LT-115-11-02E
Summary
In every Canadian jurisdiction, health Definitions
and safety legislation holds employers
accountable for ensuring the health and In this publication, 鈥渉azard鈥? and 鈥渞isk鈥?
safety of their employees. They are are defined as follows:
responsible for assessing the health and
safety risk (chance that somebody will Hazard means anything that can cause
be harmed) of a job. Based on this harm. Examples of hazards include toxic
assessment, they must implement safety chemicals, moving machinery parts,
measures to eliminate or mitigate any high-voltage electricity, working at
risks to their employees. Job safety heights, temperature extremes, slippery
analysis (JSA) is a proactive approach to work-surfaces.
ensuring health and safety in the
workplace. The JSA process provides a Risk means the chance that someone
way of identifying job-related hazards will be harmed by the hazard.
and determining preventive measures.
This involves carefully analyzing each
task of a job, identifying potential health
and safety hazards at each step, and
determining practical ways of
preventing or mitigating such hazards.
These preventive measures can then be
integrated into an employer鈥檚 work
practices and procedures for the job.
This publication outlines the basic
concept of JSA and provides a step-by-
step procedure for performing a JSA
according to two simple techniques:
change analysis and the energy-barrier
approach (see the flow chart on the next
page). Examples of job safety analysis
for some common jobs are presented.
These examples are intended to illustrate
the application of JSA and do not
necessarily include a comprehensive list
of all potential hazards and related
preventive measures. In addition,
compliance with applicable occupational
health and safety regulations must be
considered as a part of the overall JSA.
HRDC 鈥? Labour Program 3 CCOHS
Table of Contents
Summary .....................................................................................................................3
Job Safety Analysis Flow-Chart ..............................................................................4
Introduction ................................................................................................................7
1. What is a Job Safety Analysis..............................................................................8
2. How to Perform a Job Safety Analysis...............................................................9
Step 1: What important factors should be considered in selecting a job for JSA? ...鈥︹?︹?︹?︹??9
Step 2: How are the basic tasks of a job established? .......... 鈥︹?︹?︹?︹?︹?︹?︹?︹?︹?︹?︹?︹?︹??.9
Step 3: How are the potential hazards identified? ............... 鈥︹?︹?︹?︹?︹?︹?︹?︹?︹?︹?︹?︹?︹??11
Step 4: How are preventive measures determined?.....鈥︹?︹?︹?︹?︹?︹?︹?︹?︹?︹?︹?︹?︹?︹?︹??18
Step 5: How should I communicate the JSA information to everyone else? ..........鈥︹?︹?︹?︹??23
3. How and When to Use Job Safety Analysis.....................................................24
4. Follow-up and Review of a Job Safety Analysis .............................................25
5. References .............................................................................................................26
6. Examples of Job Safety Analysis.......................................................................27
1. Transportation of dangerous goods (TDG) ......................... 鈥︹?︹?︹?︹?︹?︹?︹?︹?︹?︹?︹?︹??28
2. Climbing trucks to inspect levels of substance in snow and rain .................................... 鈥︹??29
3. Handling of heavy objects in ports and storage................................ 鈥︹?︹?︹?︹?︹?︹?︹?︹??...30
4. Machine maintenance...........鈥︹?︹?︹?︹?︹?︹?︹?︹?︹?︹?︹?︹?︹?︹?︹?︹?︹?︹?︹?︹?︹?︹?︹??...31
5. Working at heights on communication towers......................................................................... 32
6. Improvisation of tasks ...................................................................................................... 鈥︹??.33
Appendix A: Sample Form for Job Safety Analysis...........................................34
Appendix B: Step-by-step Instructions for Job Safety Analysis ......................35
Appendix C: Practical Tips for Performing Job Safety Analysis and its
Implementation.................................................................................36
HRDC 鈥? Labour Program 5 CCOHS
Such parameters can be:
The "What if" analysis involves conducting
a thorough and systematic examination of
each task by asking questions that begin 鉂? a sensory signal: e.g., colour, shape
with "What if鈥??" The formulation of the of object, emitted sound, odour, light
exact questions is left up to those conducting
level, position of handle, height of
the examination
pedal.
Helpful Tips for Change Analysis 鉂? a process specification: e.g.,
pressure, temperature, concentration,
For a specific task, identify the task or
flow rate.
process parameters to be investigated for
changes (normally one parameter). 鉂? a dynamic component: e.g., motion,
sequence, pace, speed change,
Apply the guide words to this parameter
friction.
in order to qualify or quantify the
changes. 鉂? a force or mass: e.g., electrical
power, chemical energy, torque,
Identify and assess the consequences of
impulse, impact.
the changes in terms of risk.
鉂? a geometric value and time: e.g.,
Task parameters are easy to find. Look location, dimensions, rate.
at the task and find parameters to be
controlled in order for the task to be
performed normally.
Table 2. Guide words for "What if" questions.
HRDC 鈥? Labour Program 12 CCOHS
Energy Barrier and Unwanted Energy Flow
Figure 1. Barriers for unwanted energy flow from an energy source to a person.
(Adapted from the CSA Z796-98 Standard)
Figure 2. Illustration of energy-barrier approach to describe control measures.
(Adapted from the CSA Z796-98 Standard)
HRDC 鈥? Labour Program 20 CCOHS
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