Sample Preparation of Electronic Waste (E-waste) Samples for the
Analysis of Semi-volatiles and Metals
Appendix B
Table QC-I. QC and MS/MSD for Total Extractable Concentrations
Table QC-II. QC and MS/MSD for TCLP
Table QC-III QC and MS/MSD for WET
Appendix C
Photographs
2
Executive Summary
At the request of the DTSC Regulatory Program and Development Division (RPDD),
Hazardous Waste Management Program, the Hazardous Materials Laboratory (HML)
arranged for the testing of selected waste electronic devices (e-waste) to determine the
total and extractable concentrations of regulated elements for comparison with
hazardous waste criteria. Seven electronic product types (microwave ovens, VCRs,
printers, CPUs, cell phones, telephones, and radios) were identified and, from each
product type, four devices of various brands and models were collected by RPDD and
submitted for analysis.
A protocol was developed to address the particular challenges of the e-waste samples.
Devices were dismantled individually, and components classified into millable parts
(plastic casings and printed circuit boards without capacitors or batteries), and non-
millable parts (metal frames, rods, capacitors, batteries and other metal parts). The
weights of the millable and non-millable components were recorded. All millable
components were ground to pass a 2mm sieve and mixed well. Representative sub-
samples were digested using EPA Method 3050, or extracted using the Toxicity
Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP), or extracted using the California Waste
Extraction Test (WET). Results were extrapolated to the entire device based on relative
weights and with the assumption that non-millable components did not contain any
regulated elements.
Results indicate that all the product types tested clearly exceeded at least one
hazardous waste criterion. Lead was the most common element exceeding its limits.
3
Introduction
At the request of the Regulatory Program and Development Division (RPDD),
Hazardous Waste Management Program, the Hazardous Materials Laboratory (HML)
arranged for the testing of electronic devices to determine the total and soluble
concentrations of regulated elements for comparison with hazardous waste criteria in
Title 22, Chapter 11, Article 3. Specific testing performed on the electronic devices
were the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP); California Waste
Extraction Test (WET), and EPA Method 3050 followed by elemental testing. The
results of these analytical tests were compared to hazardous waste regulatory
thresholds for each analytical test: the Toxicity Characteristic regulatory level, the
Soluble Threshold Limit Concentrations and Total Threshold Limit Concentrations,
respectively.
Chemical analysis of e-wastes presents challenges because of the physical nature of
these devices (size, composition), and the potential heterogeneity within devices and
between devices. A protocol was prepared to measure this heterogeneity, by testing
four devices of seven different product types, plus testing selected devices in triplicate
to measure within-sample heterogeneity.
Materials and Methods
Seven product types were identified for this project and, from each product type, four
devices of different brands and models were collected by RPDD and submitted for
analysis. The twenty eight devices are listed in Table 1. These devices were delivered
by RPDD to Sequoia Analytical Laboratories in Morgan Hill, CA where work was
performed under contract # 02-T2409 under the oversight of DTSC.
Sample Preparation:
The Standard Operating Procedure (HML SOP#733-S) developed for this project is
shown in Appendix A. In summary, the 28 devices were dismantled individually, and
components classified into two major types:
1) Millable (plastic components, plastic casings, printed circuit boards-without any
batteries or capacitors), and
2) Non millable metal components (metal frames, rods, batteries, capacitors and other
metal parts.).
All millable components were cut into small pieces and ground using a heavy duty mill
(Retsch, Model #SM-2000) to achieve the desired particle size and passed through a
2mm mesh sieve. The laboratory used a 2 mm sieve for all analyses (total extractable
concentrations, WET and TCLP) instead of the 1mm, 2mm and 9.5mm sieves specified
in the respective test procedures. The deviation was necessary because of the limited
mass of some samples. Another deviation from the SOP was the use of plastic chips
instead of wood chips to clean the milling apparatus and serve as blanks to determine
cross contamination. HML accepted this deviation because plastic chips were similar to
the samples, and worked better in the grinder. Milled samples were thoroughly mixed to
achieve homogeneity before removing aliquots for testing.
4
Sample Digestion for Elemental Testing:
A one gram (1 g) representative sub-sample of the thoroughly mixed sample was
digested using EPA Method 3050B, with repeated additions of nitric acid, hydrochloric
acid and hydrogen peroxide till the digestion was complete.
Extraction Procedures:
Sub-samples were taken from the milled samples and were extracted using the TCLP
and the WET to determine the leachability potential of regulated elements.
TCLP: An aliquot of the sample was extracted as described in EPA Method 1311.
Samples were extracted with an amount of extraction fluid equal to 20 times the weight
of the sample. The extraction fluid employed is a function of alkalinity of the sample.
Extraction fluid #1, consisting of a mixture of acetic acid and sodium hydroxide at pH
4.93 +/- 0.05, was used, since the final pH of the samples after the addition of 1N HCl
was <2.0. The extraction vessel containing the sample and the extraction fluid was
agitated on a rotary shaker at 30 +/- 2 rpm for 18 +/- 2 hours at ambient temperature.
The material in the extraction vessel was filtered through a glass fiber filter (0.45
micron) and the liquid extract was preserved with nitric acid to 5% by volume until ready
for digestion and analysis.
WET: Sample aliquots were extracted with a citrate buffer solution (10 times the weight
of the sample) at pH 5.0 for 48 hours in a mechanical shaker under anaerobic
conditions. Mixtures were centrifuged, filtered through Whatman filter paper #42 and
then passed through 0.45 micron membrane filter. The extracts were preserved by
acidifying with nitric acid to 5% by volume before digestion and analysis.
Analytical Procedure:
The above prepared samples were digested with nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, and
hydrogen peroxide, as specified in EPA Method 3050B. The digestates were analyzed
by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP 鈥揂ES, Thermo
Jarrell Ash, Model 61E), using EPA method 6010B. According to this method, digested
samples were filtered through 0.45 micron membrane filters, nebulized and the resulting
aerosol transported into the plasma torch. Emission spectra were produced by radio
frequency, dispersed by the grating material and the intensities of the emission lines
were measured by photosensitive devices.
Quality Control:
A unique quality assurance program was adopted to ensure the reliability of the data.
Before milling the samples, plastic chips that had been washed with nitric acid were run
through the milling apparatus. These blanks were analyzed to demonstrate that the
milling operation was free of cross-contamination.
A sample batch was defined as a group of 10 samples, or fewer, processed together
with appropriate QC samples. With each batch of samples one method blank, one
laboratory control sample (LCS) prepared in DI water, one matrix spike (MS) and one
matrix spike duplicate (MSD) sample were analyzed. Between batches, plastic chips
5
were processed to confirm absence of cross-contamination. One sample of each
product type, with the exception of the CPU, was extracted and analyzed in triplicate for
total elements to examine the homogeneity and the precision of the data.
Results
Data Management
The elemental concentrations measured in the milled portions of the devices were
converted to concentrations in the entire device by using the relative weights (Table 1),
with the assumption that the unmilled portion of each device did not contain any of the
regulated elements.
Analytical results are shown in Tables 2-5. All 28 samples were analyzed for EPA
Method 3050 concentrations, TCLP-extractable elements and WET-extractable
elements, with the exception of sample #18 (cell phone) which was not extracted using
the TCLP, and sample #20 (telephone) which was not analyzed for either WET- or
TCLP-extractable elements because of insufficient weight. These results are shown as
not analyzed, 鈥淣A鈥? in the respective tables. Data marked 鈥淣A鈥? were not used in
calculations, and summary statistics were performed on the remainder of the set, i.e.,
on three rather than four devices. Data below the reporting limit are shown as not
detected, 鈥淣D鈥?. Reporting limits varied with dilution factors. Nevertheless, they were
always significantly lower than the respective hazardous waste criteria. When only one
value for a particular element among the four samples (or three, in the case of replicate
analysis) was 鈥淣D鈥?, that value was replaced by one-half of its respective reporting limit
(adjusted for any dilution factor). These estimated values and the summary statistics
that use such values are highlighted with a gray background in Tables 2-5. When more
than one value among the four samples (or three, in the case of replicate analysis) was
鈥淣D鈥?, no adjustments were made and no summary statistics were performed for that
particular element. In this case, whereas individual values are reported, the data are not
used in determining summary statistics.
Tables 2-5 show results for individual samples plus the arithmetic average (mean) of all
samples in the product type, coefficient of variation (CV %) and the upper confidence
level (UL) for the mean (1-sided, 90th percentile). Entries in bold face (individual result,
mean or UL) indicate results exceeding the respective regulatory thresholds (shown on
the first row). The coefficient of variation in Table 2 expresses the variability observed
among the four samples of each product type. CVs in Table 3 reflect the within-sample
variation.
Quality Control Results:
Quality Control (QC) results for Total Extractable Concentrations are shown in Appendix
B (Table QC-I). Samples were digested and analyzed separately in 9 batches. Samples
# 5, 19, 20 and 28 were used as Matrix Spikes and Matrix Spike Duplicates (MS/MSD).
Samples were spiked with all the elements at 50 mg/kg concentrations along with the
Laboratory Control Samples (LCSs) spiked at the same level (50 mg/L) in de-ionized
water. Method blanks and reagent blanks were analyzed in between the actual samples
6
and the QC samples, to assess any carryover from high level background
concentrations. None of the elements were detectable in the plastic chip blanks,
indicating that the milling system was free of cross contamination. In all the batches,
recovery of LCS ranged from 84% to 103%. However, recoveries in MS/MSD varied
from element to element because some of the elements such as Pb, Cu, Zn, Sb, Co
and Ni were present at very high concentrations compared to the amount spiked.
Nevertheless, overall recoveries ranged from 77.6% to 109 %.
For WET-extractable elements, samples were analyzed in four (4) batches with method
blanks and LCSs. MS/MSDs were run on samples # 1, 7, 8,10, 20 (Appendix B, Table
QC-II). These, and an equal number of LCSs, were spiked with all the elements at a
concentration of 2mg/L. LCS recoveries varied from 88.5% to 114% and all method
blanks were below detection. MS and MSD were recovered within the range of 82% to
118%. Recoveries of Pb, Co and Zn, however, were not reported in some batches due
to high background concentrations in comparison to the spike concentrations.
TCLP analysis was batched into five sets of samples with method blanks and LCS
(Appendix B, Table QC-III). These batches included other samples (soils from a
separate project) in addition to the e-wastes and, therefore, relevant MS/MSDs were
performed on samples #1, 7 and 8 only. Samples and LCS were spiked at 0.8 mg/L with
seven regulated elements only. None of the elements was detected in method blanks,
and LCS recoveries ranged from 88% to 112% except for Ba, which showed around
200% recovery. MS and MSD recoveries varied from 85% to 113%, with the exception
of Pb and Ba which were not reported due to very wide limits, attributable to the high
concentrations in the samples.
To assess the homogeneity of the samples subjected to analysis, six devices (# 1, 5,
13, 19, 20 and 28) were analyzed in triplicate. Table 3 shows the individual results, their
mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation of these triplicate analyses. CVs
ranged from 4% (Cu in telephones, and Sb in cell phones) to 134% (Cr in VCR). The
standard error of the mean (se) is shown in Table 3 and is plotted in Figures 1-3.
Total Concentrations
Table 2 shows the results for total concentrations in mg/Kg (extrapolated to the entire
device using the relative weights of millable and non-millable portions) for all samples.
TTLCs are shown in the top row. It is clear that only a few elements (Sb, Cu and Pb)
were consistently measured in all samples. Cell phones had the most measurable
elements, with many elements above the respective TTLC. Figures 1-3 show
measurements for Pb, Cu and Sb in each product type. The dark solid bar represents
the mean concentration of the four devices within each product type and the error bar
represents the 90% UL. The TTLC drawn in these figures allows a visual comparison of
the 90% UL to the respective TTLC. Figures 1-3 also show the results of the triplicate
analyses for the same elements. The light solid bar represents the mean concentration
of the three replicates of each device. The error bar in this case is the standard error of
the mean, expressing the observed variability.
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TCLP
TCLP results (mg/L extrapolated to the entire device) are shown in Table 4. Only Pb
was measured consistently across devices. Figure 4 shows the mean Pb
concentrations, the 90% UL and the TCLP limit. All product types, except for the
Microwaves, appear to fail the TCLP for Pb.
WET
Table 5 shows WET-extractable results in mg/L (extrapolated to the entire device). Cu,
Pb and Zn were measurable in many devices. All product types except for the CPU
exceeded the STLC for Pb. Figures 5 and 6 show results for Pb and Zn, respectively.
Table 6 summarizes the product types that exceed the TTLCs, TC Limits, or STLCs. It
is clear that all product types exceeded at least one of the regulatory thresholds. All
product types exceed the TCLP limit for Pb and, with the exception of CPUs, all product
types exceed the STLC for Pb. Cell phones have the most exceedences and
microwaves the fewest: Cell phones exceed both the STLC and TCLP limits for Pb, and
they also exceed the TTLC for Pb, Sb, Cu, Ni and Cr. Microwaves only exceed the
STLC for Pb.
Discussion
HML assessed the homogeneity of samples processed through the grinder by
conducting triplicate analyses for Total Metals on six of the seven product types (one
device from each product type, except for the CPU). As can be seen in Table 3, relative
coefficient of variation (%CV) varied across devices and elements. The lowest %CVs
were obtained for Cu (4% to 48%), Sb (4% to 51%) and Pb (19% to 56%) measured in
all six devices. As these were the metals consistently measured above the respective
criteria in most devices, it is reassuring to see that samples were reasonably
homogeneous and that our conclusions apply.
Lead was the only element where both the TCLP-extractable and the WET-extractable
concentrations were consistently measured in most devices. The summary in Table 6
shows that the 90% UL of results for each device exceed at least one hazardous waste
criterion. Elements marked with an asterisk indicate that, whereas the 90%UL
exceeded the respective regulatory limit, the number of samples tested (n=4) was
inadequate, given the observed variation, the difference between the mean value and
the regulatory limit, and assuming a normal distribution. For these types of devices,
additional samples are needed to evaluate these particular elements. Specifically, with
the observed variation, 24 samples are needed to confidently determine whether the
TTLC is exceeded for Pb in printers. On the other hand, 11 samples are needed to
determine whether the TTLC is exceeded for Sb in printers. Similarly, 18 samples are
needed to determine whether the TTLC is exceeded for Cr and over 300 samples are
needed for Ni in cell phones. Nine samples are required for Ni in telephones and 11
samples are required for Sb in radios. All other determinations had adequate sample
size. Even if the elements that require additional measurements are disregarded, all
product types exceed at least one hazardous waste criterion.
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As discussed in this report, there are some other considerations for waste classification.
First, there is the issue of sample preparation. The contract laboratory milled all
samples to pass a 2 mm sieve, although the TCLP specifies a 9.5 mm sieve, and the
preparation for Total Concentrations testing specifies a 1 mm sieve. This deviation
from the prescribed particle size could have a significant effect on the TCLP results;
however, the TCLP only specifies that the waste is milled to pass a 9.5 mm sieve and
does not preclude milling to a smaller size. Since the correct sieve size was used for
the WET, there is more confidence in the results showing that microwave ovens
significantly exceed the STLC. For other devices, the particle size does not appear to
have any significant effect on whether the regulatory thresholds are exceeded, as all
results clearly exceed hazardous waste regulatory thresholds.
In summary, all the devices tested, clearly exceeded at least one hazardous waste
criterion (RCRA on non-RCRA). These results confirm our observations in the DTSC
pilot study on E-wastes.
Conclusions
鈥? All product types clearly exceeded at least one hazardous waste criterion.
鈥? Lead was the most common element exceeding its limit.
鈥? Cell phones exceeded the most regulatory thresholds compared to the other product
types tested.
鈥? With the exception of microwave ovens, all product types tested exceeded the TTLC
and TCLP regulatory thresholds.
鈥? With the exception of CPUs, all product types tested exceeded at least one STLC.
9
TABLE 1. List of 28 e-waste devices (type, manufacturer, model, serial number) and weights of components.
ID Product Type Manufacturer Model No. Serial No. Wt. of Non- Wt. of Metal Total Wt. of
Metal parts (Kg) parts (Kg) device (Kg)
1 Microwave Oven GE Dual Wave II JE1465001 DV91098Z 1.913 13.2 15.1
2 Microwave Oven Montgomery Ward 1.5 KSA 8223A 149789 0.565 33.2 33.76
3 Microwave Oven Sharp Carousel II R4A83A 148866 1.297 14.7 16
4 Microwave Oven JC Penny Microwave 863553570 71101269 1.259 19.7 21
5 VCR SV2000 4Head SVX142AT21 743329458 1.18 1.6 2.78
6 VCR XR1000 4- Head SVG451 S307602727 1.223 3.8 5.02
7 VCR JVC HR-D225U 119L1287 3.354 6.0 9.35
8 VCR JVC HR-D225U 9991724 3.341 6.8 10.14
9 CPU AT&T PC 6300 154509 1.472 12.3 13.77
10 CPU Packard Bell Multimedia 940-3X3A N368021369 2.545 7.8 10.05
11 CPU Cordata PC 400 PC-400-25 2BSA5532 1.773 11.1 12.87
12 CPU Cordata PC 400 PC-400-25 2BSA6594 2.024 12.5 14.52
13 Printer Star Micronomics J24140 3-4008E+11 1.705 2.0 3.7
14 Printer Epson Stylus color 500 P880A 3BR1482700 1.822 4.2 6.02
15 Printer Laxmark Z51 4098-001 7100078881 2.885 0.8 3.69
16 Printer HP Desk Jet 2276A 2803A22999 1.647 1.8 3.45
17 Cell Phone Motorola 52140AA 935VWFS76 0.178 0.3 0.478
18 Cell Phone Motorola i1000 plus H26UAH6RR7AN 831TBCD72M00504818513100 0.102 0.026 0.128
19 Cell Phone Motorola 74202NTTOA A55GYO6215 0.314 0.23 0.544
21 Cell Phone Motorola i1000 plus H26UAH6RR7AN 831TBCD75H0504818884100 0.115 0.09 0.205
20 Telephone Sharp cordless phone/ Ans sys FT-5410 50409471 0.433 0.163 0.596
22 Telephone Sony High Power 900mhz SPP-S9001 8251587 0.163 0.372 0.535
23 Telephone ATT 1307 93202M 0.657 0.456 1.113
24 Telephone Bell/South 1188 11111 0.22 0.062 0.282
25 Radio Panasonic RC-6063 ------------ 0.367 0.268 0.635
26 Radio Realistic 12-150 30380043596 0.668 0.4 1.068
27 Radio Magnavox AJ3010/17 KT02960720 2005 0.348 0.175 0.523
28 Radio General Electric 7-4630D -------------- 0.732 0 0.732
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TABLE 2. Concentrations of Total Concentrations in mg/kg of entire device. Bold face results indicate values above the respective TTLC
(shown at the top of the Table.) Shaded cells indicate estimated values (1/2 of the reporting limit adjusted for dilution factor) and summary
statistics using these estimated values. An asterisk indicates inadequate sample size.
TTLC = 500 500 10,000 75 100 2,500 8,000 2,500 1,000 3,500 2,000 100 500 700 2,400 5,000
ID DEVICE Sb As Ba Be Cd Cr Co Cu Pb Mo Ni Se Ag Tl V Zn
1 4 ND ND ND 0.1 ND ND 668 177 ND 87 ND ND ND ND 371
MW
2 4 ND ND ND 1 ND ND 853 52 ND ND ND 1 ND ND ND
MW
3 105 ND ND 24 3 ND 1,459 235 ND 26 ND 11 ND ND 381
ND
MW
4 16 ND ND ND 2 ND ND 396 204 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
MW
mean 32 ND ND ND 7 ND ND 844 167 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
cv% 153 ND ND ND 174 ND ND 53 48 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
UL 72 ND ND ND 16 ND ND 1,213 233 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
5 1,542 ND 327 8 1.4 110 20 32,259 3,849 ND 454 ND 100 ND ND 3,247
VCR
6 536 3 66 ND ND 44 ND 13,887 2,680 10 731 ND 39 ND ND ND
VCR
7 610 4 ND ND 1 1,004 32 46,633 5,381 ND 610 ND 43 ND ND 6,457
VCR
8 758 ND ND ND ND 8 ND 49,423 3,624 ND 112 ND 40 ND ND ND
VCR
mean 861 ND ND ND ND 292 ND 35,550 3,883 ND 477 ND 55 ND ND ND
cv% 54 ND ND ND ND 164 ND 46 29 ND 56 ND 54 ND ND ND
UL 1,241 ND ND ND ND 682 ND 48,886 4,800 ND 696 ND 80 ND ND ND
9 256 ND 84 ND 1 8 6 11,733 3,093 ND 1,600 ND 33 ND ND ND
CPU
10 516 ND 269 ND 1 101 7 35,920 2,919 ND 247 ND 52 ND ND ND
CPU
11 481 4 371 ND 1 40 7 19,242 4,810 ND 1,086 ND 22 ND ND ND
CPU
12 405 4 391 ND 7 168 9 18,146 3,908 ND 698 ND 28 ND ND ND
CPU
mean 415 ND 279 ND 2 79 7 21,260 3,683 ND 908 ND 34 ND ND ND
cv% 28 ND 50 ND 123 89 15 49 24 ND 63 ND 38 ND ND ND
UL 509 ND 394 ND 5 137 8 29,712 4,393 ND 1,379 ND 44 ND ND ND
13 1,797 ND 184 ND 5 10 ND 10,276 1,765 ND ND ND ND ND ND 1,198
Printer
14 1,998 ND ND ND ND 163 ND 7,264 454 ND 236 ND 9 ND ND 999
Printer
15 258 ND ND ND ND ND ND 3,440 735 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
Printer
16 35 ND ND ND 0 ND ND 5,729 72 ND 220 ND ND ND ND ND
Printer
mean 1,022 ND ND ND ND ND ND 6,677 756 ND 228 ND ND ND ND ND
cv% 100 ND ND ND ND ND ND 43 96 ND 5 ND ND ND ND ND
UL 1,856* ND ND ND ND ND ND 9,026 1,350* ND 237 ND ND ND ND ND
11
TABLE 2. Cont鈥檇. Concentration of Total Concentrations in mg/kg of entire device. Bold face results indicate values above the respective
TTLC (shown at the top of the Table.) Shaded cells indicate estimated values (1/2 of the reporting limit adjusted for dilution factor) and
summary statistics using these estimated values. An asterisk indicates inadequate sample size.
TTLC = 500 500 10,000 75 100 2,500 8,000 2,500 1,000 3,500 2,000 100 500 700 2,400 5,000
ID DEVICE Sb As Ba Be Cd Cr Co Cu Pb Mo Ni Se Ag Tl V Zn
17 186 ND 1,862 130 ND 186 186 89,372 5,958 ND 1,862 ND 186 ND ND ND
Cell
18 71 ND 606 ND 2 5,498 45 35,063 1,514 112 2,630 ND 77 ND ND ND
Cell
19 808 6 904 117 3 22 319 8,466 4,656 ND 2,059 ND 160 ND ND ND
Cell
168 ND 673 ND ND 135 22 17,390 5,049 ND 954 ND 398 ND ND ND
21 Cell
mean 308 ND 1,061 ND ND 1,470 145 38,856 4,667 ND 1,946 ND 235 ND ND ND
cv% 109 ND 57 ND ND 184 97 97 45 ND 37 ND 67 ND ND ND
UL 584 ND 1,487 ND ND 3,666* 256 67,269 5,877 ND 2,446* ND 317 ND ND ND
20 84 18 1,693 31 9 2,470 103 84,762 3,175 27 3,146 ND 186 49 ND 5,667
Telephone
22 14 ND 85 ND 0.2 ND ND 2,437 67 ND 30 ND 30 ND ND ND
Telephone
23 401 ND 59 ND 7 ND ND 30,695 2,420 ND 1,358 ND 18 ND ND 2,597
Telephone
24 94 ND 265 ND 8 ND ND 31,206 3,043 ND 398 ND 8 ND ND ND
Telephone
mean 148 ND 526 ND 6 ND ND 37,275 2,176 ND 1,233 ND 78 ND ND ND
cv% 116 ND 149 ND 66 ND ND 92 66 ND 113 ND 151 ND ND ND
UL 290 ND 1,167 ND 9 ND ND 65,444 3,359 ND 2,373* ND 170 ND ND ND
25 150 ND 185 ND 1 ND ND 75,134 19,650 ND ND ND 127 ND ND ND
Radio
26 751 ND 188 ND 3 21 24 112,584 20,015 ND ND ND 138 ND ND ND
Radio
27 279 ND 67 ND 2 ND ND 86,501 4,325 ND ND ND 43 ND ND ND
Radio
28 279 ND 540 ND 6 ND ND 71,000 4,433 ND 313 ND 16 ND ND 280
Radio
mean 365 ND 245 ND 3 ND ND 86,305 12,106 ND 313 ND 81 ND ND 280
cv% 72 ND 84 ND 68 ND ND 22 74 ND ND ND 75 ND ND ND
UL 581* ND 412 ND 5 ND ND 101,624 16,510 ND ND ND 131 ND ND ND
12
TABLE 3. Results of replicate analyses for Total Concentrations in mg/kg of entire device. Shaded cells indicate estimated values (1/2 of the
reporting limit adjusted for dilution factor) and summary statistics using these estimated values.
E-Waste
ID Type Sb As Ba Be Cd Cr Co Cu Pb Mo Ni Se Ag Tl V Zn
1 MW 4.3 ND ND ND ND ND ND 749 165 ND 88 ND ND ND ND 292
1-R1 1.3 ND ND ND ND ND ND 241 62 ND ND ND ND ND ND 432
1-R2 5.6 ND ND ND ND ND ND 1,016 305 ND ND ND ND ND ND 394
mean 3.7 ND ND ND ND ND ND 669 177 ND ND ND ND ND ND 373
sd 1.8 ND ND ND ND ND ND 321 99 ND ND ND ND ND ND 59
cv% 49 ND ND ND ND ND ND 48 56 ND ND ND ND ND ND 16
se 1.0 ND ND ND ND ND ND 186 57 ND ND ND ND ND ND 34
5 VCR 1,230 ND 399 8 2 4 3 34,344 5,088 ND 102 ND 98 ND ND 2,247
5 - R1 1,484 ND 157 ND 1 216 36 33,496 4,664 ND 806 ND 102 ND ND 4,240
5 - R2 1,908 ND 424 ND 1 4 4 28,832 1,781 ND 42 ND 4 ND ND 85
mean 1,541 ND 326 ND 1 75 15 32,224 3,844 ND 317 ND 68 ND ND 2,191
sd 280 ND 120 ND 0 100 15 2,423 1,469 ND 347 ND 45 ND ND 1,697
cv% 18 ND 37 ND 32 134 105 8 38 ND 109 ND 66 ND ND 77
se 162 ND 69 ND 0 58 9 1,399 848 ND 200 ND 26 ND ND 980
13 Printer 876 ND 207 ND 5 10 ND 10,142 2,028 ND ND ND 9 ND ND 1,199
13-R1 2,489 ND 175 ND 4 5 ND 15,213 1,982 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
13-R2 2,028 ND 175 ND 6 10 ND 5,532 1,291 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
mean 1,798 ND 186 ND 5 8 ND 10,296 1,767 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
sd 679 ND 15 ND 1 2 ND 3,954 337 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
cv% 38 ND 8 ND 13 30 ND 38 19 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
se 392 ND 9 ND 0 1 ND 2,283 195 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
19 Cell 693 ND 924 133 0.3 17 45 69,265 3,001 ND 1,154 ND 127 ND ND ND
19 - R1 866 ND 750 110 2.9 23 104 86,581 6,926 ND 1,154 ND 190 ND ND ND
19 - R2 866 6 1,039 110 2.5 26 808 98,125 4,040 ND 3,867 ND 162 ND ND ND
mean 808 6 904 117 1.9 22 319 84,657 4,656 ND 2,059 ND 160 ND ND ND
sd 33 ND 144 4 0.5 2 361 7,284 1,520 ND 1,381 ND 17 ND ND ND
cv% 4 ND 16 4 27 9 113 9 33 ND 67 ND 11 ND ND ND
se 19 ND 83 3 0.3 1 208 4,206 878 ND 798 ND 10 ND ND ND
20 Phone 20 2,615
116 ND 1,744 7 ND 1,816 124 87,181 3,124 2,180 ND 102 ND ND
20 - R1 7 3,633
80 ND 1,526 5 ND 218 27 79,916 2,252 2,180 ND 320 ND ND
20 - R2 34 8,718
57 9 1,816 80 9 5,376 160 87,181 4,141 5,086 ND 312 49 ND
mean 20 4,989
85 ND 1,695 31 ND 2,470 103 84,760 3,172 3,148 ND 245 49 ND
sd 11 2,670
24 ND 123 35 ND 2,156 56 3,425 772 1,370 ND 101 0 ND
cv% 54 54
29 ND 7 114 ND 87 54 4 24 44 ND 41 0 ND
se 6 1,541
14 ND 71 20 ND 1,245 32 1,977 446 791 ND 58 0 ND
13
TABLE 3.cont鈥檇. Results of replicate analyses for Total Concentrations in mg/kg of entire device. Shaded cells indicate estimated values (1/2
of the reporting limit adjusted for dilution factor) and summary statistics using these estimated values.
E-Waste
Type
ID Sb As Ba Be Cd Cr Co Cu Pb Mo Ni Se Ag Tl V Zn
28 Radio 87 ND 100 ND 7 ND ND 46,000 1,500 ND 100 ND 10 ND ND 280
28 - R1 430 ND 840 ND 4 ND ND 100,000 6,300 ND 240 ND 60 ND ND ND
28 - R2 320 ND 240 ND 7 ND ND 67,000 5,500 ND 700 ND 31 ND ND ND
mean 279 ND 393 ND 6 ND ND 71,000 4,433 ND 347 ND 34 ND ND ND
sd 143 ND 321 ND 2 ND ND 22,226 2,100 ND 256 ND 20 ND ND ND
cv% 51 ND 82 ND 26 ND ND 31 47 ND 74 ND 61 ND ND ND
se 83 ND 185 ND 1 ND ND 12,832 1,212 ND 148 ND 12 ND ND ND
14
TABLE 4. Concentrations of TCLP- extractable elements in mg/L of entire device. Bold face
results indicate values above the respective TCLP criteria (shown at the top of the Table.) Shaded
cells indicate estimated values (1/2 of the reporting limit adjusted for dilution factor) and summary
statistics using these estimated values.
TCLP LIMIT= 5 100 1 5 5 1 5
e-Waste Type
ID As Ba Cd Cr Pb Se Ag
1 ND ND ND ND 1.7 ND ND
MW
2 ND ND ND ND 4.6 ND ND
MW
3 ND ND ND ND 4.3 ND ND
MW
4 ND ND ND ND 1.4 ND ND
MW
mean ND ND ND ND 3.0 ND ND
cv% ND ND ND ND 56 ND ND
UL ND ND ND ND 4.4 ND ND
5 ND ND 0.02 ND ND ND
55
VCR
6 ND ND ND ND ND ND
21
VCR
7 ND ND 0.00 ND ND ND
39
VCR
8 ND ND ND ND ND ND
33
VCR
mean ND ND ND ND ND ND
37
cv% ND ND ND ND 38 ND ND
UL ND ND ND ND ND ND
49
9 ND ND 0.01 ND ND ND
50
CPU
10 ND ND 0.00 ND ND ND
23
CPU
11 ND ND 0.00 ND ND ND
60
CPU
12 ND ND 0.01 ND ND ND
48
CPU
mean ND ND ND ND ND ND
45
cv% ND ND ND ND 36 ND ND
UL ND ND ND ND ND ND
58
13 ND ND ND ND ND ND
12
Printer
14 ND ND ND ND ND ND
10
Printer
15 ND ND ND ND ND ND
16
Printer
16 ND ND ND ND 3 ND ND
Printer
mean ND ND ND ND ND ND
10
cv% ND ND ND ND 54 ND ND
UL ND ND ND ND ND ND
15
15
TABLE 4. Cont鈥檇. Concentrations of TCLP- extractable elements in mg/L of entire device. Bold
face results indicate values above the respective TCLP criteria (shown at the top of the Table.)
Shaded cells indicate estimated values (1/2 of the reporting limit adjusted for dilution factor) and
summary statistics using these estimated values.
TCLP LIMIT= 5 100 1 5 5 1 5
e-Waste Type
ID As Ba Cd Cr Pb Se Ag
17 ND ND 0.01 ND ND ND
52
Cell
18 NA NA NA NA NA NA
NA
Cell
19 ND ND ND ND ND ND
52
Cell
21 ND ND ND ND ND ND
51
Cell
mean ND ND ND ND ND ND
52
cv% ND ND ND ND 14 ND ND
UL ND ND ND ND ND ND
52
20 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Telephone
22 ND ND ND ND ND ND
16
Telephone
23 ND ND ND ND ND ND
43
Telephone
24 ND ND ND ND ND ND
75
Telephone
mean ND ND ND ND ND ND
45
cv% ND ND ND ND 66 ND ND
UL ND ND ND ND ND ND
77
25 ND ND ND ND ND ND
20
Radio
26 ND ND 0.04 ND ND ND
60
Radio
27 ND ND ND ND ND ND
26
Radio
28 ND ND 0.06 ND ND ND
110
Radio
mean ND ND ND ND ND ND
54
cv% ND ND ND ND 76 ND ND
UL ND ND ND ND ND ND
88
16
TABLE 5. Concentrations of WET-extractable elements in mg/L of entire device. Bold face results indicate values above the
respective STLC criteria (shown at the top of the Table.) Shaded cells indicate estimated values (1/2 of the reporting limit adjusted
for dilution factor) and summary statistics using these estimated values.
STLC LIMIT= 5 100 1 1 5 80 25 5 350 20 1 5 7 24 250
ID e-Waste type As Ba Be Cd Cr Co Cu Pb Mo Ni Se Ag Tl V Zn
8.5
1 ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.2 ND ND ND ND ND ND 1.3
MW
4.8
2 ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.0 ND ND ND ND ND ND 1.2
MW
13
3 ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.2 ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.2
MW
5.1
4 ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.2 ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.0
MW
7.9
mean ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.1 ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.7
cv% ND ND ND ND ND ND 63 48 ND ND ND ND ND ND 96
11
UL ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.2 ND ND ND ND ND ND 1.2
20
5 ND ND ND 0.07 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 21
VCR
16
6 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 1
VCR
18
7 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 1
VCR
8
8 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 31
VCR
14
mean ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 11
cv% ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 38 ND ND ND ND ND ND 156
18
UL ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 25
9 ND 1.5 ND 0.04 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 1
CPU
10 ND 0.9 ND ND ND ND ND 2 ND ND ND ND ND ND 2
CPU
11 ND 2.2 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 1
CPU
12 ND 2.1 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 1
CPU
mean ND 1.7 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 1
cv% ND 36.0 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 36
UL ND 2.2 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 1
97
13 ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.18 ND 3.9 ND ND ND ND 1.7
Printer
51
14 ND ND ND ND ND ND 3.63 ND ND ND ND ND ND 1.3
Printer
40
15 ND ND ND ND ND ND 20.33 ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.9
Printer
21
16 ND ND ND ND ND ND 5.25 ND 17.2 ND ND ND ND 0.4
Printer
52
mean ND ND ND ND ND ND 7.35 ND ND ND ND ND ND 1.1
cv% ND ND ND ND ND ND 121.2 62 ND ND ND ND ND ND 50
ND ND ND ND ND ND
79
UL ND ND ND ND ND ND 14.64 2
17
TABLE 5. Cont鈥檇. Concentrations of WET extractable elements in mg/L of entire device. Bold face results indicate values above
the respective STLC criteria (shown at the top of the Table.) Shaded cells indicate estimated values (1/2 of the reporting limit
adjusted for dilution factor) and summary statistics using these estimated values.
STLC LIMIT= 5 100 1 1 5 80 25 5 350 20 1 5 7 24 250
ID e-Waste Type As Ba Be Cd Cr Co Cu Pb Mo Ni Se Ag Tl V Zn
52
17 ND 3.46 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.2 ND 2
Cell
18 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Cell
127
19 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 1
Cell
21 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.1 ND ND ND ND ND ND 2
Cell
64
mean ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 2
cv% ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 141 ND ND ND ND ND ND 76
161 3
UL ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
20 ND 5.61 ND 0.02 ND ND ND 3.4 ND ND ND ND ND ND 5
Telephone
22 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 1.9 ND ND ND ND ND ND 3
Telephone
77
23 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 1
Telephone
24 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 1.6 ND ND ND ND ND ND 109
Telephone
27
mean ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 38
cv% ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 162 ND ND ND ND ND ND 164
62
UL ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 88
75
25 ND ND ND ND ND ND 2.66 ND ND ND ND ND ND 2
Radio
113
26 ND ND ND ND 0.69 ND 0.25 ND ND ND ND ND ND 2
Radio
93
27 ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.55 ND ND ND ND 0.4 ND 3
Radio
77
28 ND ND ND ND ND ND 21 ND ND ND ND ND ND 4
Radio
89
mean ND ND ND ND ND ND 6.1 ND ND ND ND ND ND 2
cv% ND ND ND ND ND ND 163 19 ND ND ND ND ND ND 41
104
UL ND ND ND ND ND ND 14.3 ND ND ND ND ND ND 3
18
TABLE 6. eWaste products exceeding hazardous waste criteria. Decision is based on the 90% Upper Confidence
Level. When the sample size (n=4) was inadequate to compare to the hazardous waste criterion (assuming a
normal distribution), the respective element is marked by an asterisk.
ELEMENTS EXCEDING RESPECTIVE CRITERIA
Product Type TOTALS TCLP WET
>TTLC >TCLP limit >STLC
Microwave Ovens
- - Pb
VCR
Sb, Cu, Pb Pb Pb
CPU
Sb, Cu, Pb Pb -
Printer
Cu, Pb*, Sb* Pb Pb
Cell
Sb, Cu, Pb, Cr*, Ni* Pb Pb
Telephone
Cu, Pb, Ni* Pb Pb
Radio
Cu, Pb, Sb* Pb Pb
19
Fig. 1 Total Pb (mg/kg device)
TTLC=1,000 mg/kg
20,000
n=4 devices
triplicate analysis
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
ne
l
r
W
R
PU
o
el
te
i
VC
ad
M
C
ho
in
C
Pr
R
p
le
Te
Fig. 2 Total Cu (mg/kg device)
TTLC=2,500 mg/kg
120,000
n=4 devices
100,000 triplicate analysis
80,000
60,000
40,000
20,000
0
ne
l
r
W
R
PU
o
el
te
i
VC
ad
M
C
ho
in
C
Pr
R
p
le
Te
20
Fig. 3 Total Sb (mg/kg device)
TTLC=500 mg/kg
2,500
n=4 devices
2,000 triplicate
1,500
1,000
500
0
ne
l
r
W
R
PU
o
el
te
i
VC
ad
M
C
ho
in
C
Pr
R
p
le
Te
Fig. 4 TCLP extractable Pb (mg/L, whole device)
TCLP= 5 mg/L
100
n=4 devices
80
60
40
20
0
ne
l
r
W
R
PU
o
el
te
i
VC
ad
M
C
ho
in
C
Pr
R
p
le
Te
21
Fig. 5 WET extractable Pb (mg/L, whole device)
STLC= 5 mg/L
200
n=4 devices
150
100
50
0
ne
l
r
W
R
PU
o
el
te
i
VC
ad
M
C
ho
in
C
Pr
R
p
le
Te
Fig. 6 WET extractable Zn (mg/L, whole device)
STLC= 250 mg/L
100
n=4 devices
80
60
40
20
0
ne
l
r
W
R
PU
o
el
te
i
VC
ad
M
C
ho
in
C
Pr
R
p
le
Te
22
Appendix A.
SOP-733S. Sample Preparation of Electronic Waste (E-waste) Samples for the Analysis of Semi-
volatiles and Metals
23
SOP Status: Draft Approved by:
_____________________
(Chief, HML)
______________________ _____________________
(HML QA/QC Officer) (Supervisor)
Sample Preparation of Electronic Waste (E-waste) Samples
for Analysis of Semi-volatiles and Metals
1. Scope and Application
1.1 This procedure is applicable to prepare electronic waste (E-waste) samples requiring
analysis for semi-volatile organics and inorganic substances. When waste
characterization for regulated substances is requested, pre-preparation procedures
derived from Title 22, 66261.24 (a) (1) [the TCLP] and/or 66261.24 (a) (2)
[persistent and bio-accumulative toxic substances] are applied as required.
1.2 This procedure is used to prepare samples from various E-wastes such as; cellular
phones, video cassette recorders, domestic microwave ovens, computers, printers,
and telephone/answering machines, etc. The purpose behind this approach is as
follows:
1.2.1 Shredding and milling of E-waste samples to pass through a No. 10 (2mm)
sieves designed to simulate the scenario of landfill materials being
crushed/ground/weathered, to finer materials and thereby increasing their
tendency to release toxic substances into the environment. Every effort must
be made to reduce the particle size to pass through a 9.5 mm, 2 mm(No. 10)
and 1 mm(No. 18) sieves sequentially, to meet the TCLP, WET an Total
semi volatile analysis requirements. Due to the nature of E-waste matrices
these particle sizes may not be achieved, and then every effort must be made
to reduce the particle size close to the above requirements.
1.2.2 By shredding and milling the E-waste samples to pass through a No. 10 and
No. 18 sieve, the sample homogeneity increases and should result in
increased precision of the analyses.
1.2.3 Employing one uniform pre-preparation procedure provides a consistent and
simplified approach to preparing all kinds of E-waste samples.
1.3 This SOP describes the procedure to prepare samples prior to any extraction or
digestion procedure that may be required before subsequent analyses.
24
1.4 This procedure is recommended for use by laboratory assistants or technicians
working under the close supervision of chemists experienced in the sample
preparation requirements for semi-volatile organic and inorganic analyses.
2.0 Summary
2.1 The total weight of each type of E-waste sample submitted is weighed and recorded
(waste samples of the same type can be grouped together as one sample). The E-
waste samples are dismantled and components are classified as plastic, circuit board,
or metal. Weight of each component, e.g., circuit board (with capacitors, transistors,
battery), plastic and metal should be recorded and stored in separate containers
before particle size reduction.
2.2 Each component of E-waste sample is representatively sampled, shredded, milled to
pass through a No. 10 (or No.5) sieve, mixed for homogeneity, and then sampled for
the requisite extraction or digestion procedures.
2.3 Particle size reduction is achieved by milling and grinding to the required mesh size.
An appropriate shredder and mill or grinder is used for this process.
2.4 Interferences from carry over from one waste to another must be minimized by
cleaning the equipment with dry wood chips and pressurized air. All containers must
be clean and free of organic and inorganic substances. Small milling or grinding
units may be cleaned as described in HML SOP 704-S.
3.0 Safety
3.1 Sample preparation should be performed in a well ventilated high ceiling room.
3.2 Nitrile gloves may be worn for hand protection, but must not come in contact with
the sample, or the interior of the sample containers, to avoid contamination.
3.3 Use safety glasses or goggles when shredding and milling or grinding the samples.
3.4 The operator must wear a dust mask and coveralls if necessary during the process.
3.5 The working area (counters, equipment, tools, etc.) should be kept clean at all times.
3.6 Operating instructions must be followed while using the shredder and/or grinder.
4.0 Apparatus and Materials
4.1 Hand tools for dismantling e.g. special screw drivers for electronic products, electric
drill/saw, cutters and pliers, etc.
25
4.2 Sieve No. 10 mesh (2 mm), Sieve No. 18 (1 mm) and 9.5 mm mesh size.
4.3 Rotary mill or an automatic grinder capable of grinding small pieces of plastic and
printed circuit boards.
4.4 Electric cutter or a shredding machine capable of reducing the particle size of the
plastic material into small pieces.
4.5 Top loading balance 20 Kg capacity (accurate to +/-1.0 g).
4.6 Top loading balance 1 Kg capacity (accurate to +/- 0.2 g).
4.7 Dust masks, face shields or eye goggles.
4.8 Nitrile gloves.
4.9 Teflon or glass containers of appropriate size for storing the prepared samples.
4.10 Liquid nitrogen
4.11 Deionized water
4.12 Nitric acid, 5 percent
4.13 Acetone
5.0 Procedure
5.1 Weigh each E-waste or a group of a kind of E-waste sample and record. Dismantle
and separate into its major components, namely plastic and printed circuit boards.
Remove extraneous material like casing, nuts, screws, loose wires, metal brackets
and large capacitors.
5.1.1 Plastic and circuit board components:
Separate plastic and circuit board components (with all the electronic
components intact on the circuit board) from each type of E-waste. Record
tare and sample component weights and store separately in properly
identified glass or Teflon containers.
5.1.2 Metal components of the E-waste sample is weighed and stored in a separate
container labeled as scrap metal for recycling. No particle size reduction on
this portion of the sample.
5.2 Each component (plastic and circuit boards) is passed through the cutter/ shredder to
break down into small pieces. After this preliminary preparation step, the sample is
26
ground in a mill or grinder to a fine particle size.
5.3 Clean the equipments after processing each component. Pass dried wood chips
through the shredder/cutter and mill/grinder. Inspect equipments for left over wood
chips, then blast through the equipments with pressurized air to ensure they are
completely free of sample particles or wood chips. Wear masks and goggles.
5.4 The entire sample is sieved through the 9.5 mm, 2 mm, and 1 mm sieves
sequentially to meet the TCLP, WET and Total semivolatile analysis. Record the
weight of each fraction and store in a glass container properly labeled at 40 C.
5.5 Repeat the cleaning process as in step 5.3 after all the samples have been processed.
6 Alternative Procedure For E-waste Sample Preparation:
In case the above procedure is not possible to reduce the particle size of the samples, the
following alternative approach may be applied.
6.1 Weigh and record the total weight of each sample or a like kind group of E-waste
samples. Dismantle each sample and separate into its major components like plastic,
printed circuit board and scrap metal containing metal casing, nut, screws, large
capacitors, metal brackets and wires. Record all the weights separately and store in
separate glass or Teflon containers properly labeled.
6.1.1 Metal part of the E-waste samples is weighed and stored in a labeled plastic
container. This part of the waste is for recycling only; no particle size
reduction will be performed.
6.2 Only printed circuit boards ( with all the electronic components intact) and plastic
part of the sample were cut into smaller pieces by using all mechanical means like
the electric drill and/or diamond saw, cutters, pliers and hammers. Sometimes plastic
is hard to cut but breaking with hammer and a cutter may work out.
6.3 Small cut pieces of each waste sample were collected at random from the pile of
broken pieces and were frozen separately in liquid nitrogen for 2 hours to facilitate
further breaking and crushing.
6.4 The frozen pieces were crushed into smaller size by using the cutters, hammers,
pestle mortal and a hydraulic press if necessary to achieve the finer particle size that
should pass through 9.5 mm sieve. Record the final weight of the sample prepared
by this procedure and store in a glass or Teflon container at 4oC.
6.5 Clean all the equipment by rinsing with DI water, 5 percent nitric acid, DI water and
acetone in series and air dry before using for the next sample.
6.6 Sieved portions of the sample should be used to perform the organic and inorganic
27
analysis.
7 Quality Control
Although most of these QC requirements are defined in analytical procedures, some
additional requirements have been introduced to check the efficiency, precision and
accuracy of all the procedures. A sample batch is defined as a group of 10 samples or
fewer, that is processed together and is comprised of samples of similar matrix.
7.1 With a batch of each matrix type (plastic and circuit boards) of E-waste, one method
blank should be included, containing all the reagents and processed with the sample
batch.
7.2 In a batch of each matrix type of E-waste, one sample must be prepared in sufficient
quantity by using one of the above particle size reduction methods. Divide this
sample into three portions.
7.3 One portion of the sample (7.2) should be analyzed as unspiked to check the
background contamination (plastic or circuit board). The other two portions should
be used for matrix spike and matrix spike duplicate.
7.4 A method standard is run containing all the elements/compounds of interest with
each batch of samples. Standards from the same vendor must be used as that used for
matrix spike and matrix spike duplicate. Spiking standards must be acquired from the
vendor other than the calibrating standards.
7.5 In a batch, one sample (different than one used for MS, MSD) should be run in
triplicate for each matrix the precision and homogeneity of the sample preparation
method. (Additional QC).
8.0 References
8.1 Title 22. California Code of Regulations, Article 3. 66261
8.2 HML - SOP 704S: Operation and cleaning of automated milling equipment.
9.0 Acknowledgement
This SOP was developed and written by the staff of Hazardous Materials Laboratory,
California Department of Toxic Substances Control. For more information please call
Jarnail Garcha at (510) 540-3468.
28
Appendix - B
Table QC-I Quality Control and MS & MSD Results for Total Metals
E- Spike
Sample waste Level
Sb As Ba Be Cd Cr Co Cu Pb Mo Ni Se Ag Tl V Zn
Number Type Batch # (mg/L)
3G18008
Blank BLK5 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
3G18008BS
LCS 1 50.6 48.4 49.1 52.0 48.2 49.7 49.8 49.2 49.2 49.4 51.0 47.2 47.8 48.1 50 49.0
50.0
% Rec 101 96.8 98.2 104 96.4 99.4 99.6 98.4 98.4 98.8 102 94.4 95.6 96.2 100 98
5 VCR 2900 ND 940 20 4.8 9.1 7.6 81000 12000 2.9 240 ND 230 ND ND 5300
3G18008
MS 50.0 3930 38.8 1510 51.8 50.7 56.0 55.8 120000 9460 34.4 330 36.1 88.8 36.5 ND 7790
MS1
3G18008
MSD MSD1 50.0 3440 39.3 323 53.0 48.9 138 53.8 83800 8460 37.5 424 33.5 165 42.9 ND 3020
%Rec
MS 3G18008 NR 77.6 NR 63.6 91.8 93.8 96.4 NR NR 63.0 180 72.2 NR 73 NR
QM-4X QM-4X QM-07 QM-4X QM-4X QM-07 QM-4X QM-07 QM-07 QM-07 QM-07 QM-07
%Rec
MSD 3G18008 NR 79.6 NR 66 88.2 258 92.4 NR NR 69.2 368 67 NR 85.8 NR
QM-4X QM-4X QM-07 QM-07 QM-4X QM-4X QM-07 QM-4X QM-07 QM-07 QM-07 QM-4X
RPD 13.3 1.28 130 2.29 3.61 84.5 3.65 35.5 11.2 8.62 24.9 7.47 60.0 16.1 88.3
3H06021
Blank BLK1 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
3H06021
1
46.3
LCS BS1 48.4 42.0 44.0 44.6 45.5 45.6 46.9 47.2 44.3 45.7 45.0 44.6 43.7 45.2 45.6
50.0
% Rec 96.8 84.0 88.0 92.6 89.2 91.0 91.2 93.8 94.4 88.6 91.4 90.0 89.2 87.4 90.4 91.2
Cell
19 Phone 1200 5.2 1600 230 1.7 30 78 120000 5200 13 2000 ND 220 ND ND 2600
3H06021
MS MS1 50.0 1300 33.3 1950 620 44.7 85.1 166 138000 3570 17.1 1790 39.8 123 35.7 ND ND
3H06021
MSD MSD1 50.0 944 18.5 791 47.0 43.5 64.7 544 95400 2540 5.45 776 32.7 124 35.1 ND ND
%Rec
MS 200 56.2 700 780 86.0 110 176 NR NR 8.20 NR 79.6 NR 71.4 NR
QM-4X QM-07 QM-07 QM-06 QM-07 QM-4X QM-4X QM-07 QM-4X QM-07 QM-07 QM-07 QM-07
%Rec
MSD NR 26.6 NR NR 83.6 69.4 932 NR NR NR NR 65.4 NR 70.4 NR
QM-4X QM-07 QM-4X QM-06 QM-07 QM-4X QM-4X QM-4X QM-07 QM-4X QM-07 QM-07 QM-07 QM-07 QM-07
RPD 31.7 57.1 84.6 172 2.72 27.2 106 36.5 33.7 103 79.0 19.6 0.810 1.69
ND = Analyte NOT DETECTED at or above the reporting limit NR = Not Reported
QM-06 Due to noted non- homogeneity of the QC sample matrix, the MS/MSDs did not provide reliable results for accuracy and precision.
Sample results for the QC batch were accepted based on LCS/LCSD percent recoveries and RPD values.
QM-07 The spike recovery was outside control limits for the MS and/or MSD. The batch was accepted based on acceptable LCS recovery.
QM-4x The spike recovery was outside of control limits for the MS and/or MSD due to analyte concentration at 4 times or greater the spike concentration.
The QC batch was accepted based on LCS and/or LCSD recoveries within the acceptance limits.
29
Table QC-I (cont.). Quality Control and MS &MSD Results for Total Metals
E- Spike
Sample waste Level
Sb As Ba Be Cd Cr Co Cu Pb Mo Ni Se Ag Tl V Zn
Batch #
Number Type (mg/L)
3G16031
Blank ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
BLK1
3G16031
LCS BS1 50.0 50.2 47.6 50.2 50.8 47.5 50.3 50.2 49.9 49.0 48.1 49.5 45.9 49.0 49.8 50.7 48.5
% Rec 100 95.2 100 102 95 101 100 99.8 98 96.2 99 91.8 98 99.6 101 97
Cell
20 phone 160 6.2 2400 10 ND 2500 170 120000 4300 27 3000 ND 140 ND ND 3600
3G16031
MS MS1 50.0 123 47.1 1460 47.5 41.6 2640 192 95200 3130 76.1 2310 35.4 122 41.3 ND 1600
3G16031
MSD MSD1 50.0 122 56.1 5480 314 45.4 1490 239 132000 5430 58.5 4660 43.2 164 13.2 ND 2230
%Rec MS NR 81.8 NR 75 83.2 280 44 NR NR 98.2 NR 70.8 NR 82.6 NR
QM-07 QM-06 QM-06 QM-06 QM-07 QM-06 QM-06 QM-07 QM-06 QM-07 QM-07
%Rec
MSD NR 99.8 NR 608 90.8 NR 138 NR NR 63 NR 86.4 48 26.4 NR
QM-07 QM-06 QM-06 QM-06 QM-07 QM-06 QM-06 QM-07 QM-06 QM-07
RPD 0.816 17.4 116 147 8.74 55.7 21.8 32.4 53.7 26.2 67.4 19.8 29.4 103 32.9
3G16030
Blank ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
BLK1
3G16030
LCS BS1 50.0 49.9 46.8 48.2 51.4 48.1 49.9 50.4 47.4 49.4 48.5 50.9 46.1 48.3 47.5 50.4 49.4
% Rec 99.8 93.6 96.4 103 96.2 99.8 101 94.8 98.8 97.0 102 92.2 96.6 95.0 101 98.8
28 Radio 87 ND 110 ND 7.1 ND 1.6 46000 1500 ND 74 ND 12 ND ND 280
3G16030
MS MS1 356 45.1 506 51.6 50.8 53.0 56.3 64300 5060 45.4 649 44.3 122 42.1 ND 5270
3G16030
MSD MSD1 303 40.4 448 49..0 53.2 49.6 48.8 53000 3640 38.6 245 41.9 68.4 41.3 ND 9130
%Rec MS 538 90.2 792 103 87.4 106 109 NR NR 90.8 NR 88.6 220 84.2 NR
QM-4X QM-4X QM-4X QM4X QM-4X QM-07 QM-RX QM-4X
%Rec
MSD 432 80.8 676 98.0 92.2 99.2 94.4 NR NR 77.2 342 83.8 113 82.6 NR
QM-4X QM-4X QM-4X QM-4X QM-4X QM-07 QM-RX QM-4X
RPD 16.1 11.0 12.2 5.17 4.62 6.63 14.3 19.3 32.6 16.2 90.4 5.57 56.3 1.92 53.6
ND = Analyte NOT DETECTED at or above the reporting limit NR = Not Reported
QM-06 Due to noted non- homogeneity of the QC sample matrix, the MS/MSDs did not provide reliable results for accuracy and precision.
Sample results for the QC batch were accepted based on LCS/LCSD percent recoveries and RPD values.
QM-07 The spike recovery was outside control limits for the MS and/or MSD. The batch was accepted based on acceptable LCS recovery.
QM-4x The spike recovery was outside of control limits for the MS and/or MSD due to analyte concentration at 4 times or greater the spike concentration.
The QC batch was accepted based on LCS and/or LCSD recoveries within the acceptance limits.
30
Table QC-II Quality Control and MS & MSD Results for WET-extractable elements
E- Spike
Sample waste Level
Al As Ba Be Cd Cr Cu Co Pb Mo Ni Ag Se Tl V Zn
Batch #
Number Type (mg/L)
Blank 3H07013 BLK1 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
LCS 3H07013-BS1 2.00 1.94 2.06 1.90 1.88 1.89 1.92 1.89 1.93 2.00 1.93 1.95 1.92 1.80 1.94 1.92 1.94
% Rec 97.0 103 95 94 94.5 96 94.5 96.5 100 96.5 97.5 96 90 97 96 97
7 VCR 1.5 0.23 0.31 ND ND ND ND 0.35 50 ND 2.9 ND ND 0.39 ND 3.7
MS 3H07013-MS1 2.00 11.8 2.05 11.1 1.93 1.94 1.98 1.94 1.99 0.994 1.96 1.99 1.93 1.81 1.93 1.97 1.99
3H07013-
MSD MDS1 2.00 11.8 2.11 11.1 1.94 1.95 1.98 1.95 1.99 1.01 2.00 2.00 1.94 1.82 1.96 1.98 2.00
%Rec MS 515 91.0 540 96.5 97 99 97 82.0 NR 98.0 NR 96.5 90.5 77 98.5 NR
QM-07 QM-07 QM-07 QM-07 QM-07 QM-07
%Rec
MSD 515 94.0 540 97.0 97.5 99.0 97.5 82.0 NR 100 NR 97.0 91.0 78.5 99 NR
QM-07 QM-07 QM-07 QM-07 QM-07 QM-07
RPD 0.00 2.88 00.00 0.517 0.514 0.00 0.514 0.00 1.60 2.02 0.501 0.517 0.551 1.54 0.506 0.501
Blank 3G29009BLK1 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
LCS 3G29009 BS1 2.00 2.02 1.89 1.97 1.94 1.99 1.98 1.93 2.00 1.95 1.99 2.02 1.96 1.80 2.03 1.98 2.01
% Rec 101 94.5 98.5 97.0 99.5 99.0 96.5 100 97.5 99.5 101 98.0 90.0 102 99.0 100
10 CPU 1.8 ND 2.9 ND 0.049 ND ND 0.40 6.8 ND 1.6 ND ND ND ND 6.7
MS 3G29009- MS1 2.00 3.73 1.91 4.74 1.94 2.04 2.03 1.97 2.40 9.12 2.00 3.57 1.89 1.79 2.07 1.99 8.55
3G29009-
MSD MSD1 2.00 3.76 2.00 4.72 1.94 2.05 2.05 1.96 2.39 8.56 2.00 3.58 1.89 1.83 2.15 1.99 8.56
%Rec MS 96.5 95.5 92.0 97.0 99.6 102 98.5 100 116 100 98.5 94.5 89.5 104 99.5 92.5
%Rec
MSD 98.0 100 91.0 97.0 100 102 98.0 99.5 88.0 100 99.0 94.5 91.5 108 99.5 93.0
RPD 0.801 4.60 0.423 0.00 0.489 0.980 0.509 0.418 6.33 0.00 0.280 0.00 2.21 3.79 0.00 0.117
ND = Analyte NOT DETECTED at or above the reporting limit NR = Not Reported
QM-06 Due to noted non- homogeneity of the QC sample matrix, the MS/MSDs did not provide reliable results for accuracy and precision.
Sample results for the QC batch were accepted based on LCS/LCSD percent recoveries and RPD values.
QM-07 The spike recovery was outside control limits for the MS and/or MSD. The batch was accepted based on acceptable LCS recovery.
QM-4x The spike recovery was outside of control limits for the MS and/or MSD due to analyte concentration at 4 times or greater the spike concentration.
The QC batch was accepted based on LCS and/or LCSD recoveries within the acceptance limits.
31
Table QC-II (cont). Quality Control and MS & MSD Results for WET-extractable elements
Spike
Sample E-waste Level
Al As Ba Be Cd Cr Cu Co Pb Mo Ni Ag Se Tl V Zn
Number Type Batch # (mg/L)
3G19001-
Blank BLK1 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
3G19001-
LCS BS1 2.00 1.97 2.27 1.93 1.96 2.00 1.99 1.92 2.00 1.96 1.99 2.02 1.95 1.77 2.11 1.98 2.02
% Rec 98.5 114 96.5 98.0 100 99.5 96.0 100 98.0 99.5 101 97.5 88.5 106 99.0 101
Cell
20 Phone 2.00 ND 10 ND 0.028 ND ND 4.2 6.1 ND 1.3 ND ND 0.45 ND 9.8
3G19001
MS 2.00 3.84 2.36 11.9 2.03 2.06 2.27 1.87 6.54 8.66 2.05 3.44 1.86 1.95 2.46 2.07 12.5
MS1
3G19001
MSD MSD1 2.00 3.85 2.22 11.9 2.00 2.04 2.25 1.85 6.51 8.37 2.06 3.45 1.83 1.85 2.45 2.06 12.4
%Rec MS 92.0 118 95.0 102 102 114 93.5 117 128 102 107 93.0 97.5 100 104 135
QM-07 QM-07 QM-07
%Rec
MSD 92.5 111 95.0 100 101 112 92.5 116 114 103 108 91.5 92.5 100 103 130
QM-07 QM-07 QM-07
RPD 0.260 6.11 0.00 1.49 0.976 0.885 1.08 0.460 3.41 0.487 0.290 1.63 5.26 0.407 0.484 0.803
3H27033
Blank -BLK1 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
3H27033
LCS BS1 2.00 1.95 1.86 1.91 1.92 1.97 1.98 1.95 1.97 1.94 1.95 2.13 1.93 2.01 1.99 1.94 2.01
% Rec 97.5 93.0 93.5 96.0 98.5 99.0 97.5 98.5 97.0 97.5 106 96.5 100 99.5 97.0 100
Microwave
1 Oven 0.23 ND 0.15 ND ND ND 1.8 ND 67 ND 3.7 ND 0.02 ND ND 10.0
3H27033
MS 2.00 2.18 1.91 2.06 1.90 1.93 1.95 3.86 1.97 73.5 1.91 5.88 1.90 1.91 1.98 1.97 12.7
3H27033
MSD 2.00 2.20 2.02 2.07 1.92 1.95 1.98 3.86 2.00 73.7 1.94 5.91 1.93 1.94 1.92 1.98 12.7
%Rec MS 97.5 95.5 95.5 95.0 96.5 97.5 103 98.5 325 95.5 109 95.0 94.6 99.0 98.5 135
QM-4X QM-4X
%Rec
MSD 98.5 101 96.0 96.0 97.5 99.0 103 100 335 97.0 110 96.5 96.0 96.0 99.0 135
QM-4X QM-4X
RPD 0.913 5.60 0.484 1.05 1.03 1.53 0.00 1.51 0.272 1.56 0.509 1.57 1.56 3.08 0.506 0.00
ND = Analyte NOT DETECTED at or above the reporting limit NR = Not Reported
QM-06 Due to noted non- homogeneity of the QC sample matrix, the MS/MSDs did not provide reliable results for accuracy and precision.
Sample results for the QC batch were accepted based on LCS/LCSD percent recoveries and RPD values.
QM-07 The spike recovery was outside control limits for the MS and/or MSD. The batch was accepted based on acceptable LCS recovery.
QM-4x The spike recovery was outside of control limits for the MS and/or MSD due to analyte concentration at 4 times or greater the spike concentration.
The QC batch was accepted based on LCS and/or LCSD recoveries within the acceptance limits.
32
Table QC-II (cont.). Quality Control and MS & MSD Results for WET-extractable elements
Spike
Sample E-waste Level
Al As Ba Be Cd Cr Cu Co Pb Mo Ni Ag Se Tl V Zn
Number Type Batch # (mg/L)
3J08004
Blank BLK1 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
LCS 3J08004 2.00 2.00 2.00 1.96 1.96 1.99 1.99 1.96 1.99 1.97 1.97 2.01 1.96 2.00 1.96 1.98 2.01
% Rec 100 100 98.0 98.0 99.5 99.5 98.0 99.5 98.5 98.5 100 98.0 100 98.0 99.0 100
8 VCR 3J08004 2.00 ND 0.24 ND 0.016 ND 0.16 ND 24 ND 2.3 ND ND ND ND 94
MS 3J08004 2.00 4.04 1.95 2.23 1.95 2.01 2.05 2.14 2.13 22.6 2.03 4.36 1.89 1.76 2.05 1.99 97.4
MSD 3J08004 2.00 3.96 2.15 2.22 1.98 2.00 2.06 2.15 2.14 25.7 2.02 4.33 1.88 1.94 2.08 2.01 95.5
%Rec MS 102 97.5 99.5 97.5 99.7 102 99.0 106 -70 102 103 94.5 88.0 102 99.5 170
QM-4X QM-4X
%Rec
MSD 98.0 108 99.0 99.0 99.2 103 99.5 107 85.0 101 102 94.0 97.0 104 100 75
QM-4X
RPD 2.00 9.76 0.449 1.53 0.499 0.487 0.466 0.468 12.8 0.494 0.690 0.531 9.73 1.45 1.00 1.97
ND = Analyte NOT DETECTED at or above the reporting limit NR = Not Reported
QM-06 Due to noted non- homogeneity of the QC sample matrix, the MS/MSDs did not provide reliable results for accuracy and precision.
Sample results for the QC batch were accepted based on LCS/LCSD percent recoveries and RPD values.
QM-07 The spike recovery was outside control limits for the MS and/or MSD. The batch was accepted based on acceptable LCS recovery.
QM-4x The spike recovery was outside of control limits for the MS and/or MSD due to analyte concentration at 4 times or greater the spike concentration.
The QC batch was accepted based on LCS and/or LCSD recoveries within the acceptance limits.
33
Table III-Quality Control and MS & MSD Results for TCLP-extractable elements
Collector鈥檚 Spike Level
Sample #: E-waste Type Batch No. (mg/L) As Ba Cd Cr Pb Se Ag
Blank 3G28019 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
LCS 3G28019-BS1 0.800 0.752 1.55 0.701 0.780 0.714 0.753 0.714
1
194
% Rec 94 87.6 97.5 89.2 94.1 89.2
Blank 3I03033-BLK1 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
LCS 3I03033-BS1 0.800 0.801 0.740 0.785 0.768 0.770 0.749 0.759
% Rec 100 92.5 98.1 96.0 96.2 93.6 94.9
Microwave
1 ND 0.058 ND ND 13 ND ND
Oven
3
13.4
MS 3I03033-MS1 0.800 0.790 0.796 0.788 0.770 0.681 0.762
3
13.0
MSD 3I03033-MSD1 0.800 0.811 0.785 0.768 0.755 0.741 0.744
%Rec MS 98.8 92.2 98.5 96.2 50 85.1 95.2
3
% Rec MSD 101 90.9 96.0 94.4 0.00 92.6 93.0
RPD 2.62 1.39 2.57 1.97 3.03 8.44 2.39
Blank 3J10010-BLK1 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
LCS 3J10010 BS1 0.800 0.892 1.44 0.848 0.849 0.860 0.884 0.796
1
180
% Rec 112 106 106 108 110 99.5
8 VCR 3J10010 ND 0.73 0.0081 ND 100 ND ND
MS 3J10010-MS1 0.800 0.941 1.56 0.815 0.842 112 0.901 0.665
MSD 3J10010-MSD1 0.800 0.833 1.48 0.790 0.797 103 0.824 0.759
1 3
118 NR
%Rec MS 104 101 105 113 83.1
3
375
% Rec MSD 104 93.8 97.7 99.6 103 94.9
RPD 12.2 5.26 3.12 5.49 8.37 8.93 13.2
Blank 3H07021-BLK1 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
LCS 3H07021-BS1 0.800 0.752 0.778 0.805 0.788 0.790 0.702 0.772
% Rec 94.0 97.2 101 98.5 98.8 87.8 96.5
7 VCR ND 0.17 ND ND 110 ND ND
MS 3H07021-MS1 0.800 0.811 0.956 0.816 0.819 114 0.714 0.783
MSD 3H07021-MSD1 0.800 0.837 0.958 0.820 0.826 114 0.756 0.785
3
500
%Rec MS 101 98.2 102 102 89.2 97.9
3
500
% Rec MSD 105 98.5 102 103 94.5 98.1
RPD 3.16 0.209 0.489 0.851 0.00 5.71 0.255
1
= Q-LIM The percent recovery was outside of the control limits. The sample results may still be useful for their intended purpose.
2
= QM-07 The spike recovery was outside control limits for the MS and/or MSD. The batch was accepted based on acceptable LCS recovery.
3
= QM-4x The spike recovery was outside of control limits for the MS and/or MSD due to analyte concentration at 4 times or greater
the spike concentration. The QC batch was accepted based on LCS and/or LCSD recoveries within the acceptance limits.
ND Analyte NOT DETECTED at or above the reporting limit.
34
Appendix C
Sample Dismantling Tools Sample Milling Device
Sample separated into plastic & millable parts. Sample collection in a stainless steel container
during milling process.
Grounded Sample transferred into glass containers & Cleaning of milling device after each operation.
ready for analysis
35
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