Chemical Class Chart
Volume IX
Greenhouse and Nursery Production
Insecticides/Miticides
Fungicides
Herbicides
Plant Growth Regulators
REFERENCE GUIDE for ORNAMENTAL PRODUCTION
INSECTICIDES / MITICIDES
RESISTANCE MANAGEMENT
When applying insecticides / miticides, always focus on resistance management. Do not rely on one product or tank mix or
the same mode of action.
When labels permit, make 2 or 3 applications of a product or tank mix in sequence, then rotate to products with different
modes of action. Try to avoid applying the same mode of action to more than one generation of the pest.
NOTE: THIS IS ONE OF THE MAIN REASONS WHY IT IS VITALLY IMPORTANT TO PROPERLY DETECT THE PROBLEM
PEST AND KEEP GOOD SPRAY RECORDS.
Using insecticides / miticides correctly also includes proper timing, understanding the pest life cycle, and the stage that
each product controls. The appropriate and labeled (legal) method of application is also a very important factor to con-
sider.
Low volume (L.V.) applications (smoke generator, thermal fog, cold fog, aerosol, and electrostatic) are commonly used in
greenhouses. Low volume sprays generally are more effective against adults than immature stages. Use high volume
sprays, directed under the leaves for best results against eggs, nymphs and pupae.
Always read the label and check with local authorities for further information regarding resistance management.
GH = Greenhouse; N = Nursery
**Use Site(s) KEY:
Insecticides / Miticides
(by Mode of Action Group and Class)
MOA Use
roup*
G Class Common Name Trade Name REI Site(s)** Company
Orthene® TT&O
1A Organophosphates Acephate 24 GH/N Valent USA Corp.
Orthene® TR
24 N Whitmire Micro-Gen
DuraGuardâ„?
Chlorpyrifos 24 GH/N Whitmire Micro-Gen
Dursban® 50 WP
24 N Dow AgroSciences
LLC
Dichlorvos Fulex DDVP Fumigator * GH Fuller System, Inc
Dimethoate Dimethoate 267 48 N Micro Flo
Company LLC
Cygon 2E 48 N Value Garden Supply
Malathion Gowan Malathion 8F 12 N Gowan Company
Supracide®
Methidathion 48 N Gowan Company
(to 14 days)
MSR® Spray
Oxydemeton-methyl 48-72 N Gowan Company
Concentrate
Imidan® 70W
Phosmet 24 N Gowan Company
Sevin®
1B Carbamates Carbaryl 12 N Bayer Environmental
Science
Mesurol®
Methiocarb 24 GH/N Gowan Company
* Depends on greenhouse ventilation
© 2007. OHP, Inc.
1
Insecticides / Miticides
continued
(by Mode of Action Group and Class)
MOA Use
roup*
G Class Common Name Trade Name REI Site(s)** Company
2 Cyclodiene organochlorines Endosulfan Fulex Thiodan Insecticidal * GH Fuller System, Inc
Smoke
Thionex®
24 N Makhteshim Agan,
Inc.
Talstar®
3 Pyrethroids Bifenthrin 12 GH/N** FMC Corp.
** Greenhouse and/or nursery uses depend on the formulation. Check labels for uses.
OnyxProâ„?
12 N FMC Corp.
Attain® TR
12 GH Whitmire Micro-Gen
Decathlon®
Cyfluthrin 12 GH/N OHP, Inc.
Tame®
Fenpropathrin 24 GH/N Valent USA Corp.
Mavrik®
Fluvalinate 12 GH Wellmark International
Scimitar ® GC
Lambda-Cyhalothrin 24 GH/N Syngenta
Astro®
Permethrin 12 GH FMC Corp.
Perm-Up 12 GH/N United Phosphorus
Permethrin 3.2 EC 12 GH/N*** Helena Chemical Co.
***Greenhouse roses only
Fulex Permethrin Fumigator * GH Fuller System, Inc.
Pyrethrum® TR
Botanicals Pyrethrins 12 GH Whitmire Micro-Gen
Pyreth-Itâ„?
12 GH/N Whitmire Micro-Gen
TriStar®
4A Neonicotinoids Acetamiprid 12 GH/N Cleary Chemical
Corp.
Celeroâ„?
Clothianidin 12 GH/N Arysta Life Sciences
Safariâ„? 12 GH/N Valent USA Corp.
Dinotefuran
Marathon®
Imidacloprid 12 GH/N OHP, Inc.
Flagshipâ„?
Thiamethoxam 12 GH/N Syngenta
4 B Botanicals Nicotine Fulex Nicotine Fumigator * GH Fuller System, Inc
Conserve®
5 Spinosyns Spinosad 4 GH/N Dow AgroSciences
LLC
Avid®
6 Glycosides Abamectin 12 GH/N Syngenta
Ultifloraâ„?
Milbemectin 12 N Gowan Company
* Depends on greenhouse ventilation ** Greenhouse and/or nursery uses depend
on the formulation. Check labels for uses.
© 2007. OHP, Inc.
2
Insecticides / Miticides continued
(by Mode of Action Group and Class)
MOA Use
G
roup* Class Common Name Trade Name REI Site(s)** Company
Preclude® TR
7 Carbamate Insect Fenoxycarb 12 GH Whitmire Micro-Gen
Growth Regulators
Distance®
Pyridine Insect Pyriproxyfen 12 GH/N Valent USA Corp.
Growth Regulators
Enstar ® II
Biopesticide Insect s-Kinporene 4 GH Wellmark International
Growth Regulators
Endeavorâ„?
9 Pyridine azomethines Pymetrozine 12 GH/N Syngenta
Ariaâ„? 12 GH FMC Corp.
Pyridine carboxamides Flonicamid
Ovationâ„?
10 A Tetrazines Clofentezine 12 GH/N Scotts Company
Hexygon® DF
Thiazolidinones Hexythiazox 12 GH/N Gowan Company
TetraSanâ„?
10 B 2, 4 - Diphenyloxzoline Etoxazole 12 GH/N Valent USA Corp.
Derivatives
DiPel®
11 Biopesticides Bacillus thuringiensis 12 GH/N Valent USA Corp.
Kurstaki
Deliver®
12 GH/N Certis USA, LLC.
Gnatrol®
Bacillus thuringiensis 4 GH/N Valent USA Corp.
Israelensis
ProMiteâ„?
12 Organotins Fenbutatin-oxide 48 GH/N SePRO Corp.
Pylon®
13 Pyrroles Chlorfenapyr 12 GH OHP, Inc.
Adept®
15 Benzoyl Urea Insect Diflubenzuron 12 GH Chemtura Corp.
Growth Regulators
Pedestalâ„?
Novaluron 12 GH/N Chemtura Corp.
Talus®
16 Buprofezin 12 GH/N SePRO Corp.
Citation®
17 Triazine Insect Cyromazine 12 GH/N Syngenta
Growth Regulators
Azatin® XL
18 Biopesticide Insect Azadirachtin 4 GH/N OHP, Inc.
Growth Regulators
Ornazin®
12 GH/N SePRO Corp.
Shuttleâ„?
20 Napthoquinone derivatives Acequinocyl 12 GH/N Arysta Life Sciences
Sanmite®
21 Pyridazinones Pyridaben 12 GH/N Gowan Company
Akariâ„?
Phenoxypyrazoles Fenpyroximate 12 GH SePRO Corp.
12 GH/N
Judoâ„? OHP, Inc.
23 Tetronic acids Spiromesifen
Floramite®
25 Carbazates Bifenazate 4 GH/N Chemtura Corp.
Naturalis L®
M Biopesticides Beauveria bassiana 4 GH/N Troy Biosciences
BotaniGard®
4 GH/N BioWorks, Inc.
* Depends on greenhouse ventilation
© 2007. OHP, Inc.
3
Insecticides / Miticides continued
(by Mode of Action Group and Class)
MOA Use
G
roup* Class Common Name Trade Name REI Site(s)** Company
Triact® 70
M Oils Clarified hydrophobic 4 GH/N OHP, Inc.
extract of neem oil
Paraffinic oil Ultra-Fine Spray Oil 4 GH/N Whitmire Micro-Gen
Soaps Potassium salts of Insecticidal Soap 40% 12 GH/N Value Garden Supply
fatty acids
TriConâ„?
Boric Acid Sodium Tetraborohydrate 12 GH/N BioWorks, Inc.
Decahydrate
MOA Combination Products
MOA Use
Codes Classes Common Names Trade Name REI Site(s)** Company
Tame/Ortheneâ„? TR
1+3 Organophosphate + Acephate + 24 GH Whitmire Micro-Gen
Pyrethroid Fenpropathrin
DuraPlex® TR
1+3 Organophosphate + Chlorpyrifos + 24 GH Whitmire Micro-Gen
Pyrethroid Cyfluthrin
Discus®
3+4A Pyrethroid + Cyfluthrin + 12 N OHP, Inc.
Neonicotinoid Imidacloprid
*Insecticides / Miticides Modes of Action
1. Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitors. Inhibition of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, interrupting the transmission of nerve impulses
2. GABA-gated chloride channel antagonists: Interferes with GABA receptors of insect neurons, leading to repetitive nervous discharges
3. Sodium channel modulators: Acts as an axonic poison by interfering with the sodium channels of both the peripheral and central nervous system stimulating
repetitive nervous discharges, leading to paralysis.
4. Acetylcholine receptor agonists/Antagonists: Binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptor disrupting nerve transmission.
5. Nicotine acetylcholine receptor agonists (not group 4)
6. Chloride Channel Activators: Interferes with the GABA nerve receptor of insects.
7. Juvenile hormone mimics (Insect growth regulator): Mimic juvenile hormones, which prevent molting from the larval to the adult stage.
9. Compounds of unknown or non-specific mode of action (selective feeding blockers)
10. Compounds of unknown or non-specific target site of action (mite growth inhibitors)
11. Microbial disruptors of insect midgut membranes.
12. Inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation at the site of dinitrophenol uncoupling (Disrupt ATP formation)
13. Uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation (disrupt H proton gradient formation).
15. Inhibit chitin biosynthesis � type 0, Lepidopteran
16. Inhibit chitin biosynthesis � type 1, Homopteran
17. Molting disruptor, Dipteran
18. Ecdysone agonists/molting disruptors
20. Coupling site II electron transport inhibitors (Complex III)
21. Site I electron transport inhibitor
23. Inhibitors of lipid biosynthesis
25. Neuronal inhibitors (unknown mode of action)
M Miscellaneous
This list is from the U.S Environmental Protection Agency, in cooperation with the Insecticide Resistance Action Committee (IRAC). IRAC
is a technical working group within the Global Crop Protection Federation (GCPF). More information on the Insecticide Resistance Action
Committee and the Mode of Action Classification is available from: www.irac-online.org.
© 2007. OHP, Inc.
4
REFERENCE GUIDE for ORNAMENTAL PRODUCTION FUNGICIDES
As with other pesticides, fungicides must be used in a program to avoid or delay resistance. Do not rely on products with
the same mode of action. Rotation of products with different modes of action, and using product combinations with different
modes of action are parts of a resistance management strategy. Be especially careful when using products considered to
be high risk for resistance development. This category includes many of our newer products. See the explanation of resis-
tance risk at the end of the fungicide section.
Most fungicides work more effectively to prevent disease from becoming established, rather than eradicating disease that is
already present. Constant monitoring � and modification where possible � of environmental conditions and scouting crops
for signs of disease symptoms are vital parts of effective fungicide use and resistance management.
Always read the label and check with local authorities for further information regarding resistance management.
GH = Greenhouse; N = Nursery.
**Use Site(s) Key:
Fungicides
(by Mode of Action Group and Class)
MOA Code* Use
& Group Class Common Name Trade Name REI Site(s)** Company
3336â„?
1 Thiophanates Thiophanate-methyl 12 GH/N Cleary Chemical
Corp.
Methyl Benzimidazole
OHP 6672â„?
12 GH/N OHP, Inc.
Carbamates (MBC fungicides)
AllBan®
12 GH/N Scotts Company
Resistance risk High
(See explanation of resistance risk following the mode
of action listing)
OHP 26 GT®-O
2 Dicarboximides Iprodione 12 GH/N OHP, Inc.
OHP Chipco® 26019 N/G
12 GH/N OHP, Inc.
Sextantâ„?
Resistance risk Medium to High
12 GH/N OHP, Inc.
Terraguard®
3 Imidazole Triflumizole 12 GH/N Chemtura Corp.
Rubigan®
Pyrimidine Fenarimol 12 N Gowan Company
Banner® MAXX®
Triazole (includes conazole) Propiconazole 24 N Syngenta
Strike® 50 WDG
Triadimefon 12 GH/N OHP, Inc.
Demethylation Inhibitors (DMI fungicides)
Eagle® 20 EW
Myclobutanil 24 GH/N Dow AgroSciences
Resistance risk Medium
LLC
Subdue® MAXX®
4 Acylamine Mefenoxam 0 GH/N Syngenta
Phenylamides (PA fungicides)
Resistance risk High
Pipron®
5 Piperadine Piperalin 12 GH/N SePRO Corp.
Amines ("Morpholines")
Resistance risk Low to Medium
© 2007. OHP, Inc.
5
Fungicides continued
(by Mode of Action Group and Class)
M
OA Code* Use
& roup
G Class Common Name Trade Name REI Site(s)** Company
ProStar®
7 Benzamides Flutolanil 12 GH/N Bayer Environmental
Science
Carboxamides
Resistance risk Medium
Azoxystrobin® Heritage®
11 Strobilurins 4 GH/N Syngenta
Kresoxim-methyl® Cygnus®
12 GH/N BASF
Quinone outside Inhibitors
Compass® O
(QoI fungicides)
Trifloxystrobin 12 GH/N OHP, Inc.
Resistance risk High
Insignia®
Pyraclostrobin 12 GH/N BASF
FenStopâ„?
Imidazolinones Fenamidone 12 GH OHP, Inc.
Medallion®
12 Phenylpyrrole Fludioxonil 12 GH/N Syngenta
Phenylpyrroles (PP fungicides)
Resistance risk Low to Medium
Terraclor®
14 Aromatic Hydrocarbon PCNB 12 GH/N Chemtura Corp.
Truban®
Thiadiazole Etridiazole 12 GH/N Scotts Company
Terrazole®
12 GH/N Chemtura Corp.
Aromatic Hydrocarbons (AH fungicides)
Resistance risk Low to Medium
Decree®
17 Hydroxyanilide Fenhexamid 4 GH/N SePRO Corp.
Hydroxyanilides
Resistance risk Low to Medium
Endorse®
19 Polyoxins Polyoxin 4 GH/N Cleary Chemical
Corp.
Resistance risk Low to Medium
Banol®
28 Carbamate Propamocarb 24 GH/N Bayer Environmental
Science
Carbamates
Resistance risk Low to Medium
Aliette®
33 Ethyl Phosphonates Fosetyl-Al 12 GH/N OHP, Inc.
[Also classified by EPA with plant host defense inducers]
Aludeâ„?
Phosphite Phosphorous acid 4 GH/N Cleary Chemical Corp.
Phosphonates
Resistance risk Low
Stature® DM
40 Cinnamic Acid Amides Dimethomorph 12 GH/N BASF
Carboxylic Acid Amides (CAA fungicides)
Resistance risk Low to Medium
Camelot®
M1 Copper, Complex Copper sulfate 12 GH/N SePRO Corp.
Phyton 27®
24 GH/N Phyton Corp.
CuProâ„? 2005
Copper, Fixed Copper hydroxide 24 GH/N SePRO Corp.
Resistance risk Low
© 2007. OHP, Inc.
6
Fungicides continued
(by Mode of Action Group and Class)
M
OA Code* Use
&
Group Class Common Name Trade Name REI Site(s)** Company
Dithane®
M3 Dithiocarbamates and relatives Mancozeb 24 GH/N Dow AgroSciences
LLC
Fore®
24 GH/N Dow AgroSciences
LLC
Resistance risk Low
Junctionâ„?
24 GH/N SePRO Corp.
Pentathlonâ„?
24 GH/N SePRO Corp.
Protect® T/O
Manganese + zinc 24 GH/N Cleary Chemical Corp.
CuProâ„? 2005 Captan 50W
M4 Phthalimides Captan 96 GH/N Micro Flo Company
LLC
Daconil® Ultrex®
M5 Chloronitriles Chlorothalonil 12 GH/N Syngenta
AllPro® Exotherm Termil
* GH Value Garden Supply
Resistance risk Low
* Depends on greenhouse ventilation
PlantShield® HC
NC Biopesticide Trichoderma 0 GH/N BioWorks, Inc.
(RootShield®)
harzianum T22
SoilGard® G
Trichoderma virens GL21 4 GH/N Certis USA, LLC.
Companion®
Bacillus subtilis GB03 4 GH/N Growth Products
Rhapsody® AS
Bacillus subtilis QST713 4 GH/N AgraQuest, Inc.
Actinovate® 4 GH/N Natural Industries, Inc
Streptomyces lydicus WYEC108
Armicarb® 100
Bicarbonate Potassium bicarbonate 4 GH/N Helena Chemical Co.
MilStop®
1 GH/N BioWorks, Inc.
ZeroTolâ„?
Hydrogen Dioxide 0 GH/N Biosafe Systems
Triact® 70
Oil Clarified hydrophobic 4 GH/N OHP, Inc.
extract of neem oil
(also classified by
EPA as a biopesticide)
Qwel®
Botanical Extract Macheaya extract 12 GH Camas Technologies
Milsana®
Raynoutria sachalinesis 24 GH Western Farm Service
Inc.
TriConâ„?
Boric Acid Sodium tetraborohydrate 12 GH/N BioWorks, Inc.
decahydrate
MOA Combination Products
MOA Use
Codes Classes Common Names Trade Name REI Site(s)** Company
26/36â„?
1+2 Thiophanate + Thiophanate + 12 GH/N Cleary Chemical
Dicarboxamide iprodione Corp.
Banrot®
1+14 Thiophanate + Thiophanate-methyl + 12 GH/N Scotts Company
Thiadiazole Etridiazole
© 2007. OHP, Inc.
7
continued
MOA Combination Products
MOA Use
Codes Classes Common Names Trade Name REI Site(s)** Company
Zyban®
1+M3 Thiophanate + Thiophanate-methyl + 24 GH/N Scotts Company
Dithiocarbamate Mancozeb
Spectro® 90
1+M5 Thiophanate + Thiophanate-methyl + 12 GH/N Cleary Chemical
Chloronitrile Chlorothalonil Corp.
Hurricaneâ„?
4+12 Acylalanine + Mefanoxam + 48 GH Syngenta
Phenylpyrrole Fludioxonil
*Fungicides Modes of Action (by Mode of Action
1. Inhibition of tubulin formation in mitosis
2. Affect cell division, DNA and RNA synthesis and metabolism
3. DMI (Demethylation Inhibitor): Inhibition of sterol synthesis
4. Phenylamides-Affect RNA synthesis
5. Inhibition of an isomerase in sterol biosynthesis- Piperadines, Morpholines
7. Affect mitochondrial transport chain
11. Quinone outside inhibitors (QOI)
12. MAP protein kinase in osmotic signal transduction
14. Lipid peroxidation (proposed)
17. 3-keto reductase during C4 demethylation in sterol biosynthesis
19. Chitin synthase inhibition in cell wall development
28. Affect cell membrane permeability (proposed)
33. Mode of action unknown. The mode of action cannot be placed within any other grouping
40. Phospholipid biosysthesis and cell wall deposition (proposed)
M Multi-site activity. Chemicals that act at several sites, which may differ among the group members
NC Not classified.
This list is from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, in cooperation with the Fungicide Resistance Action
Committee (FRAC). FRAC is a technical working group within the Global Crop Protection Federation (GCPF)
Explanation of Resistance Risk
Resistance risk categories were developed by FRAC. They are a way to estimate the potential for
resistance development. The resistance risk is generally based on whether the fungicide mode of
action (MOA) is single or multi-site. Single site MOA products have a higher resistance risk than
multi site MOA products. The pathogen types targeted by the fungicides also are factors.
Fungicides should always be used by rotating MOA types. Users need to be especially careful
not to rotate or alternate among fungicides in any one high resistance risk category. Follow resis-
tance management instructions on product labels.
© 2007. OHP, Inc.
8
REFERENCE GUIDE for
ChEMICAL PLANT GROwTh REGULATORS
***Use Site(s) KEY: GH = Greenhouse; N = Nursery; T = Turf
Chemical Plant Growth Regulators
(by Mode of Action Group and Class)
MOA Activity Common Use
G
roup* Class Level** Name Trade Name REI Site(s)*** Company
A-Rest®
1 Substituted Medium Ancymidol 12 GH/N SePRO Corp.
pyrimidine
Topflor®
Flurprimidol 12 GH/N SePRO Corp.
Cycocel ®
Quaternary Low Chlormequat 12 GH OHP, Inc.
ammonmium chloride
B-Nine®
Hydrazide Low Daminozide 24 GH/N Chemtura Corp.
Bonzi ®
Triazole High Paclobutrazol 12 GH/N Syngenta
Paczolâ„?
12 GH/N Chemtura Corp.
Sumagic ®
High Uniconazole-p 12 GH Valent USA Corp.
Atrimmec®
2 Unclassified High Dikegulac sodium 12 GH/N PBI Gordon
3 Fatty acid Medium methyl esters of Off-Shoot O GH/N Cochran Corp.
fatty acids
Gibberellic acid (A3) ProGibb® T&O
4 Gibberellin (GA) High 12 GH/N/T Valent USA Corp.
Fascinationâ„?
Synthetic Cytokinin/ High Cytokinin/ 4 GH Valent USA Corp.
Gibberellin Gibberellic acid
5 Acid Medium Ethephon Florel Brand 48-72 GH/N Monterey Chemical
Southern Ag
Hormodin®
6 Rooting Hormones IBA 0 GH/N OHP, Inc.
Synthetic Auxin
IBA + NAA Dip N Grow 0-24 GH/N Dip 'N Grow, Inc.
** Activity level is related to difficulty of use. The Higher the level the more difficult the product is to use. Some combinations of
PGR's (e.g. B-Nine and Cycocel) have medium Activity.
Thanks to Dr. Joyce Latimer, Virginia Tech, for help in preparing the PGR chart.
*Chemical Plant Growth Regulators Modes of Action
1. Gibberellic Acid synthesis inhibitors 3. Chemical pincher 5. Ethylene generator
2. DNA synthesis inhibitor 4. Growth promoter 6. Rooting Hormones
© 2007. OHP, Inc.
9
REFERENCE GUIDE for GREENhOUSE & NURSERY hERBICIDES
Reference Guide for Ornamental Production Herbicides
Rotation of herbicide classes is not necessary in field grown nursery crops to prevent weed resistance problems. Weed
resistance to herbicides has not been a concern in the production of field grown nursery crops.
Please read and follow all label directions and precautions.
**Use Site(s) Key:
PO = post emergence; PR = pre emergence; SF = soil fumigant; (GH) = registered for use in greenhouses;
A = Annual Grasses; BW = Broadleaf Weeds; WO = Certain Woody Ornamentals; P = Perennials; MA = Most annuals;
S = Sedges
Greenhouse & Nursery herbicides
(by Mode of Action Group and Class)
MOA Use
roup*
G Class Common Name Trade Name REI Site(s)** Company
Acclaim® Extra
1 Aryloxyphenoxy fenoxaprop 12 PO Bayer Environmental
propionate 'FOPS' Science
Fusilade ® II
fluazifop-P-butyl 12 PO; Syngenta
A, P
Envoy ®
Cyclohexanedione ‘DIMS� clethodim 12 PO; A, Valent USA Corp.
P (GH)
Vantage ®
sethoxydim 12 PO; BASF
A, P
Image®
2 Imidazolinone imazaquin 12 PR/PO; A BASF
BW, S
Dimension®
3 Pyridine dithiopyr 12 PR; Dow AgroSciences
A, BW LLC
Kerb®
Benzamide pronamide 12 PR/PO; Dow AgroSciences
A, BW LLC
Pendulum®
Dinitroaniline pendimethalin 24 PR; BASF
A, BW
Barricade®
prodiamine 12 PR; Syngenta
A, BW
Regalkade®
12 PR; Regal Chemical Co.
A, BW
Surflan®
oryzalin 12 PR; United Phosphorus
A, BW
Treflan®
trifluralin 12 PR; Dow AgroSciences
A, BW LLC
3 + 3 Dintiroanaline + benefin + oryzalin XL 2G 12 PR; Helena Chemical Co.
Dintiroanaline A, BW
Lontrelâ„?
4 Picolinic acid clopyralid 12 PO; Dow AgroSciences
WO LLC
Princep®
5 Triazine simazine 12 PR; Syngenta
A, BW
© 2007. OHP, Inc.
10
Greenhouse & Nursery herbicides continued
(by Mode of Action Group and Class)
MOA Use
roup*
G Class Common Name Trade Name REI Site(s)** Company
Basagran® T/O
6 Benzothiadiazinone bentazon 12 PO; BW, BASF
S
Roundup PRO®
9 Glycine glyphosate 4 PO; A, P, Monsanto
BW (GH)
Finale®
10 Phosphinic acid glufosinate 12 PO; MA, Bayer Environmental
P (GH) Science
Predict®
12 Pyridazinone norflurazon 12 PR; Syngenta
A, BW
Goal®
14 Diphenylether oxyfluorfen 24 PR; Dow AgroSciences
A, BW LLC
Ronstar®
Oxadiazole oxadiazon 12 PR; Bayer Environmental
A, BW Science
BroadStar®
N-phenylphthalimides flumioxazin 12 PR; Valent USA Corp.
A, BW
SureGuard®
12 PR, PO: Valent USA Corp.
A, BW
Devrinol®
15 Acetamide napropamide 12 PR; United Phosphorous
A, BW
Pennant®
Chloroacetamide metolachlor 24 PR; Syngenta
A, BW
Casoron®
20 Nitrile dichlobenil 12 PR; A, P, Chemtura Corp.
Gallery®
21 Benzamide isoxaben 12 PR; Dow AgroSciences
A, BW LLC
Gramoxone® Extra
22 Bipyridylium paraquat 12-24 PO; MA, Syngenta
P, BW
Reward®
diquat 24 PO; MA, Syngenta
P (GH)
® Granular
27 Other dazomet Basamid 24 SF; MA, P Certis USA, LLC
Vapam®
metham 48 SF; MA, P Amvac Chemical
Corp.
Scythe®
pelargonic 24 PO; MA, Mycogen /
P (GH) Dow AgroSciences
LLC
14 + 3 Diphenylether + oxyfluorfen + Ornamental 24 PR; Scotts Company
Herbicide II (OH2)®
Dinitroaniline pendimethalin A, BW
RegalStar®
14 + 3 Oxadiazole + oxadiazon + 12 PR; Regal Chemical Co.
Dinitroaniline prodiamine A, BW
Rout®
14 + 3 Diphenylether + oxyfluorfen + 24 PR; A Scotts Company
Dinitroaniline oryzalin BW
Kansel®
14 + 3 Oxadiazole+ oxadiazon+ 12 PR; A Scotts Company
Dinitroanaline pendimethalin
© 2007. OHP, Inc.
11
Greenhouse & Nursery herbicides continued
(by Mode of Action Group and Class)
MOA Use
roup*
G Class Common Name Trade Name REI Site(s)** Company
Pre Pair®
15 + 14 Acetamide + napropamide + 12 PR; UAP-Professional
Oxadiazole oxadiazon A, BW Products
Regal O-O®
15 + 4 Diphenylether + oxyfluorfen + 24 PR; Regal Chemical Co.
Oxadiazole oxadiazon A, BW
Snapshot® TG
21 + 3 Benzamide + isoxaben + 12 PR; A, Dow AgroSciences
Dinitroaniline trifluralin BW LLC
Showcaseâ„?
1 + 14 + 3 Benzammide +
2 isoxaben + 12 PR; A, Dow AgroSciences
Oxadiazole + oxyfluorfen + BW LLC
Dinitroanaline trifluralin
**Use Site(s) KEY:
PO = post emergence; PR = pre emergence; SF = soil fumigant; (GH) = registered for use in greenhouses;
A = Annual Grasses; BW = Broadleaf Weeds; WO = Certain Woody Ornamentals; P = Perennials; MA = Most annuals;
S = Sedges
*Greenhouse & Nursery Herbicides Modes of Action
1. Inhibition of acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACCase)
2. Inhibition of acetolactate synthase ALS (acetohydroxyacid synthase AHAS)
3. Microtubule assembly inhibition
4. Action like indole acetic acid (synthetic auxins)
5. Inhibition of photosynthesis at photosystem II (C1)**
6. Inhibition of photosynthesis at photosystem II (C3)**
7. Inhibition of photosynthesis at photosystem II (C2)**
9. Inhibition of EPSP synthase
10. Inhibition of glutamine synthetase
12. Bleaching: inhibition of carotenoid biosysnthesis at the phytoene desaturase step (PDS)
14. Inhibition of protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO)
15. Inhibition of VLCFA’s (Inhibition of cell division)
20. Inhibition of cell wall (cellulose) synthesis
21. Inhibition of cell wall (cellulose) synthesis
22. Photosystem -I- electron diversion
27. Unknown
**Subclasses with different binding behavior at the binding protein D1, or different classes
*Mode of action numbers based on WSSA classification
Thanks to Dr. Jeffrey Derr, Virginia Tech, for help in preparing the herbicide chart.
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Notes
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Notes
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©2007. OHP, Inc.
CCC 6/07
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