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Summary
This guide outlines ways of developing and implementing
an emergency response plan. To be able to deal with
emergencies when they occur, it is important that you
develop and implement a plan in advance.
The objective of an emergency response plan is to be
prepared to deal with unforeseen situations such as
fires, chemical spills, explosions, floods, injury, illness
and other crisis situations. Such a plan is essential to
protect health, lives, property and the environment.
The plan outlines actions that employers and employees
must take in the event of an emergency situation to
ensure employee safety and to minimize property
damage.
An emergency plan should be specifically tailored to
your worksite. It must include ways of dealing with all
potential emergencies that can occur in your workplace.
The plan must clearly outline the procedures to be
followed in the event of an emergency. Such procedures
include:
S ways to alert employees;
S reporting emergencies;
S evacuation;
S designated assembly locations;
S contact people and their telephone numbers;
S first aid and medical assistance;
S clean-up and business resumption;
S business continuity;
S employee training;
S ways of testing the plan (drills); and
S communication with media, community and
employees and their families.
A disorganized and unprepared approach to dealing
with emergencies may result in confusion, loss of
lives, injury, financial or business losses, and property
damage.
Table of Contents
Section I Emergency Response Overview
1. Emergency Situations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2. Emergency Response Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3. Cornerstones of an Emergency Plan . . . . . . . 5
4. Developing the Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Section II Establishing the Planning Team
1. Creating the Planning Team . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2. Establishing an Emergency Response Policy . 16
Section III Assessing Risk & Capability
1. Performing Hazard Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2. Assessing Company Capabilities . . . . . . . . . 32
Section IV Developing the Emergency Response Plan
1. Objectives and Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
2. Response Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
3. Alarm Activation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
4. Reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
5. Resource Mobilization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
6. Response Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
7. Crisis Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
8. Developing a Media Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
9. Business Recovery Plans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
10. Cleanup and Restoration Plans . . . . . . . . . . 99
Section V Plan Implementation
1. Personnel Training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
2. Drills and Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
3. Evaluating Exercise Effectiveness . . . . . . . 109
Section VI Continuous Improvement
1. Incident Follow-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
2. Tips for Continuous Improvement . . . . . . 115
Section VII Standards & Resources
1. Key References for Additional Information . 118
2. NFPA Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
3. Fire Code Inspection Requirements . . . . . . 125
4. Emergency Response Organizations . . . . . 142
The mission statement should:
DEFINE the purpose of the plan and indicate that it
will involve the entire organization.
DEFINE the authority and structure of the planning
team.
PROMOTE an atmosphere of cooperation by
鈥渁uthorizing鈥? the planning team to take the steps
necessary to develop the plan.
ESTABLISH a clear line of authority between team
members and the team leader, though not so rigid
as to prevent the free flow of ideas.
ESTABLISH a work schedule and planning deadlines.
Timelines can be modified as priorities become
more clearly defined.
PROVIDE resources for research, printing, seminars,
consulting services and other expenses that may be
necessary during the development process.
Teamwork promotes a broader perspective
15
S release of toxic substances;
S exposure to ionizing radiation;
S loss of electrical power;
S loss of water supply; and
S loss of communication.
Determine the Worst-Case Scenario
Determine the consequences that could possibly arise
from the use of the materials coming into, or leaving
the process. For each identified hazard write down the
worst consequences that could happen, such as:
1. Fire causes death.
2. Contact with live electrical wire causes death.
The descriptions used should be as realistic and
graphic as possible. Following are some examples:
S A small fire could start in the electrical room and
cause the destruction of the facility.
S Hazardous material spills or releases can cause
severe illness and death.
S Highway accidents can cause a large number of
casualties.
S Bomb threats pose potential threat to life and
the facility.
S Smoke can kill.
S Terrorism can strike anywhere.
Assess the Risk
Perform a risk assessment for your facility events.
For each identified scenario, determine the risk.
Ask these two simple questions:
What is the severity of the consequence?
What is the probability of the event?
25
Sample
Sample Bomb Threat Report Form Q
* * * LISTEN. DO NOT INTERUPT THE CALLER * * *
W
Name: Time: Date:
W
Caller Identity: K Male K Female Age:
Origin of Call: K Local K Long Distance K Booth K Internal W
Voice Speech Langage
K Loud K Fast K Excellent
K High Pitch K Distinct K Fair
W
K Raspy K Stutter K Foul
K Drunk K Slurred K Good W
K Soft K Slow K Poor
K Deep K Distorted K Other
K Pleasant K Nasal
W
K Other K Other
Background
Accent Manner W
K Office Machine(s)
K Locale K Calm
K Factory Equipment
K Foreign K Rational
H
K Bedlam
K Race K Coherent
K Animals
K Non local K Deliberate
K Quiet
K Region K Righteous
K Mixed
K Other K Angry
K Street traffic
K Irrationnal
O
K Aeroplanes
K Incoherent
K Party noise
K Emotional
K Trains
K Laughing
K Music
K Other
K Voices
* * * K E E P C A L L E R TA L K I N G ***
74
All employees must free up all outside
telephone lines whenever there is an
alarm situation.
Communication with the general public
The public must be kept informed about the emergency
situation. Response procedures must ensure:
S accurate information; and
S timely information.
In order to avoid the release of confusing,
contradictory, or misleading information, only
authorized persons should speak to the media on
behalf of the company.
The responsibility for the release of names of affected
persons must be clearly designated. Such names must
never be released before the company has contacted
the next of kin.
All persons authorized to release information
to the media should receive proper training
in communicating with the media.
The following are some helpful guidelines for
communicating with media:
ESTABLISH a media centre.
RESTRICT access to the media centre.
DENY facility access to the media and the public during
an emergency situation.
INSTRUCT employees to direct the media and the
public to the media centre, or provide a contact
telephone number of the person responsible for
communicating with the media.
89
10. Cleanup and Restoration Plans
As soon as incident investigations are completed,
cleanup and restoration activities should commence.
The procedures must designate the person(s) who are
responsible for the following activities:
S ensuring the safety of cleanup personnel;
S directing the repair, cleanup and restoration of
utilities and of salvage activities;
S coordinating the activities of contractors and
vendors and supply all necessary reference
information;
S replacing or restoring all emergency equipment
and supplies as necessary;
S expediting all orders for equipment, supplies,
and services;
S monitoring and recording all costs related to
recovery activities;
S arranging temporary storage facilities for damaged
equipment and materials to facilitate inspection
by insurance personnel; and
S maintaining documentation and reports.
The list of activities suggested above should be
customized to suit the particular needs of your business.
There are many organizations that provide specialized
recovery services. Local resources should be identified
and procedures to secure these resources, if needed,
should be developed. Areas to address might include:
S recovery from water damage including mold
removal, drying paper documents;
S recovery of electronic data and computer systems
following fire, smoke, electrical power surges or
water damage;
99
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