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Performance Products

Metalworking Chemicals
Product Information
Huntsman Metalworking Chemicals


Table of Contents Page
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
Huntsman Capabilities
Huntsman Products


Amines for the Metalworking Industry . . . . . . . . . .4
Comparison of Important Properties
DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent
Bis-(hydroxyethyl) methyl amine (BHEMA)
SURFONAMINE® MW-781 Amine
XTA-771
Ethanolamines
Other Amines


Surfactants for the Metalworking Industry . . . . . .29
Alkylphenol Ethoxylates
Alcohol Alkoxylates
EO/PO Block Copolymers
Alcohol Ethoxylates
Fatty Acid and Castor Oil Ethoxylates
Phosphate Esters
Formulated Emulsifiers


Other Products for the Metalworking Industry . . .45
Alkylate H-230L
JEFFOX® WL-series Functional Fluids
Glycols


Regional Product Offerings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50
Contact Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54




DEHSCOFIX®, DGA®, DIGLYCOLAMINE®, EMPICOL®, EMPILAN®, EMPIPHOS®, JEFFAMINE®, JEFFOX®,
LAUREX®, POGOL®, SURFOL®, SURFONAMINE®, and SURFONIC® are registered trademarks of
Huntsman Corporation or an affiliate thereof in one or more, but not all, countries.

DMDGAâ„? is a trademark of Huntsman Corporation of an affiliate thereof in one or more, but not all, countries.

CORFREE® is a trademark of Invista North America.

TEFLON® is a trademark of E. I. DuPont de Nemours & Company.

VITON® is a trademark of DuPont Dow Elastomers LLC.




1
SECTION 1



Introduction


Huntsman Capabilities our products worldwide, assisted by an extensive
distributor network.
Huntsman is committed to producing a broad range of
the highest quality amines, surfactants and related
Huntsman is an innovative supplier. With the support
chemicals for the metalworking industry, and is the
of state of the art research, development and pilot
logical choice to be your key supplier for the formulation
facilities we will work closely with you to help
of your metalworking fluids.
formulate products that meet your exacting needs.
Huntsman is an integrated supplier, producing not only
Huntsman Products
the finished amines and surfactants but many of the
Huntsman manufactures a broad range of amines,
basic raw materials used to manufacture those products.
surfactants, and related products essential in
formulating metalworking fluids. Table 1.1 lists
Huntsman is a global supplier, manufacturing
primary application areas for each of the product
products for the metalworking industry in the United
types. Similar tables including trademarked product
States, Australia, and multiple European countries.
names by region can be found in Section 5.
Our skilled and knowledgeable sales force markets




2
Introduction


Table 1.1 - Huntsman Products for the Metalworking Industry




Hard Water Tolerance Aids
Metal Cleaning Aids
Corrosion Inhibitors




Anti-mist Additives
Lubricity Additives
Alkalinity Control




Coupling Agents



Anti-Foamants




Intermediates
Emulsifiers
Product

Primary Amines

Tertiary Amines

Polyetheramines

Linear Alcohols

Alcohol Ethoxylates

Alcohol Alkoxylates

Alkylphenol Ethoxylates

Fatty Acid Ethoxylates

Castor Oil Ethoxylates

EO/PO Block and Reverse
Block Copolymers

Phosphate Esters

Sodium Isethionate

Functional Fluids

Glycols

Glycol Ethers




3
SECTION 2



Amines for the Metalworking Industry


Huntsman is a major integrated supplier of amines, metalworking. A comparison of cobalt leaching by
many of which have application in the metalworking commonly used metalworking amines is plotted in
industry. We have developed and continue to support Figure 2.2.
our amine process technologies in fully equipped
laboratories and pilot facilities in the United States The pH measurements on solutions of various amines at
and Europe. This section demonstrates our ongoing several different concentrations in water are given in Table
commitment to our amine customers in the 2.4. These data are indicative of the relative efficiency of
metalworking industry. the amines as alkalinity control agents. Generally,
DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent is less alkaline than MEA and
Included in Section 2 is information on various MIPA. It is somewhat more alkaline than either DEA or
amines commonly used in the metalworking industry. DIPA (diispropanolamine).
The first part of this section contains comparison
data for these amines while the last part of this Titration curves are presented for several of the more
section individually discusses several Huntsman common metalworking amines with some of the more
amines used in the metalworking industry. These common metalworking acids in Figures 2.3, 2.4 and 2.5.
products include DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent, bis-
(hydroxyethyl) methyl amine (BHEMA), SURFON- Boric acid is a well-known component of metalworking
AMINE® MW-781 amine, triethanolamine (TEA), fluids, which imparts both corrosion resistance and
diethanolamine (DEA), and others. enhanced biostability. Both salts and condensates of
boric acid with a variety of amines have been employed.
Comparison of Important Properties Data in the literature suggest that the boric acid adduct of
DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent is quite effective in maintaining
A list of amines commonly used in metalworking is pH and resisting biodegradation (Table 2.5).
given in Table 2.1, with Huntsman product offerings
highlighted. Table 2.2 further discusses commonly Published information (Table 2.6) comparing the tendency
used amines in metalworking, listing the CAS to form N-nitrosoamines in prototype synthetic and semi-
numbers, as well as regulatory information. synthetic cutting fluids shows a pronounced tendency to
form these carcinogenic materials from secondary amines
Volatility is an important consideration in metalworking like DEA and diisopropanolamine (DIPA). Primary amines,
applications where misting is a concern. Data like DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent, do not show this tendency.
included in Table 2.3 and Figure 2.1 illustrate the low
volatility of Huntsman products, such as Another important aspect in metalworking is corrosion.
DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent, monoethanolamine (MEA), Aluminum staining/corrosion data is compared in Tables
DEA, TEA and BHEMA, relative to other amines 2.7, 2.8, and 2.9. Figure 2.6 compares magnesium
commonly used in metalworking applications. staining by various amines.
Cobalt leaching is another important factor in




4
Amines for the Metalworking Industry


Table 2.1 - Amines for Metalworking
Physical Properties DGA® Agent MEA AMP MIPA DEA DIPA TEA BHEMA APM

Amine Type Primary Primary Primary Primary Secondary* Secondary* Tertiary Tertiary Prim/Tert

Appearance Clear and free of suspended material

Color, Pt-Co <15 <15 <15 <15 <15 <15 <15 <15 <15

Equivalent Weight 105 61 94 75 105 133 149 119 144**

pKa, 20°C 9.45 10.03 9.82 9.40 8.88 8.70 7.76 8.59 10.04

pH, 5% aqueous solution 11.30 11.56 11.46 11.40 10.98 10.84 10.38 10.79 11.59

Boiling Point, °C, 760 mmHg 223 171 165 158 268 246 340 247 224

Vapor Pressure, 20°C, mmHg 0.004 0.4 0.7 0.6 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <1

Freezing Point, °C -12.5 10 30 (dry) 25 28 44 21 -21 <-45

Flash Point, °C 124 95 78 71 149 260 202 126 86

Viscosity, cSt, 30°C 20 18.9 90 23 352 870 429 56

Environmental, Health &
Safety Concerns

Dermal LD50, mg/kg >3000 1025 >2000 1600 >3000 >3000

Oral LD50, mg/kg 2560 2100 2900 2700 1410 >2000

Acute Fish LC50, mg/l 460 >500 331 220-460 0.1 >450

Acute Daphnia EC50, mg/l 190 >100 193 108 55 1530

Acute Algae IC50, mg/l 160 7.5�75 520 23 >10 169

Mutagenic No No No No (*) (*) No No

Dermal Sensitizer No No No No No No No No

WGK Classification 1 1 � 1 1 1 1 1


Data sources: Huntsman, literature
* Secondary amines prone to N-nitrosamine formation
Huntsman products in bold type.
**Equivalent weight is for primary amine function only




5
SECTION 2



Amines for the Metalworking Industry


Table 2.2 - Common Amine Components of Metalworking Fluid Formulations
European U.S. DOT Packing Exposure
CAS# Classification Classification Group Limits Authority

DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent
2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethanol 929-06-6 Corrosive Corrosive III None �

MIPA
Isopropanolamine 78-96-6 Corrosive Corrosive II None �

AMP
amino methyl propanol alternative 124-68-5 Irritant None � None �

BHEMA
Bis-(hydroxyethyl)methylamine 105-59-9 Irritant None � None �

TEA
Triethanolamine 102-71-6 None None � 5 mg/m3 TWA ACGIH TLV

DEA
Diethanolamine 111-42-2 Irritant None � 15 mg/m3 TWA ACGIH TLV

MEA
Monoethanolamine 141-43-5 Harmful Corrosive III 6 mg/m3 TWA OSHA PEL




6
Amines for the Metalworking Industry


Table 2.3 - Relative Volatility of Selected Amines Used in Metalworking
Vapor Pressure, mmHg Boiling Point,°C, Flash Point,
20°C 100°C 150°C 760 mmHg °C

DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent 0.004 5.5 68.5 223 124

MEA 0.2 48.2 387 171 95

MIPA 0.5 79.8 560 158 71

AMP 0.7 59 457 165 �




Figure 2.1 - Volatility of Some Common Metalworking Amine Solutions*
Amine in Vapor Phase (Wt%)




*Plots correspond to a 10 wt% aqueous amine sample and were constructed using data obtained in vapor-liquid equilibrium determinations.




7
SECTION 2



Amines for the Metalworking Industry


Figure 2.2 - Cobalt Leaching by Commonly Used Metalworking Amines*




*Samples are 1 wt% aqueous solutions of amine containing 1500 ppm cobalt powder. The pH of each solution is adjusted to the desired pH level with acetic
acid. Dissolved cobalt is measured after 21 days.




8
Amines for the Metalworking Industry


Table 2.4 - pH of Metalworking Amines as a Function of Concentration at 25°C1
Amine Concentrate (wt%) 5 10 15 20

DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent
2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethanol 11.30 11.57 11.74 11.86

MEA
Monoethanolamine 11.56 11.79 11.94 12.03

JEFFAMINE®
D-400 Polyetheramine 11.00 11.19 11.27 11.35

AMP
amino methyl propanol alternative 11.40 11.69 11.84 11.95

MIPA
Monoisopropanolamine 11.40 11.66 11.81 11.95

DEA
Diethanolamine 10.98 11.18 11.31 11.38

DIPA
Diisopropanolamine 10.84 10.90 10.97 11.02

TEA
Triethanolamine 10.38 10.61 10.73 10.80

BHEMA
Bis-(hydroxyethyl)methylamine 10.79 10.97 11.07 11.13

DMDGATM Aminoalcohol
N,N-dimethyl-2-(2-aminoethoxy)-ethanol 11.12 11.87 11.47 11.58

APM
Aminopropylmorpholine 11.59 11.87 12.05 12.23


pH data was determined using a pre-calibrated Beckman 12pH Meter and Cole Parmer sealed combination electrode with a silver/silver chloride reference
1

electrode. Solutions were allowed to equilibrate 10 minutes prior to measurement.




9
SECTION 2



Amines for the Metalworking Industry


Figure 2.3 - Titration Curves of Various Metalworking Amines with Decanoic Acid




Figure 2.4 - Titration Curves of Metalworking Amines with Isononaoic Acid




10
Amines for the Metalworking Industry


Figure 2.5 - Titration Curves of Metalworking Amines
with CORFREE® M1 Corrosion Inhibitor




mL of 5% amine solution




Table 2.5 - pH Stability of Boric Acid Derivative of Aminoalcohols1
pH
Initial 6 days 12 days 18 days 30 days % Change

Adduct with DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent Odor 10.20 10.18 10.08 10.05 10.01 -1.9
none none none none none

Adduct with MEA Odor 10.0 9.98 9.80 9.70 9.60 -10.0
none none none weak weak

Adduct with DEA Odor 10.41 10.36 10.21 10.07 9.99 -4.0
none none none none none

Adduct with TEA Odor 10.10 10.08 10.05 10.02 9.80 -2.2
none none none none none


“Antimicrobial Properties of the Products from the Reaction of Various Aminoalcohols and Boric Anhydride�
1

S. Wantanabe, T. Fujita, M. Sakamoto, and W. Aono
Materials Chemistry and Physics, Volume 19 (1988), pp 191-195

11
SECTION 2



Amines for the Metalworking Industry


Table 2.6 - Nitrosoamine Formation in Synthetic and Semi-Synthetic Cutting Fluids
Semi-synthetic Cutting Fluid1 ppb Nitrosoamine

Secondary Amine
DEA 336
Diisopropanol Amine 414

Primary Amine
MEA 14
Monoisopropanol Amine 18
DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent 24

Tertiary Amine
TEA 113

Control 9

Synthetic Cutting Fluid2 ppb Nitrosoamine

Secondary Amine
DEA 609,000

Primary Amine
MEA None detected
DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent None detected


Conditions: 5% emulsion, 50 ppm Na nitrite, 60°C, 1 week
1

Reference: J. Hübner in T + S Tribologie und Schmierungstechnik, 3, 1996
Literature: R.N. Loeppky, T.J. Hansen, and L.K. Keefter, Food and Chemical Toxicology, Vol. 21, 607-613, 1993
2

Nitrite-free cutting fluid after exposure to nitric oxide in air for three hours



Table 2.7 - Aluminum Staining/Corrosion Summary of Results
� Aluminum staining/corrosion is pH dependent
� Aluminum staining/corrosion is also dependent on the presence of other common additives (such as fatty acids)
� Tests run at pH=8.8 suggest that DGA® Agent may provide an advantage over other amines
� Solutions of TEA showed much more significant staining/corrosion than any other amines tested
� Test time was 24 hours at ambient temperature
� Corrosion documented by weighing the test coupons before and after the test; dissolved Al in solution measured by ICP




12
Amines for the Metalworking Industry


Table 2.8 - Aluminum Staining/Corrosion
Dissolved Al (ppm)
Amine* Al 7075 Al 6061 Al 2024 Al 390

DGA® Agent 5 5.5 7.6 9

AMP 9 7.9 12 11.5

TEA 155 195 235 215

XTA-771 11 9.3 14 14

BHEMA 7.2 4.8 8.6 9

DEA 7.9 9.3 10 11

MEA � � � 10

Blank <1 <1 <1 <1

* 2.5 weight % aqueous solution of amine; pH adjusted with acetic acid




13
SECTION 2



Amines for the Metalworking Industry


Table 2.9 - Aluminum Staining/Corrosion with Fatty Acid
Amine Dissolved Al (ppm)
Isononanoic acid salt* Al 7075 Al 6061 Al 2024 Al 390

DGA® Agent 2.6 3.4 5 3.9

AMP 3.6 3.4 3.7 2.2

TEA 10 30 3.7 2.2

XTA-771 3.0 2.6 2.7 2.2

BHEMA 2.2 3.0 <1 <1

DEA 2.5 <1 1.2 <1

MEA 1.9 <1 2.6 <1

Blank 4.1 <1 6.7 6.0

* 2.5 weight % aqueous solution of salt (1:1); pH adjusted with KOH


Figure 2.6 - Effect of Amines on Magnesium % Wt Loss From Coupons




14
Amines for the Metalworking Industry


DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent

DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent is an essentially colorless, Table 2.13 lists the countries with DIGLYCOLAMINE®
slightly viscous liquid. The product is a non-volatile Agent registrations. Table 2.14 lists TSCA registrations
primary amine with a low tendency to leach cobalt, for amides and salts of DGA® Agent.
aluminum, or copper. Features and benefits of DGA®
Agent are listed in Table 2.10. A comparison of hard water tolerance of salts of
neodecanoic acid with either DGA® agent or DEA is
DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent has an excellent toxicity presented in Table 2.15.
profile as summarized in Table 2.11. Numerous physical
properties of DGA® Agent are listed in Table 2.12.



Table 2.10 - Features and Benefits of DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent in Metalworking
Features Benefits

� Primary Amine � DEA free
� Isomeric with DEA � Reacts readily with acids to form amides and salts
� Inventory listed (TSCA, EINECS, MITI, DSL, AICS) � Stoichiometrically equivalent to DEA
� Used commercially in U.S. and Europe as DEA replacement � Readily available globally
� Huntsman manufactures in U.S. and Europe � Minimal disposal problems
� Low toxicity profile � Reduced volatility and respiratory concerns; Good cold weather handling
� Non-mutagenic � Similar to DEA in providing buffering capacity
� Non-dermal sensitizer � Amides provide lubricity, emulsification, hard water stability
� Lower volatility, higher boiling and flash points than other DEA substitutes
� Lower freezing points than other DEA substitutes
� Provides buffering and corrosion protection
� Lime-tolerant
� Readily forms amides




15
SECTION 2



Amines for the Metalworking Industry


Table 2.11 - DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent Toxicity Profile
Mammalian Toxicity

Oral LD50 2.56 g/kg in rats; considered slightly toxic by ingestion (1991).

Dermal LD50 Greater than 3.0 g/kg in rabbits; considered practically non-toxic by dermal absorption (1990).

Dermal Irritation Draize dermal irritation score in rabbits is 8.0 of 8.0; considered to be a dermal corrosive (1992).

Ocular Irritation Due to dermal corrosivity, an ocular irritation study is considered to be inappropriate and has not been performed. Draize
ocular irritation score (rabbit) is estimated to be 50 to 80/100; considered to be severely irritating/corrosive to the eyes.

Dermal Sensitization Not a sensitizer in guinea pigs when induced and challenged at 105 using the Beuhler study protocol (1991).

Genetic Toxicity

Ames Assay Negative with and without metabolic activation in a plate incorporation assay, using concentrations up to 10,000 ug/plate in
Salmonella tester strains TA 98, TA 100, TA 1535, TA 1537, and TA 1538 (1982).

UDS Assay Negative at culture concentrations up to 1% in DMSO. This concentration was the maximum non-cytotoxic dosage under the
test protocol (1982).

Cell Transformation Test Negative at culture concentration up to 1563 nl/ml. This concentration was the maximum non-cytotoxic dosage under the test
protocol (1982).




16
Amines for the Metalworking Industry


Table 2.12 - Physical Properties of DIGYCOLAMINE® Agent
Boiling point, °C , 760 mmHg 221

Critical constants*
Critical temperature, °C 401.40
Critical pressure, psi 42.98
Critical density, g/cc 0.322

Density, g/ml
60°F 1.0585
77°F 1.0508

Flash point, °F, PMCC 255

Freezing point, °C -12.5

Heat of vaporization, 760 mmHg, Btu/lb 219.14

Ionization constant, 25°C, KD 3.6 x 10-5

Refractive index, nD, 20°C 1.4598

Specific gravity, 20/20°C 1.0560

Specific heat of liquid, Btu/lb/°F
60°F 0.571
180°F 0.623

Thermal conductivity, 68°F, Btu/hr, sq ft, °F/ft 0.121

Vapor pressure, 68°F, mmHg 0.004*

Viscosity, 60°F, cp 40

Weight, 60°F, lb/gal 8.8

* calculated


Table 2.13 - DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent Registrations
Country Inventory CAS#

United States TSCA 929-06-6
Europe EINECS 213-195-5
Canada DSL 929-06-6
Australia AICS 929-06-6
Japan MITI (2)-3202
Korea ECL 2-709



17
SECTION 2



Amines for the Metalworking Industry


Table 2.14 - DIGLYCOLAMINE® Amide and Salt Registrations
Inventory PMN# Amides CAS#

TSCA 99-350 DGA® Amide of Neodecanoic acid 212335-62-1

TSCA 99-351 DGA® Amide of Coco Fatty acid 212335-59-6

TSCA 99-352 DGA® Amide of Dodecanoic acid 20138-28-7

TSCA 99-353 DGA® Amide of Decanoic acid 158948-13-1

TSCA 99-358 DGA® Amide of Castor-oil Fatty acid 212335-58-5

Testing Required 99-354 DGA® Amide of Tall Oil Fatty acid 213702-37-5

Testing Required 99-355 DGA® Amide of Octadecanoic acid 32425-87-9

Testing Required 99-356 DGA® Amide of Isooctadecanoic acid 212335-61-0

Testing Required 99-357 DGA® Amide of Soya Fatty acid 212335-57-4

Salts

TSCA 99-544 DGA® Salt of Tall Oil Fatty acid 216593-48-5

TSCA 99-545 DGA® Salt of Octadecanoic acid 216583-60-7

TSCA 99-546 DGA® Salt of Isooctadecanoic acid 216583-91-4

TSCA 99-547 DGA® Salt of Soya Fatty acid 216593-49-6

TSCA 99-548 DGA® Salt of Castor-oil Fatty acid 216593-54-3

TSCA 99-583 DGA® Salt of Coco Fatty acid 216593-55-4

TSCA 99-584 DGA® Salt of Dodecanoic acid 78543-39-2

TSCA 99-585 DGA® Salt of Neodecanoic acid 216853-95-8

TSCA 99-586 DGA® Salt of Decanoic acid 216583-94-7

TSCA 99-587 DGA® Salt of Nonanoic acid 216583-66-3

TSCA 99-588 DGA® Salt of Boric acid 124756-59-8

TSCA 01-308 DGA® Salt of Dodecanedioic acid 292601-80-0

TSCA 01-309 DGA® Salt of Undecanedioic acid 292601-81-1

TSCA 01-310 DGA® Salt of Decanedioic acid 292601-82-2

TSCA 01-307 DGA® Salt of CORFREE® M1 inhibitor 292849-36-6

TSCA 01-311 DGA® Salt of 3,5,5-Trimethyl-hexanoic acid 292601-83-3




18
Amines for the Metalworking Industry


Table 2.15 - Hard Water Tolerance of Neodecanoic Acid Salts of
DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent vs. DEA
Hardness, ppm
0 114 342 1000

Temperature, 25°C
DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent C C C C
DEA C C SH SH

Temperature, 60°C
DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent C C C C
DEA C SH SH SH


Notes: Salts used at 1% level
Acid type influences hard water tolerance
C = Clear
SH = Slight Haze




19
SECTION 2



Amines for the Metalworking Industry


DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent

Data comparing the physical properties of DGA® vapor pressure of DGA® Agent indicate DGA® Agent
Agent and another commonly used metalworking is a less volatile amine. This could be an important
amine are given in Table 2.16. Both products are factor where misting and odor are concerns. Both
relatively strong amines with about the same amines have similar toxicity profiles.
equivalent weight. The boiling point, flash point, and


Table 2.16 - DGA® Agent Physical Properties
Physical Properties DGA® Agent AMP

Amine type Primary Primary

Equivalent weight 105 93.7

Boiling point, °C, 760 mmHg 223 165

Vapor Pressure, 20°C, mmHg 0.004 0.08

Freezing Point, °C -12.5 -2

Viscosity, cSt, 10°C 63 561
25°C 27 147

pH, 5% aqueous solution 11.3 11.4

Flash point, °C 124 78

Environmental, Health, and Safety

Dermal LD50, mg/kg >3000 >2000

Oral LD50, mg/kg 2560 2900

Acute fish LC50, mg/l 460 331

Acute daphnia EC50, mg/l 190 193

Acute algae IC50, mg/l 160 520

Mutagenic No No

Dermal Sensitizer No No




20
Amines for the Metalworking Industry


Because AMP is a slightly stronger amine than DGA® available for buffering. Inclusion of TEA will increase
Agent, it gives a directionally higher pH in solution the amount of amine present without appreciably
(Table 2.17). When these amines are used to provide increasing the pH. The effect of blending TEA with
reserve alkalinity (buffering), we recommend the either DGA® Agent or AMP on pH and alkalinity of 5%
inclusion of a weaker amine like TEA (Triethanolamine). aqueous solutions is given in Table 2.17. The data
Reserve alkalinity is a function of the amount of amine indicate AMP is a more basic amine giving a
present. With strong amines, less amine is required to directionally lower reserve alkalinity with TEA than
reach a given pH target, hence reducing the amount DGA® Agent with TEA.



Table 2.17 - pH and Reserve Alkalinity of 5% Aqueous Amine Solutions
pH Reserve Alkalinity 1

TEA 10.4 �

DGA® Agent 11.3 17.8

AMP 11.4 16.8

DGA® Agent/TEA (2.5%/2.5%) 11.1 21.6

AMP/TEA (2.5%/2.5%) 11.3 20.6

As neodecanoic acid salt (ASTM D1121)
1



The breakpoints obtained from iron chip corrosion tests DGA® Agent, 13.35 weight % AMP, and 9.27 weight %
on borate salts of DGA® Agent and AMP are provided boric acid. The pH of all solutions was 10.1. The tests
in Table 2.18. DGA® Agent and AMP are seen to be were run according to ASTM D4627-92, utilizing 10
equivalent in their effect on corrosion of cast iron chips dilutions of the test solutions in calcium chloride water. A
as defined by the ASTM D4627 test. second set of tests were also performed by making the
dilutions using calcium chloride water containing 10 times
The test solutions were made up of 1:1 amine/boric acid, at the standard method concentration. There was no
1.5M concentration. This corresponds to 15.75 weight % observable effect on the breakpoints.


Table 2.18 - Amine Borate Chip Rust Test Results
Amine Breakpoint Breakpoint (10X)

DGA® Agent/Borate 4.0 4.0

DGA® Agent/Borate - repeat 4.0 4.0

AMP/Borate 4.0 4.0

AMP/Borate - repeat 4.0 4.0




21
SECTION 2



Amines for the Metalworking Industry


DGA® Agent and AMP have a similar cobalt leaching solutions of the neodecanoic acid salts of both amines,
profile, while DGA® Agent is better toward copper are essentially equivalent.
(Table 2.19). Foam properties, as measured on 1%



Table 2.19* - Cobalt and Copper Leaching Comparison
Co Cu

DI water (control) 11.0 0

DGA® Agent 24.4 107.5

AMP 17.8 207.5


*Angus Chemical Company data



Electrochemical tests1 were performed to measure the Corrosion of carbon steel was very low, at an average
corrosion rate of aluminum and carbon steel in amine- of 0.05 mpy. The data are given in the table below. We
borate solutions. The corrosion rate of aluminum in the conclude on the basis of this testing there are no
presence of only the amine borates or amine borates difference in the corrosion protection for aluminum and
and KOH, used to adjust to a constant pH, was steel provided by the amine borates prepared from
moderate, in the range of 2.4 to 6.0 mpy. There was DGA® Agent, DEA, and AMP.
essentially no difference among the three amines.



Table 2.20 - Aluminum Corrosion Rates
Amine Salt pH Aluminum (mpy) Steel (mpy)

DGA® Agent Borate 9.6 4.9 ± 0.3 0.040 ± 0.012

DEA Borate 9.3 2.7 ± 0.3 0.060 ± 0.016

AMP Borate 9.8 5.4 ± 0.6 0.040 ± 0.0006

DGA® Agent Borate 10.1 3.2 ± 0.9 Not determined

DEA Borate 10.1 5.8 ± 1.9 Not determined

AMP Borate 10.1 3.8 ± 1.2 Not determined


The amines were prepared as 1:1 mole ratio salts with boric acid at a concentration of 0.1M. The solutions were tested at the as-prepared pH (shown in Table 2.20)
1

and also at a pH value of 10.1, adjusted using KOH. The corrosion rates were measured using electrochemical polarization resistance over a four-hour period.
Aluminum alloy 7075 (UNS A97075) and 1020 carbon steel were freshly polished before each test. All tests were performed at room temperature (22°C) under
continuous aeration and with moderate stirring.



22
Amines for the Metalworking Industry


Handling, Storage and Shipping of DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent

General area to heat the tank contents using low-pressure steam
should be built into the tank about six inches above the
floor. The coils should be constructed in such a manner
The handling and storage of DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent
as to allow the condensate to drain. Stainless steel coils
present no unusual problems. Huntsman Corporation’s
are preferred, particularly when low color
Technical Services team is available to assist those
DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent is important. If steam heat is
persons desiring additional information.
to be used continuously to prevent high viscosities or
Maintaining Specifications freezing, a temperature regulator that throttles either the
steam or condensate should be installed.
DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent is hygroscopic and will
In situations where the ambient temperature is low, tank
absorb water vapor when exposed to a moist
insulation is desirable. Asphalt-cork or urethane foam
atmosphere. If water content is to be minimized, a dry
insulation sprayed onto the outer wall is satisfactory. If
inert gas pad under a few ounces of pressure should be
a nitrogen pad is used, pressure relief and vacuum relief
used on the storage tanks. A gas pad should also be
valves of a suitable capacity should be installed. The
used if low color is important, since absorbed
system may consist of a cylinder of nitrogen, a pressure
atmospheric oxygen and carbon dioxide will cause
reducing valve, a pressure relief valve, and a line to the
DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent to develop color. Since
top of the storage tank. Tankage should be diked and
DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent is basic, it will react with
electrically bonded and grouped.
acidic gases; hence carbon dioxide and natural gas
containing acidic sulfur compounds cannot be used.
Transfer Lines
Nitrogen is quite suitable.

Carbon steel transfer lines at least two inches in diameter
The solvent properties and alkaline nature of
and joined by welds or flanges are suitable. Screwed
DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent should also be considered
joints are subject to failure unless back-welded because
when installing handling and storage facilities.
DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent will leach conventional pipe
DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent may react with copper to
dopes. U.S. Rubber 899 gasket material, polypropylene,
form complex salts. The use of copper and alloys
Teflon® elastomer, or their equivalents are satisfactory for
containing copper should be avoided in equipment that
use with flanged connections in DIGLYCOLAMINE®
will contact DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent or its aqueous
Agent service. Avoid the use of nitrile rubbers such as
solutions. Carbon steel storage tanks constructed
neoprene, Buna-N or Viton® rubber.
according to a recognized code are generally
satisfactory. In cases where low color is important,
If the ambient temperature is below 20°F, the transfer
stainless steel is preferred.
line for the pure product should be steam traced and
insulated. Steam tracing can be accomplished by
DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent is not compatible with
affixing copper tubing of approximately 3/8-inch
phenolic resin linings. Steam coils with sufficient surface



23
SECTION 2



Amines for the Metalworking Industry


diameter to the underside of the line, insulating the tube constructed of welded carbon steel and have bottom-
to the line, and using low-pressure steam in the tubing. unloading fittings and steam coils.
For flexible connections, stainless steel hose is preferred
to rubber since rubber will generally deteriorate in Deliveries can also be made in insulated, stainless steel,
DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent service and increase the full or compartmented tank wagons with steam coils. If
color of the product with time and temperature. requested, tank wagons can be equipped with
unloading pumps and hoses.
Systems that are insulated and steam traced should
be preheated in cool weather before being put into Drums of DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent can be shipped in
service. Normally, 15 to 30 minutes of applying steam truckload or less-than-truckload quantities. The net
to the tubing will adequately warm, but not overheat, weight of a drum is 480 pounds; the gross weight is
the system. approximately 519 pounds per drum. Drums are
UN1A1 or UN1H1, nonreturnable.
Transfer piping and pumps may be equipped with a
nitrogen padding system so the DIGLYCOLAMINE® Under U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) and
Agent can be pressured out of the lines when an Canadian Transportation of Dangerous Goods (TDG)
extended idle period is contemplated. This practice regulations, the proper shipping name for
will help losses and color increases that would result if DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent is �2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethanol�,
the DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent were allowed to remain identification number UN 3055. This product is considered
in the lines. a corrosive material (TDG hazard class 8) and requires a
“CORROSIVE� label for shipping.
Shipping Information
For further information, please refer to the Material
Delivery ofDIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent can be made in Safety Data Sheet (MSDS).
10,000 and 20,000-gallon tank cars. These cars are




24
Amines for the Metalworking Industry


BHEMA

BHEMA is a low-volatility tertiary amine which may summarized in Table 2.21. Toxicity and
be useful as an alternative to TEA. It has low acute environmental profiles are presented in Tables 2.22
toxicity, and low nitrosamine potential. These and 2.23. Registration information for salts of
features, as well as other features of BHEMA are BHEMA are listed in Table 2.24.




Table 2.21 - Features and Benefits of BHEMA
Features Benefits

� Alternative to TEA � Low volatility, which reduces airborne exposure
� Low mammalian and aquatic toxicity � Not classified as corrosive under DOT
� Low potential for nitrosamine formation � Shows lower tendency to stain than TEA
� Effective in single amine formulations � Slightly stronger base and lower molecular weight than TEA, so less
amine is required for pH development
� Good reserve alkalinity
� Good copper and cobalt leaching characteristics




Table 2.22 - BHEMA Toxicity Profile
Test Result Interpretation

Dermal LD50 - Rabbit >2000 mg/kg Practically nontoxic

Dermal Irritation - Rabbit None -> slightly irritating

Eye Irritation - Rabbit Irritating BHEMA is alkaline.

90-day subchronic dermal study - rat LOAEL: 250 mg/kg/d Effects limited to skin effects from irritation
NOAEL: 100 mg/kg/d

Genotoxicity Negative In-vivo and in-vitro studies


Data Source: IUCLID monograph




25
SECTION 2



Amines for the Metalworking Industry


Table 2.23 - BHEMA Environmental Profile
Test Value Interpretation

Octanol:water partition coefficient (log Kow) -1.08 Very water soluble; low bioaccumulation potential

Fish Toxicity
3 species LC50 760-2000 mg/l Practically nontoxic

Invertabrate Toxicity
(Daphnia) EC50 230 mg/l Practically nontoxic

Algal Tox EC50 26-45 mg/l EPA slightly toxic


Data Source: IUCLID monograph



Table 2.24 - BHEMA Salt Registrations
TSCA, DSL and EINECS Registrations Pending
Inventory PMN# Salts CAS#

TSCA P-05-782 BHEMA Salt of CORFREE® M1 inhibitor 843644-84-8

TSCA P-05-787 BHEMA Salt of Tall Oil Fatty Acids 843644-82-6

TSCA P-05-789 BHEMA Salt of Neodecanoic Acid 842129-84-4

TSCA P-05-786 BHEMA Salt of Nonanoic Acid 842126-27-6

TSCA P-05-788 BHEMA Salt of Decanoic Acid 842126-13-0

Data Source: IUCLID monograph




26
Amines for the Metalworking Industry


SURFONAMINE® MW-781 Amine

SURFONAMINE® MW-781 amine is butoxypropyl benefits are discussed in Table 2.25. Figure 2.7
amine. It is a water white liquid with a low viscosity displays the physical properties for SURFONAMINE®
and very low molecular weight. More features and MW-781 amine.



Table 2.25 - Features and Benefits of SURFONAMINE® MW-781 Amine
Features Benefits

� Strong primary amine (7.6 meq/g total amine) � Multipurpose additive for synthetic and semi-synthetic formulations
� Possible candidate for Borate production � Viscosity is 2 cSt; Melting point is -47oC
� Very low molecular weight (131 g/mol) � Has surfactant properties; coupling agent/solubilizer (somewhat foamy
� Inventory listed (TSCA, ENICS, NDSL) if neutralized to a low pH)
� Possible vapor-phase corrosion inhibitor




SURFONAMINE® MW-781 Amine Physical Properties
Figure 2.7 -




27
SECTION 2



Amines for the Metalworking Industry


Ethanolamines

The ethanolamines used for metalworking are MEA years in metalworking applications. MEA and TEA are
(Monoethanolamine), DEA (Diethanolamine), and TEA often used in combination with each other. MEA has a
(Triethanolamine). DEA has been used for a number of high pH and TEA has a low pH.



Other Amines

Some other metalworking amines that can be used polyoxypropylenediamine, JEFFAMINE® D-400
include XTA-771, JEFFAMINE® D-2000 polyoxypropylenediamine, and JEFFAMINE® T-403
polyoxypropylenediamine, JEFFAMINE® D-230 polyetheramine.




XTA-771

XTA-771 is a polyoxyalkylene amine with three and benefits are listed in Table 2.26.
primary amine groups per molecule. The features


Table 2.26 - Features and Benefits of XTA-771
� Low tendency to leach cobalt from tooling
� Low tendency to leach copper
� Provides added lubricity
� Three primary amine groups per molecule




JEFFAMINE® D-2000 Polyoxypropylenediamine

JEFFAMINE® D-2000 polyoxypropylenediamine acts as and benefits are listed in Table 2.27.
a defoamer in metalworking applications. The features


Table 2.27 - Features and Benefits of JEFFAMINE® D-2000 Amine
� Hydrophobic amine
� Gives defoaming performance in semi-synthetic, but especially synthetic formulations
� Fatty acids amides of JEFFAMINE® D-2000 amine may work even better




28
SECTION 3



Surfactants for the Metalworking Industry


Alkylphenol Ethoxylates

Nonylphenol Ethoxylates � SURFONIC® N Series Surfactants

The main area of application in metalworking fluids for Nonylphenol ethoxylates are also widely used in metal
the SURFONIC N series surfactants is in the cleaning compounds, where they act to scavenge
emulsification of oils. Nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEs) residual fluids, to enhance wetting and rinsing of parts,
are highly effective materials for formulating soluble and to disperse swarf left on parts. Formulations based
oil, semisynthetic and metal cleaning compounds. on NPEs can be used to clean parts from stamping and
These surfactants have excellent emulsification forming operations where they help to disperse waxy
properties when used with naphthenic and paraffinic carriers left from the lubricant.
oils. In general two or three ethoxylates of different
Hydrophile/Lipophile Balance (HLB) are blended in The wetting performance of the SURFONIC N series
order to get the best emulsification, especially when products as a function of ethylene oxide (EO) content is
formulating products for high hard water tolerance. illustrated in Figures 3.1 and 3.2. The maximum wetting
Higher HLB products will improve hard water performance of the water-soluble SURFONIC N series
tolerance and hinder soft water tolerance. products is seen with products containing 8.5 - 9.5
moles of EO per mole of nonylphenol. (Fig. 3.1)
Combinations of NPEs such as SURFONIC products Products containing 15 or more moles of EO are useful
N-95 with N-40 or N-102 with N-60 are excellent as dispersants for graphite, metal cuttings and the like.
starting points for formulation work. The nonylphenol
ethoxylates tend to have lower foam and lower pour Many cleaning formulations use caustic additives to
points than the equivalent alkyl alcohol ethoxylates. The help saponify fatty materials on the substrate. In
SURFONIC N series products are biodegradable and order to make NPEs soluble in potassium hydroxide
are compatible with sulfonates, fatty acid salts and (KOH), for instance, a phosphate ester can be used.
most other metalworking additives. To complete a Figure 3.2 shows the effectiveness of a phosphate
formulation, products such as an amide based on ester at solubilizing SURFONIC N-95 surfactant in
DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent for corrosion control and KOH solutions.
lubricity, PEG esters for lubricity, phosphate esters for
extreme pressure (EP) enhancement and amines for The physical and surfactant properties of the
alkalinity enhancement can be added. SURFONIC N series products are shown in Table 3.1.




29
SECTION 3



Surfactants for the Metalworking Industry


Table 3.1 - SURFONIC® N-Series Nonylphenol Ethoxylates
Pour Specific Wetting Ross Miles Solubility
®
SURFONIC Appearance Point, Gravity, Viscosity, Cloud Time1, CMC, Foam2, 100 SUS 100 SUS
Product at 25°C HLB °C 25/25°C cPs, 25°C Point seconds ppm mm, Initial Naphthenic Paraffinic Water Function

N-31.5 Clear liquid 7.7 -4 1.01 294 243 8 S S I Emulsifier for
soluble oils and
semisynthetics

N-40 Clear liquid 8.9 -7 1.026 255 343 10 S S I Emulsifier for
soluble oils and
semisynthetics

N-60 Clear liquid 10.9 -7 1.041 239 843 12 S I D Emulsifier for
soluble oils and
semisynthetics

N-85 Clear liquid 12.6 10 1.056 251 444 6.3 47 14 I I S Emulsifier for
soluble oils and
semisynthetics

N-95 Clear liquid 13.1 4 1.061 293 544 6.4 48 80 I I S Emulsifier for soluble
oils & semisynthetics,
metal cleaners

N-100 Clear liquid 13.3 3 1.064 250 654 7.9 50 85 I I S Emulsifier for soluble
oils & semisynthetics,
metal cleaners

N-102 Clear liquid 13.5 6 1.065 290 714 10.5 54 85 I I S Emulsifier for soluble
oils & semisynthetics,
metal cleaners

N-120 Clear liquid 14.1 3 1.070 308 525 17.1 57 110 I I S Emulsifier for soluble
oils & semisynthetics,
metal cleaners

N-150 White semisolid 15 23 1.065 306 655 52 100 120 I I S Improves hard water
tolerance of soluble oil
and semisynthetics

NB-307 Clear liquid 17.1 2 1.02 785 500 I I S Improves hard water
tolerance of soluble oil
and semisynthetics

NB-407 Clear liquid 17.8 5 1.022 765 I I S Improves hard water
tolerance of soluble oil
and semisynthetics




0.1% solution, 25°C 0.1% solution, 120°F Water titration, mls H2O to cloud °C, 1% aqueous solution °C, 1% surfactant in 10% NaCl
1 2 3 4 5




30
Surfactants for the Metalworking Industry


Figure 3.1 - Draves Wetting Times for Water-Soluble SURFONIC® N Series Products




Figure 3.2 - Effect of Phosphate Ester on Solubility
of SURFONIC® N-95 surfactant KOH Solutions




4% SURFONIC® N-95 surfactant
in KOH solutions




31
SECTION 3



Surfactants for the Metalworking Industry


Octylphenol Ethoxylates � SURFONIC® OP Series Surfactants

The SURFONIC OP series surfactants are ethoxylates of and semisynthetic formulations. The SURFONIC OP
octylphenol. The properties of octylphenol ethoxylates series products are stable in dilute hydrochloric and
(OPEs) are similar to those of nonylphenol ethoxylates phosphoric acids. This characteristic suggests usefulness
of similar HLB. in acid cleaning, pickling and phosphating formulations.


Three main application areas exist in metalworking for The physical and surfactant properties of the SURFONIC
OPEs: acid-based cleaners, emulsifiers for soluble oils, OP series products are shown in Table 3.2.



Table 3.2 - SURFONIC® OP Series Octylphenol Ethoxylates
Pour Specific Wetting Solubility
®
SURFONIC Appearance Point, Gravity, Viscosity, Cloud Time1, CMC, 100 SUS 100 SUS
Product at 25°C HLB °C 25/25°C cPs, 25°C Point seconds ppm Naphthenic Paraffinic Water Function

OP-15 Liquid 5.1 -9 0.985 790 152 S S I Oil soluble coupler
and defoamer for
semisynthetic and soluble
oil formulations

OP-35 Liquid 8.6 -23 1.023 370 242 S S I Emulsifier for soluble
oil formulations

OP-70 Liquid 12.0 -26 1.054 260 233 3.5 90 S S S Emulsifier for
semisynthetic formulations

OP-100 Liquid 13.6 2 1.065 240 663 3.6 200 I I S Emulsifier for semisynthetic
formulations. Wetting agent
for phosphoric and
hydrochloric acids

OP-120 Liquid 14.4 16 1.071 330 584 250 I I S Improves hard water
tolerance of soluble
oil and semisynthetic
formulations

0.1% solution, 25°C Water titration, mls H2O to cloud °C, 1% aqueous solution °C, 1% surfactant in 10% NaCl
1 2 3 4




32
Surfactants for the Metalworking Industry


Alcohol Alkoxylates � SURFONIC® LF, P and JL Series Surfactants

The SURFONIC® LF and P product families are made The SURFONIC LF and P series products offer a boost
up of ethoxylated, propoxylated linear alcohols. The in lubricity, making them multifunctional in semisynthetic
choice of alcohol and the addition patterns for ethylene and synthetic formulations. Falex wear data are offered
oxide (EO) and propylene oxide (PO) give the on a simple formulation containing several of these
alkoxylated products their unique properties. products. When the formulation is changed to include a
phosphate ester (SURFONIC PE-2258 surfactant),
The alcohol alkoxylates are ideally suited for dramatically improved Falex wear performance is
metalworking operations. They tend to have low foam observed. The synergy between the alkoxylated
generation characteristics and some products can act nonionic surfactant and the anionic phosphate ester is
as defoamers in water-based systems. All of the also observed with the SURFONIC POA block
surfactants in this group will solubilize the components copolymer surfactants. By careful selection of the
of carboxylate-based corrosion inhibitors in water. phosphate ester and the SURFONIC LF or P series
These surfactants are best suited to synthetic and product, it is possible to get emulsification,
semisynthetic formulations. Several products such as solubilization, lubricity, extreme pressure characteristics
SURFONIC P1 surfactant are also used in soluble oil and corrosion protection in one pair of surfactants. The
formulations. SURFONIC LF-18 surfactant is useful in multifunctional nature of these products makes them
low-foam semisynthetic cutting fluids. ideal candidates for many metalworking formulations.


SURFONIC P5 surfactant is used in some acid cleaners SURFONIC® JL-80X surfactant is used in some metal
and in rinse aid applications. Several of the SURFONIC cleaning operations. The unique structure of this
LF series products, particularly SURFONIC LF-37 and product eliminates the gel phase common to alcohol
LF-18 surfactants are useful as rinse aid and cleaning ethoxylates in aqueous solutions. This characteristic
actives in metal cleaning operations. allows the formulator to blend the surfactant into a
formulation without regard to any gelling problems.
SURFONIC LF-18 surfactant is used in the production
of low-foaming, highly effective microemulsion cleaners The physical and surfactant properties of the
using d-Limonene as the solvent phase. Formulations of SURFONIC LF and P series products are shown in
this type can be used to remove a variety of Table 3.3.
metalworking compounds from metal parts. The
formulations have very low foam and can be used in A comparison of the dynamic surface tension
spray applications. characteristics of the SURFONIC alcohol alkoxylates is
presented in Figure 3.3.




33
SECTION 3



Surfactants for the Metalworking Industry


Table 3.3 - SURFONIC® LF, P and JL Series Alcohol Alkoxylates

Falex Wear, 875 pounds
Pour Specific Cloud Wetting Formulation A Formulation B Ross Miles Solubility
®
SURFONIC Appearance Point, Gravity, Viscosity, Point, °C Time1, Teeth Wear (T) CMC, Foam Height2, 100 SUS 100 SUS
Teeth Wear
Product at 25°C HLB °C 25/25°C cPs, 25°C 1% aq. seconds Torque in-lbs (IP) ppm mm, Initial/ 5 Min. Naphthenic Paraffinic Water Function

LF-17 Clear liquid -12 0.998 96 34 4.8 65 T 6.6 6/0 I I D Wetting agent for
15 IP acid cleaning
operations, low foam
emulsifier/rinse aid

LF-18 Clear liquid -6 1.013 240 17 22 T 63 5 0/0 I I D Low foam additive for
21 IP semisynthetic and
synthetic formulations,
active defoamer in metal
cleaning operations

LF-37 Clear to -12 0.9904 96 17 18 26 T 82 30 0/0 S I S Low foam emulsifier
hazy liquid at 100°F 29 IP for semisynthetic and
synthetic formulations

LF-41 Clear to 1.0343 260 37 9.3 75 T 66 34.2 0/0 I I S
hazy liquid 17 IP

P1 Clear to 7.0 -30 0.975 90 25 26.9 19 T 89 4.8 0/0 S S S Solubilizer/emulsifier
hazy liquid 19 IP for semisynthetic
formulations. Emulsifier/
rinse aid for metal
cleaners. Low foam.
Wetting agent in
dilute acid.

P3 Clear to 9.0 -30 0.973 56 35 13.7 13 T 125 4.5 66/11 S I S Rinse aid for cleaners/
hazy liquid 22 IP secondary emulsifier
for semisynthetic,
wetting agent in
dilute acid.

P5 Clear to 10.0 -26 0.985 85 45 15.7 16 T 55 6.2 75/5 S I S Hydrophilic emulsifie
hazy liquid 20 IP for semisynthetic,
soluble in dilute acid

P6 Clear to 4 1.018 353 26.8 31 T 61 4.9 0/0 I I D Low foam additive for
hazy liquid 15 IP semisynthetic and
synthetic formulations,
active defoamer
in metal
cleaning operations.

L4-29X Solid 37 1.018 596 75 10 T 84 3.9 I I S High molecular
at 100°F 15 IP weight emulsifier
for semisynthetic
and soluble oils,
offers some thickening

JL-80X Clear liquid -5 1.003 51 59 9.8 18 T 83 75/70 I I S Prime surfactant in
22 IP cleaners

0.1% solution, 25°C 0.1% solution, 120°F °C, 10% in 25% butyl diglycol
1 2 3



Formulation A: 1% TEA, 1% SURFONIC PE-2258 phosphate ester, 1% SURFONIC surfactant, 97% water.
Formulation B: 0.17% TEA. 0.15% CORFREE® M-1 inhibitor, 0.07% DGA® Agent, 0.6% SURFONIC surfactant, 99% water.




34
Surfactants for the Metalworking Industry


Figure 3.3 - Dynamic Surface Tension of SURFONIC® Alcohol Alkoxylates
Surface Tension, mN/m




Bubble rate, bubbles/second




35
SECTION 3



Surfactants for the Metalworking Industry


EO/PO Block Copolymers � SURFONIC® POA Series Surfactants

The SURFONIC® POA block copolymers are very useful Synthetic Formulations
in a variety of metalworking operations. These products
are made by the sequential addition of ethylene oxide Synthetic formulations depend on products like the
and propylene oxide. The functional attributes of these SURFONIC POA block copolymers for low-foam
products � defoaming, wetting, lubricity, solubilization, characteristics, enhanced solubilization of the corrosion
emulsification, thickening and dispersion � all depend inhibitor salts, and a major part of the system lubricity.
on the ratio of ethylene oxide to propylene oxide, the The SURFONIC POA products have an inverse solubility
molecular weight of the product and the blocking coefficient, which means that at some temperature,
pattern of the molecule. Properties of the SURFONIC known as the cloud point, the nonionic surfactant will
POA products are given in Table 3.4. come out of solution and act as an oil. When the
temperature drops below the cloud point, the surfactant
Soluble Oils becomes soluble again and redissolves into the water.
The lubricity offered by many nonionic surfactants is
Small amounts of low HLB products such as partly due to the “oiling out� phenomenon. The
SURFONIC POA-L101 and POA-L61 surfactants can SURFONIC LF and P series products also show
be used in soluble oils to promote solubilization of the lubricity effects above the cloud point. Careful selection
oil in the concentrate. Under actual use conditions, of SURFONIC POA surfactants for a particular
these products can act as defoamers and can boost application can give formulations with low foam, high
lubricity, especially in the presence of a phosphate lubricity and high stability.
ester. Higher HLB products will improve removal of the
soluble oil formulation from parts and equipment. Forming Lubricants

Semisynthetic Formulations In many forming operations it is possible to replace an
oil-based lubricant with a simple synthetic formulation.
SURFONIC POA-25R2 surfactant is an excellent choice This formulation might contain a SURFONIC POA
for use in semisynthetic formulations. It will tend to copolymer, a phosphate ester for extreme pressure
lower the foam of the system, promote good lubricity, activity and corrosion protection, and water. This type of
and help to solubilize naphthenic oil and carboxylate formulation offers several advantages: the number of
corrosion inhibitors. If fine particles are present in the parts that can be formed between die service is
system, POA-25R2 can form a weak association with increased, the parts have better surface finish and the
the particles and produce a thickening effect, which can formed parts are easier to clean. Many metalworking
lead to reduced misting and “sling.� operations using oil-based fluids can benefit from
substitution with water-based synthetic formulations
In semisynthetic formulations, SURFONIC POA-L61 and using the SURFONIC POA series of materials.
POA-L101 surfactants offer reduced foam and
improved lubricity. SURFONIC POA-L62 surfactant
helps with wetting of metal parts.


36
Surfactants for the Metalworking Industry


Table 3.4 - SURFONIC® POA Series Block Copolymers

Falex Wear, 875 pounds
Pour Specific Cloud Wetting Formulation A Formulation B Ross Miles Solubility
®
SURFONIC Appearance Point, Gravity, Viscosity, Point, °C Time1, Teeth Wear (T) Foam Height2, 100 SUS 100 SUS
Teeth Wear
Product at 25°C HLB °C 25/25°C cPs, 25°C 1% aq. seconds Torque in-lbs (IP) mm, Initial/5 Min. Naphthenic Paraffinic Water Function

POA-L61 Liquid 3 -30 1.017 360 24 10 T 6/0 I I D Defoamer for synthetic
22 IP and semisynthetic fluids.
Lubricity enhancement.

POA-L62 Liquid 7 -4 1.04 150 32 60.7 11 T 138 40/10 I I S Active for cleaners.
24 IP Lubricity enhancement.

POA-L62LF Liquid 6.6 -10 1.04 460 28 27.7 11 T 43/5.5 I I S Defoamer and lubricant
22 IP additive.

POA-L101 Liquid 1 -23 1.02 800 15 12 T 0/0 I I S Solubilizer for semisynthetic
24 IP and synthetic fluids.

POA-17R2 Liquid 1.03 2053 35

POA-25R2 Liquid 6.3 -5 1.02 570 30 117 15 T 57 0/0 I I S Lubricant in synthetic
22 IP fluids and solubilizer in
semisynthetic fluids.


0.1% solution, 25°C 0.1% solution, 120°F 37.8°C
1 2 3




Formulation A: 1% TEA, 1% SURFONIC PE-2258 phosphate ester, 1% SURFONIC POA surfactant, 97% Water.
Formulation B: 0.17% TEA, 0.15% CORFREE® M-1 inhibitor, 0.07% DGA® Agent, 0.6% SURFONIC POA surfactant, 99% Water.




37
SECTION 3



Surfactants for the Metalworking Industry


Linear Alcohol Ethoxylates � SURFONIC® L Series Surfactants

The SURFONIC® L series linear alcohol ethoxylates are Alcohol ethoxylates with 10-12 or 12-14 carbons and
biodegradable, nonionic surfactants produced by the about 6 EO units are prime cleaning agents for
addition of ethylene oxide to linear, primary alcohols. metalworking operations. Products in this range, like
Their physical appearance at room temperature varies SURFONIC L12-6 surfactant, have the fastest surface
from clear liquids to white waxy solids, depending on the dynamics; their nature allows them to migrate to and
alcohol used and the degree of ethoxylation. The stabilize new surfaces quickly. This property is illustrated
Huntsman line of linear alcohol ethoxylates is made from by the dynamic surface tension measurement (Figure
alcohols containing only even carbon numbers in the 3.4).
alkyl groups; the structure of these alcohols closely
matches that of alcohols from natural sources. Alcohol ethoxylates with 12-14 carbons and 7-12 moles
Ethoxylates are made from a blend of the alcohol of EO are used in soluble oil and semisynthetic cutting
homologues. It is possible to deduce the product fluids, particularly in paraffinic systems. Typically two
composition from the product name; for instance, alcohol ethoxylates are used in a formulation to give a
SURFONIC L24-3 surfactant is a blend of C12, C14 and wide range of good emulsification performance. Certain
C16 linear alcohols reacted with three moles of ethylene pairs of surfactants compliment each other well in
oxide. Properties of the SURFONIC L series products are emulsification applications. A blend of SURFONIC L24-
listed in Table 3.5. 9 and SURFONIC L24-4 surfactants in a 1:2 ratio is
often an optimal system. Higher EO products like
The SURFONIC L series linear alcohol ethoxylates are SURFONIC L24-22 surfactant can be used to improve
widely used as emulsifiers, cleaners, penetrants and the hard water tolerance of a formulation and can
wetting agents in metalworking formulations. Appropriate improve the dispersibility of graphite or other particles in
selection of the alcohol chain length and degree of a metal cleaning formulation.
ethoxylation can provide the surfactant properties
required for a particular application. At certain water/surfactant ratios, approximately in the
30-70% surfactant range, the alcohol ethoxylates
Products with a short alcohol chain and low degree of exhibit a gel phase. In this range, an aqueous surfactant
ethoxylation, such as SURFONIC L12-3 surfactant, are system will be a gel at room temperature but will
good solubilization agents. In microemulsion cleaners and become an isotropic solution at temperatures above the
semisynthetic cutting fluids, they help to dissolve or gel temperature. Glycol ethers, ethanolamines and
“couple� oily materials into the water-based formulation. some anionic materials can be added to the system to
In some applications they can serve the same function as reduce the gel phase.
a glycol ether with the added advantage of having low
vapor pressure. In metal cleaning operations, low-mole When formulating with alcohol ethoxylates, one can
alcohol ethoxylates are often blended with higher-mole avoid extended mixing times by selecting an
ethoxylates to give a formulated product with enhanced appropriate order of addition (add surfactant to water)
oil removal, dispersant and emulsification properties. and by using heat during blending.



38
Surfactants for the Metalworking Industry


Table 3.5 - SURFONIC® L Series Linear Alcohol Ethoxylates
Pour Specific Wetting Ross Miles Solubility
®
SURFONIC Appearance Point, Gravity, Viscosity, Cloud Time1, CMC, Foam Height2, 100 SUS 100 SUS
Product at 25°C HLB °C 25/25°C cPs, 25°C Point seconds ppm mm, Initial/5 Min. Naphthenic Paraffinic Water Function

L12-3 Clear to 9.0 -9 0.932 35 453 S S I
hazy liquid

L12-6 Clear to 12.4 10 0.9820 43 505 4.0 91 111/9 S I S Prime wetting agent
hazy liquid for water-based
metal cleaners.

L12-8 Clear to 13.6 18 1.004 98 805 8.4 118/8 I I S Prime wetting agent
hazy liquid in metal cleaners.

L24-2 Clear to 6.2 10 0.903 25 S S I Oil soluble additive
hazy liquid for water-based cleaners.
Additive for rolling oils.

L24-3 Clear to 8.0 4.4 0.9239 25 453 S S I Oil soluble additive
hazy liquid for water-based cleaners
and hydrophobic esters.

L24-4 Clear to 9.4 4.4 0.9432 31 813 S S I Oil soluble additive
hazy liquid for water-based cleaners
and hydrophobic esters.

L24-5 Clear to 10.6 10 0.9626 44 734 S S D Emulsifier for
hazy liquid soluble oils.

L24-7 Clear to slightly 11.9 15.6 0.9824 47 505 8.7 16 98/15 S S S Emulsifier for
turbid liquid soluble oils.

L24-9 White 13 21 0.9935 61 755 13.9 25 104/10 S I S Emulsifier for
semisolid semisynthetic
formulations.

L24-12 Waxy solid 14.4 29.4 1.0075 47 686 35.1 29 113/11 I I S Improves hard
at 100°F at 140°F water tolerance
of soluble oils.

L24-22 Waxy solid 16.6 39 1.0309 46 I I S Improves hard water
at 140°F at 140°F tolerance of soluble oils.
Good dispersing.

L46-7 White 11.6 21.1 0.979 63 505 20.6 12 76/25 S S S
semisolid


0.1% solution, 25°C 2 0.1% solution, 120°F Water titration, mls H20 to cloud °C, 10% in 25% butyl diglycol °C, 1% aqueous solution
1 3 4 5

°C, 1% surfactant in 10% NaCl
6




39
SECTION 3



Surfactants for the Metalworking Industry


Figure 3.4 - Dynamic Surface Tension of SURFONIC® L Series Alcohol Ethoxylates




40
Surfactants for the Metalworking Industry


Fatty Acid Ethoxylates � SURFONIC® E Series Surfactants

Castor Oil Ethoxylates � SURFONIC® CO Series Surfactants

The SURFONIC® E series fatty acid ethoxylates and the (especially the dioleates) generally are soluble in the
SURFONIC CO® series castor oil ethoxylates produced kerosene-type cuts used in traditional cold rolling
by Huntsman are important groups of products in the lubricants. The PEG esters are also stable in the fatty
formulation of metalworking lubricants. alcohol products used in the same application. Excellent
aluminum rolling oils can be produced using blends of
The SURFONIC CO series castor oil ethoxylates are PEG diesters, castor oil ethoxylates, fatty alcohols such
excellent emulsifiers for many oils used in metalworking. as SURFOL® 1416 alcohol and phosphate esters like
The large size of the castor oil hydrophobe helps the SURFONIC PE-2258 surfactant with alkanolamines such
ethoxylated castor oil stay partially in the oil phase even as DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent.
when highly ethoxylated or used in formulations with high
water/oil ratios. The castor oil ethoxylates are generally Properties of the SURFONIC E series PEG ester and the
low foaming. SURFONIC CO series castor oil ethoxylates are shown in
Table 3.6.
Typically, PEG esters offer lower staining potential on
aluminum than straight fatty acids. The PEG esters


Table 3.5 - SURFONIC® E Series Fatty Acid Ethoxylates
SURFONIC® CO Series Castor Oil Ethoxylates
Falex Wear1, Ross Miles
Specific # teeth at Foam Height2, Solubility
®
SURFONIC Appearance Gravity, Viscosity, 875 lbs mm, Initial/ 100 SUS 100 SUS
Product at 25°C HLB 25/25°C cPs, 25°C direct load 5 minute Naphthenic Paraffinic Water Function

E400-MO Liquid 11.8 1.013 40 5/0 I I D Emulsifier and lubricity additive.

CO-15 Liquid 8.2 1.04 59 64 2.5/2 I S I Emulsifier for oil-based formulations.

CO-25 Liquid 10.7 1.03 66 55 4.4/3 I S I Emulsifier for oil-based formulations.

CO-30 Liquid 11.7 1.04 71 80 5.1/3 I S I Hydrophilic emulsifier for oil-based formulations.


Formulation: 3% surfactant, 1% TEA-99 in water
1

0.1% solution, 120°F
2




41
SECTION 3



Surfactants for the Metalworking Industry


Phosphate Esters � SURFONIC® PE Series Surfactants

Phosphate esters provide extreme pressure properties Properties of the SURFONIC PE series products are
to water-based and semisynthetic formulations. given in Table 3.7.
Additionally they provide lubricity and emulsification of
other actives in metalworking formulations and they SURFONIC PE-2258 phosphate ester gives excellent
solubilize nonionic surfactants into caustic- or silicate- extreme pressure (EP) performance. Micrographs
containing metal cleaning formulations. Many of the showing actual Falex pin-and-vee blocks from several EP
phosphate esters also offer some cleaning activity in tests are presented in Figures 3.5a and 3.5b.
metal cleaning operations. The phosphate esters in the
SURFONIC® PE product family also provide corrosion SURFONIC PE-1218 phosphate ester is able to solubilize
resistance in many formulations. nonionic surfactants in high electrolyte solutions such as
those containing sodium silicate; this is particularly useful
in cleaner formulations where the silicate is added to
increase alkalinity and to provide corrosion inhibition.


Table 3.7 - SURFONIC® PE Series Phosphate Esters
Foam Height2, Falex EP in 100 SUS
Foam Height1, mm, Initial/5 Falex EP in water Naphthenic Oil
mm, Initial/5 min., 114 PPM (1.5% Surfactant (2% Surfactant in 100
min., Hardness 2% TEA-99) SUS Naphthenic Oil)
®
SURFONIC Acid # at Acid # at 114 PPM (response to Max Load Torque at Max Load1, Torque at
Product Hydrophobe pH 5-5.5 pH 9-9 Hardness nonionic) Carried, psi 4500 psi Carried, psi 4500 psi Function

PE-1198 Aromatic 68 103 80/40 85/32 4700 41 750 59 at 750 psi Hydrotrope in cleaners, EP
in water-based systems

PE-2258 Aliphatic 83 135 97/53 91/53 4700 61 4700 48 Solubilizer in semisynthetics,
offers mild EP, good lubricity

PE-1218 Aromatic 115 220 98/53 95/52 2700 90 750 19 at 750 psi Hydrotrope for cleaners

PE-1265 Aliphatic 76 135

PE-2852 Aliphatic 97 142

PE-533 Aliphatic 65 100

PE-BP2 Aliphatic 310

PE-2200 Aliphatic Neutralized Neutralized

Formulation for foam height test: Phosphate ester (1.5%), TEA-99 (3.0%), Water 114 ppm hardness (94.5%).
1

Formulation for foam height test for response to nonionic: Phosphate ester (1.5%), TEA-99 (3.0%), SURFONIC® LF-18 surfactant (1.5%), Water (94%).
2




42
Surfactants for the Metalworking Industry


Figure 3.5a - Micrograph of Vee Block from Pin-and-Vee Test with SURFONIC®
PE-2258 Phosphate Esters




Figure 3.5b - Micrograph of Pin from Pin-and-Vee Test with SURFONIC
PE-2258 Phosphate Esters




43
SECTION 3



Surfactants for the Metalworking Industry


Formulated Emulsifiers � SURFONIC® MW-100 Additive

SURFONIC® MW-100 additive is a single-component enhance the metalworking properties of vegetable oil-
emulsifier for vegetable oil. This emulsifier is designed to based lubricants.


Table 3.8 - Features and Benefits of SURFONIC® MW-100 Additive
� Inherently low-foaming
� Compatible with phosphate esters for extreme pressure service
� Useful in formulating stable macro- or microemulsions
� Low pour point (-2°C) for easy handling
� Low toxicity




44
SECTION 4



Other Products for the Metalworking Industry


Huntsman produces a number of other chemicals intermediates to functional fluids to various glycols.
useful in the metalworking industry, from chemical


Linear Alkylbenzene Highboiler for Sulfonation Feedstock � Alkylate H-230L

Alkylate H-230L, a synthetic sulfonation feedstock widely diphenylalkanes is shown in Table 4.1; structures are
used in the metalworking industry to augment natural illustrated in Figure 4.2.
sodium petroleum sulfonate, is produced by the
alkylation of benzene with olefins using an HF-catalyzed The actual level of each chemical species depends on
process. The product is a blend of alkyl tetralins, dialkyl the alkylation feedstock. The average molecular weight of
benzenes, and alkyl naphthalenes and diphenyl alkanes. Alkylate H-230L varies from 315-320, giving average
The carbon number distribution peaks at C23. sulfonic acid molecular weights of 413-418 g/mole.


The structures for the important constituents of this Sulfonation can be accomplished using air/SO3 or oleum.
product are shown in Figure 4.1. The typical carbon The actual reaction conditions will vary according to the
distribution of the dialkylbenzenes, tetralins, and desired product and process used for sulfonation.


Table 4.1 - Distribution of Chemical Types in Alkylate H-230L
Component Percent

Alkyl- and Dialkylbenzenes 74.2

Tetralins/Indanes 10.3

Dihydronaphthalenes/Indenes 1.8

Alkylnaphthalenes 3.9

Diphenylalkanes 6.5

Diphenylalkenes 3.2

Anthracenes 0.2




45
SECTION 4



Other Products for the Metalworking Industry


Figure 4.1 - Carbon Number Distribution of Alkylate H-230L




46
Other Products for the Metalworking Industry


Figure 4.2 - Alkylate H-230 L Constituents




Alkyltetralins Alkylindanes Alkyldehydro
naphthalenes




Alkylindenes Alkylnaphthalenes Condensed
Aromatics




Diphenylalkanes




47
SECTION 4



Other Products for the Metalworking Industry


JEFFOX® WL Series Functional Fluids

The JEFFOX® functional fluids are alkoxylates of mono-, metalworking fluids. When the water-based fluid comes
di- or tri-functional starting materials. These versatile in contact with the hot tool and work piece, the lubricant
fluids have varying degrees of solubility in water and oil. drops out of the solution and coats the metal surface.
As lubricants, the fluids possess many desirable This behavior takes full advantage of the cooling capability
properties of natural lubricants and have distinctive of water and the excellent lubricity of the base fluid.
properties of their own which recommend their use in
difficult applications such as metalworking fluids and Because the JEFFOX fluids are transparent liquids, they
machine lubricants. The JEFFOX fluids have good allow delicate operations on small metal pieces to be
lubricating ability, even under high pressure, and high observed easily.
viscosity indexes, which enable them to be used over a
wide range of temperatures. Typical applications include:
� steel deep drawing
In metalworking applications, the fluids permit high � tempered spring steel pressing
production rates, excellent finishes and longer tool life. � nickel-plated steel drawing
Water-soluble fluids are especially convenient because � copper drawing
they may be washed from the work piece with cool water
to permit finishing operations. The fluids can also act as carriers for diamond powder
cutting or polishing agents.
The higher molecular weight JEFFOX WL fluids exhibit
inverse solubility behavior with respect to temperature. Properties of the JEFFOX functional fluids are listed in
This property can be used advantageously in water-based Table 4.2.


Table 4.2 - JEFFOX® Functional Fluids
Average Viscosity, Density,
Viscosity, cSt
JEFFOX® Molecular Appearance SUS, lb/gal Flash Point, Pour
Product Weight Functionality at 25°C 100°F 60°F 100°F 150°F 20°C COC, °F Point, °F

WL-440 488 Tri Clear liquid 440 386 100 30 9.6 545 -30

WL-590 990 Tri Clear liquid 590 508 135 43 9.3 500 0

WL-660 1800 Mono Clear liquid 660 471 158 60 8.7 475 -45

WL-1400X2 2500 Di Clear amber liquid 1400 970 299 109 9.2 595 0

WL-5000 4365 Mono Clear amber liquid 5000 3556 1107 409 8.8 460 -10




48
Other Products for the Metalworking Industry


Polyethylene Glycols -- POGOL® Series PEGs

Huntsman manufactures a number of polyethylene formulated with phosphate esters for extreme pressure
glycol products. The POGOL product family has (EP) properties. The products act as thickening agents
numerous uses in metalworking and allied industries. and can be used for viscosity control.
The largest use of the POGOL products is the
manufacture of PEG esters; through reaction of POGOL 200 polyethylene glycol can be used as a
polyethylene glycol with fatty acids such as lauric, oleic, dispersant and carrier in the production of silicon
tall oil, castor and soya fatty acids, very useful lubricants carbide slurries by attrition grinding. Typically a 35%
can be produced. aqueous suspension can be produced, stabilized by
about 3% of POGOL 200 glycol.
Typically the reaction is carried out between 140°C and
250°C with a nitrogen purge. Catalysts are not POGOL products can also be used in the machining of
necessary but they do substantially increase the silicon wafers or for other semiconductor uses. Lapping
reaction rate. For the lightest color products, non- compounds to polish metal or semiconductor surfaces
catalytic procedures are used. Color inhibitors can be are produced using POGOL polyethylene glycols; the
added to the product to give yet lighter products. polyethylene glycol products help to disperse the
lapping abrasive. The high water solubility of the
Typical catalysts, such as pTSA, methane sulfonic acid POGOL products makes it easy to rinse the polished
and tin-based catalysts can be used or sodium bisulfite substrate cleanly.
can also be used. Typical levels of catalyst are from
0.1% to 1% of the raw materials. Some POGOL products are used as carrier solvents for
release agents in aluminum die cast operations.
The POGOL polyethylene glycols are also useful
additives in hydraulic fluids where they offer suitable Characteristics and properties of the POGOL®
lubricity and compatibility and can be conveniently polyethylene glycols are shown in Table 4.3.



Table 4.3 - POGOL® Polyethylene Glycols
Average Molecular Density, Flash Point, pH,
POGOL® Molecular Weight Average g/ml Melt/Freeze Viscosity, cSt PMCC Pt-Co 5%
Product Weight Range EO Units at 20°C Range, °C at 37.8°C °F Color aqueous

200 200 190-210 4.2 1.124 - 25 >300 <50 5.5 - 7.0

300 300 285-315 6.4 1.125 -15 to -8 37 >350 <50 5.5 - 7.0

400 400 380-420 8.7 1.125 4 to 8 42 390 <50 5.5 - 7.0

600 600 570-630 13.2 1.126 20 to 25 64 410 <50 5.5 - 7.0




49
SECTION 5



Regional Product Offerings


Table 5.1 - Huntsman Products for the Metalworking Industry � North America




Hard Water Tolerance Aids
Metal Cleaning Aids
Corrosion Inhibitors




Anti-mist Additives
Lubricity Additives
Alkalinity Control




Coupling Agents


Anti-Foamants




Intermediates
Emulsifiers
Product

Primary Amines
Monoethanolamine
DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent
SURFONAMINE® MW-781 amine

Tertiary Amines
Triethanolamine
BHEMA
Alkoxylated Amines
SURFONIC® PEA-25 surfactant
SURFONIC® T amine surfactants

Polyetheramines
JEFFAMINE® D series amines
JEFFAMINE® T-403 amine
SURFONAMINE® MNPA-1000 amine

Linear Alcohols
SURFOL® 1214 fatty alcohol
SURFOL® 1416 fatty alcohol

Alcohol Ethoxylates
SURFONIC® L series surfactants

Alcohol Alkoxylates
SURFONIC® LF series surfactants
SURFONIC® P series surfactants

Alkylphenol Ethoxylates
SURFONIC® N series surfactants
SURFONIC® OP series surfactants

Fatty Acid Ethoxylates
SURFONIC® E400-MO surfactant




50
Regional Product Offerings


Table 5.1 - Huntsman Products for the Metalworking Industry � North America Continued




Hard Water Tolerance Aids
Metal Cleaning Aids
Corrosion Inhibitors




Anti-mist Additives
Lubricity Additives
Alkalinity Control




Coupling Agents


Anti-Foamants




Intermediates
Emulsifiers
Product

Castor Oil Ethoxylates
SURFONIC® CO series surfactants

EO/PO Block and Reverse
Block Copolymers
SURFONIC® POA series surfactants

Phosphate Esters
SURFONIC® PE-1198 surfactant
SURFONIC® PE-BP2 surfactant

Sodium Isethionate

Functional Fluids
JEFFOX® functional fluids

Glycols
Diethylene glycol
Propylene glycol
POGOL® polyethylene glycols




51
SECTION 5



Regional Product Offerings


Table 5.2 - Huntsman Products for the Metalworking Industry � Europe




Hard Water Tolerance Aids
Metal Cleaning Aids
Corrosion Inhibitors




Anti-mist Additives
Lubricity Additives
Alkalinity Control




Coupling Agents


Anti-Foamants




Intermediates
Emulsifiers
Product

Primary Amines
DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent
SURFONAMINE® MW-781 amine
Monoethanolamine

Tertiary Amines
BHEMA
Alkoxylated Amines
EMPILAN® AMT series surfactants
Triethanolamine

Polyetheramines
JEFFAMINE® D series amines
JEFFAMINE® T-403 amine
SURFONAMINE® MNPA-1000 amine

Linear Alcohols
LAUREX® fatty alcohols

Alcohol Ethoxylates
EMPILAN® K series surfactants

Alcohol Alkoxylates
EMPILAN® PF series surfactants
SURFONIC® LF series surfactants
SURFONIC® P series surfactants

Alkylphenol Ethoxylates
EMPILAN® NP series surfactants
EMPILAN® OPE series surfactants

Fatty Acid Ethoxylates
EMPILAN® BQ series surfactants




52
Regional Product Offerings


Table 5.2 - Huntsman Products for the Metalworking Industry � Europe Continued




Hard Water Tolerance Aids
Metal Cleaning Aids
Corrosion Inhibitors




Anti-mist Additives
Lubricity Additives
Alkalinity Control




Coupling Agents


Anti-Foamants




Intermediates
Emulsifiers
Product

Castor Oil Ethoxylates
DEHSCOFIX® CO series surfactants

EO/PO Block and Reverse
Block Copolymers
EMPILAN® P series surfactants

Phosphate Esters
EMPIPHOS® O3D surfactant
EMPIPHOS® A5D surfactant
EMPIPHOS® DF series surfactants

Functional Fluids
JEFFOX® functional fluids

Ether Carboxylates
EMPICOL® C series surfactants

Fatty Alkanolamides
EMPILAN® alkanolamides




53
SECTION 6



Regional Contact Information


HUNTSMAN
PERFORMANCE
PRODUCTS

Americas Europe Asia-Pacific

Business Offices
10003 Woodloch Forest Drive Huntsman Belgium BVBA Huntsman (Singapore) Pte Ltd
The Woodlands, TX 77380 Everslaan 45 150 Beach Road #14-05/08
281-719-6000 B-3078 Everberg, Belgium Gateway West
281-719-6416 fax Singapore 189720
+65 6390 0371
+65 6296 3368 fax

Technology Center
Huntsman Advanced Huntsman Belgium BVBA Huntsman Corporation Australia
Technology Center Everslaan 45 Pty Ltd
8600 Gosling Road B-3078 Everberg, Belgium 61 Market Road
The Woodlands, TX 77381 Brooklyn, Victoria 3012
281-719-7400 Australia
281-719-7500 fax +61 3 9933 6633
+61 3 9933 6600 fax

Marketing
281-719-6000 +44-1946-694108 +60 3 7954 0842
281-719-6055 fax +44-1946-694891 fax +60 3 7958 1677 fax

Research & Development
281-719-7400 +44-121-550-6187 281-719-7400
281-719-7555 fax +44-121-550-1765 fax 281-719-7555 fax

Technical Services
281-719-7780 +44-121-550-6187 +61 3 9933 6666
281-719-7555 fax +44-121-550-1765 fax +61 3 9933 6600 fax

Customer Service
800-852-4957 +65 6390 0371




54
Copyright ©2005 Huntsman Corporation

Huntsman Corporation warrants only that its
products meet the specifications stated herein.
Typical properties, where stated, are to be
considered as representative of current production
and should not be treated as specifications. While all
the information presented in this document is
believed to be reliable and to represent the best
available data on these products, NO GUARANTEE,
WARRANTY, OR REPRESENTATION IS MADE,
INTENDED, OR IMPLIED AS TO THE
CORRECTNESS OR SUFFICIENCY OF ANY
INFORMATION, OR AS TO THE SUITABILITY OF
ANY CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS FOR ANY
PARTICULAR USE, OR THAT ANY CHEMICAL
COMPOUNDS OR USE THEREOF ARE NOT
SUBJECT TO A CLAIM BY A THIRD PARTY FOR
INFRINGEMENT OF ANY PATENT OR OTHER
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHT. EACH USER
SHOULD CONDUCT A SUFFICIENT
INVESTIGATION TO ESTABLISH THE SUITABILITY
OF ANY PRODUCT FOR ITS INTENDED USE.
Products may be toxic and require special
precautions in handling. For all products listed, user
should obtain detailed information on toxicity,
together with proper shipping, handling, and storage
procedures, and comply with all applicable safety
and environmental standards.

10003 Woodloch Forest Drive
The Woodlands, Texas 77380
281-719-6000

Technical Services Section
8600 Gosling Rd.
The Woodlands, Texas 77381
281-719-7780

NYSE: HUN
www.huntsman.com/metalworking
©2005
HUNTSMAN CORPORATION

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