Liquid Crystal System for Manufacture of
Personal Care Cleansing Products
The Liquid Crystal System provides a simple way of producing a variety of Personal
Care Cleansing Products of consistent quality. The use of one Liquid Crystal
Concentrate plus Conditioning Additive allows you to efficiently and cost
effectively manufacture a range of cleansing products including Shower Gels,
Shampoos and Foam Baths. Pearlised cleansing products can be produced by the
addition of Liquid Pearl, thereby increasing the number of possible variants.
Simply dilute the Liquid Crystal Concentrate with water, add perfume, colour and
preservative of your choice and thicken your product by adding common salt. Liquid
Crystal Concentrate is highly active with typical use levels of around 20 to 30 %. It
has good clarity and low colour. Although highly active, it has a low viscosity, making
it readily pourable or pumpable. Manufacturing efficiencies are readily achievable.
Liquid Crystal Concentrate is a careful blend of anionic and non-ionic surfactants
with foam boosters and stabilisers, together with skin and hair conditioning agents
that have a long history of use in Personal Care Cleansing Products. It is balanced to
neutral pH and will produce copious amounts of dense, creamy lather that can be
rinsed away easily and completely.
By adjusting the quantity of Liquid Crystal Concentrate and the addition of
Conditioning Additive and Liquid Pearl, at various percentages, several different
products can be produced with different characteristics and levels of cost
effectiveness.
Liquid Crystal Concentrate Ingredient Listing
%
INCI Name Function
wiw
Aqua Water (diluent) 25 - 50%
Sodium laureth sulfate Surfactant for cleansing and 25 - 50%
foaming.
Propylene glycol Humectant and modifying 0.2 5%
viscosity.
Sodium chloride Modifying viscosity 0.2 5%
Cocamine oxide Surfactant for modifying 0.2 5%
lather and conditioning.
Cocamidopropyl betaine Surfactant for modifying 0.2 5%
lather and mildness.
Citric acid For modifying the pH 0.2 5%
Polyquaternium-7 Conditioning of hair & skin <1.0%
Methylchloroisothiazoline, Preservative System <0.1%
(9ppm
Methylisothiazolinone,
total
Magnesium chloride, active
Magnesium nitrate ingredients
Formulation & Manufacturing Guidelines
The following formulations are suggested guidelines for production of quality
products of medium cost effectiveness and should be tested for stability and
packaging compatibility.
Standard Foam Bath
Ingredient % w/w
1. Water
25
2. Liquid Crystal Concentrate
Mix well between additions (See manufacturing tips).
3. Preservative(See manufacturing tips). as required
4. Liquid Pearl (if required) 1.2
5. Perfume 1.0
Adjust pH if required (See manufacturing tips).
6. Colour (See manufacturing tips). as required
* as
7. Salt
required
* Common salt should be added in small amounts to increase viscosity. Trials will be
needed to establish the correct amount to add.
Do not add too much salt or the product will go cloudy!
Liquid Crystal Concentrate is not designed to be used undiluted. It should be
diluted as per the guidelines; otherwise in its undiluted form it may cause skin
irritation
Standard Shower Gel
Ingredient % w/w
1. Water
25
2. Liquid Crystal Concentrate
Mix well between additions (See manufacturing tips).
3. Preservative(See manufacturing tips). as required
4. Liquid Pearl (if required) 1.2
5. Conditioning Additive 0.1
6. Perfume 1.0
* as
7.Colour (see manufacturing tips)
required
* as
8.Salt
required
Standard Shampoo
Ingredient % w/w
1. Water
2. Liquid Crystal Concentrate 25
Mix well between additions (See manufacturing tips).
3. Preservative(See manufacturing tips). as required
4. Liquid Pearl (if required) 1.2
5. Conditioning additive 0.2
6. Perfume 1.0
7. Colour (See manufacturing tips). as required
* as
8. Salt
required
Manufacturing Tips
Adding and Mixing the Liquid Crystal Concentrate and Other
Ingredients
Add the water into the manufacturing vessel and turn on your stirrers. While
stirring, slowly pour the Liquid Crystal Concentrate and mix until it completely
dissolves. Take a sample and check it is free from gel-like lumps and looks
clear. Conditioning Additive, Liquid Pearl, Colour and Fragrance should be
added before thickening with salt. Ensure you mix well between additions.
If warm water is available, then use at 30-40潞C to speed up manufacture, by
enabling the Liquid Crystal Concentrate and other ingredients such as
fragrance to dissolve and clear faster.
Take care with the speed of stirring as it should be sufficient to thoroughly
dissolve the liquid crystal concentrate and other ingredients but not too quick
to produce copious amounts of froth.
Preservation
Liquid Crystal Concentrate contains a preservative to protect it from microbial
contamination, however once diluted, this may not be sufficient.
All water-based personal care cleansers including Shower Gels, Shampoos
and Bubble Baths are susceptible to microbial contamination, due to the types
of ingredients used and the large amount of water that is added to the
formulation. Many natural ingredients have a high microbial count or can be a
source for microbial growth once incorporated into your formulation, so it is
suggested that their concentration is kept as low as possible and/or extra
preservative is added.
It is advisable to add the preservative early on in the manufacturing process.
Some preservatives, however, are sensitive to pH and if this is the case then
add preservative after pH adjustment.
High standards of hygiene and good manufacturing practice should be used.
It is suggested that purified water is used to help reduce the risk of microbial
contamination. If a water purification system is not available it is suggested
that the water be boiled first and allowed to cool to 50潞C before use.
Fragrances
When adding fragrance, ensure that the fragrance is completely dissolved and
the product is clear before adding colour or salt. It is much easier to dissolve
high concentrations of fragrance if warm water is used for the dilutions.
Your choice of fragrance can affect your product in several ways and can
cause instability problems. Fragrances may affect the viscosity of the finished
product. Many Fragrances may thicken the finished product but some may
cause thinning. Fragrances can also cause discolouration immediately or over
time.
Colours
Colour should be added once the fragrance has been added and your product
clears. Once your colour has been thoroughly stirred in and your product is
homogenous, then the salt can be added. It is easier to evenly distribute your
colour throughout your shower gel before thickening with salt.
Water soluble dyes approved for use in cosmetic formulations should be
used.
Adjusting pH
Liquid Crystal Concentrate is supplied at approximately neutral pH and
adjustment of pH to your diluted product is not required. If you wish to adjust
the pH of your diluted product, then first carry out laboratory trials.
Please note that modifying the pH can modify the viscosity, so adjust pH
before thickening by salt addition.
Thickening Your Cleansing Product
Sodium chloride (common salt) should be used to thicken your diluted
cleansing product. Typically you may require around 1-2% of salt however,
Laboratory trials are needed to establish how much is required for each
formulation, as different ingredients such as fragrances will affect the viscosity
and subsequently will affect the required amount of salt
It is suggested that you take a 500g sample of your diluted shower gel and stir
in a small amount of salt e.g. 0.5 to 1g and continue adding (e.g. 0.5 to 1 g)
until it thickens sufficiently. Wait for the air bubbles to rise to the surface
before checking the viscosity.
If adding salt does not sufficiently thicken your shower gel then thicker
products can be made using more Liquid Crystal Concentrate in your
formulation. If more Liquid Crystal Concentrate is used, less salt will be
needed to thicken the final product.
Thickening An Over-Salted Cleansing Product
If too much salt is added accidentally and a thin cloudy product has resulted
the product can be recovered as follows:
1. Add more water to the cloudy product, a little at a time, stirring between
additions until the product clears.
2. Now add small amounts of Liquid Crystal Concentrate until the required
thickness is achieved.
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