HMIS Label
1 HEALTH
3 FLAMMABILITY
1 PHYSICAL HAZARD
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET
Kowa American Corporation
CHEMTREC 24-HOUR EMERGENCY NUMBER (800) 424-9300
SECTION 1
CHEMICAL PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION
Product Name: Dimethyl carbonate
[DMC]
Distributor's Name and Address
in United States: Kowa American Corporation
55 East 59th Street, 19th Floor
New York, NY 10022
Telephone: (212) 303-7800
Facsimile: (212) 310-0101
(800) 424-9300
CHEMTREC 24-HOUR Emergency Number:
Date Prepared: August 15, 2006
[previous version: June 8, 2004]
SECTION 2
COMPOSITION AND INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS
Ingredient CAS Registry No. Weight % Exposure Limits
200 ppm TWA1
Dimethyl carbonate 616-38-6 99.0% (min.)
99.7% (typ.)
Methanol 67-56-1 < 0.1% 200 ppm TWA (OSHA,
ACGIH)
(260 mg/m3)
Water 7732-18-5 < 0.05% Not Established
KOWA AMERICAN DMC MSDS
JUNE 2004
PAGE 1
Notes on Composition and Information on Ingredients
1
The 200 ppm exposure level is Kowa American鈥檚 recommended occupational exposure level. This level is
based on OSHA鈥檚 and ACGIH鈥檚 exposure limit for methanol which is expected to be the primary
metabolite of dimethyl carbonate.
OTHER PRODUCT INFORMATION
Chemical Name: Carbonic acid dimethyl ester (9CI)
Synonym: Methyl carbonate
Chemical Structure:
O
CH3 O C O CH3
Molecular Formula: C3H6O3
Molecular Weight: 90.1
EINECS No: 210-478-4
SECTION 3
HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION
***Emergency Overview***
Clear colorless liquid with pleasant odor. Highly
flammable. Keep container in a well ventilated place.
Avoid all ignition sources. No smoking. Wear eye, skin,
and respiratory protection. In case of contact with skin or
eyes, rinse with water. Overdose or over exposure should
be treated as methanol poisoning. Avoid release to the
environment. Readily biodegradable. Not expected to
bioaccumulate. Partially water-soluble.
POTENTIAL HEALTH EFFECTS
EYES: Slightly irritating to the eyes. More serious effects may result if exposure is not treated.
Vapors may irritate eyes.
KOWA AMERICAN DMC MSDS
JUNE 2004
PAGE 2
INHALATION: Vapors may be slightly irritating to the upper respiratory tract (including nasal tissues).
Prolonged exposure may be harmful and cause adverse effects including labored breathing and
drowsiness, as well as damage to the upper respiratory tract and eyes.
SKIN: Generally not expected to be irritating to the skin. Prolonged or excessive exposure may result in
adverse effects. The irritancy of this material varies from person to person.
INGESTION: Oral toxicity of this material is expected to be moderate. Serious adverse effects from over
exposure may occur and include central nervous system effects, blindness, and possibly death.
CHRONIC EFFECTS/CARCINOGENICITY: Not regulated as a carcinogen. No long-term chronic effects or
carcinogenicity data are known or available on this product.
NTP: Not listed
IARC: Not listed
OSHA: Not listed
MUTAGENICITY: This compound was found to be negative in two in vitro mutagenicity assays.
TERATOGENICITY (birth defects): Teratogenic effects were observed at very high doses (3,000 ppm) in
one mouse assay. No effects were observed at any of the lower dose levels. See Section 11 for more
information.
REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY: No reproductive data are available on this material.
MEDICAL CONDITIONS AGGRAVATED BY EXPOSURE: None known.
INCOMPATIBILITY: Not known.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF EXPOSURE: Slight eye and respiratory tract irritation; labored breathing and
drowsiness; loss of coordination possible if exposed to high concentrations.
SECTION 4
FIRST AID MEASURES
FIRST AID MEASURES
SKIN: Wash with plenty of water, then with soap and water for 15 minutes. Discard contaminated
clothing and shoes. Call physician immediately if exposed to large quantities and/or if contact is
prolonged.
EYES: Immediately flush with a continuous water stream for at least 20 minutes. Washing immediately
after exposure is expected to be effective in preventing damage to the eyes. Get immediate medical
attention.
KOWA AMERICAN DMC MSDS
JUNE 2004
PAGE 3
INHALATION: Remove to fresh air. If not breathing give artificial respiration. If there is breathing
difficulty, give oxygen. Get immediate medical attention.
INGESTION/SWALLOWED: Do not induce vomiting. Dilute by giving 1 or 2 glasses of milk or water.
Nothing by mouth if unconscious. Get immediate medical attention.
NOTE TO HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONALS: Overdose or over exposure to this material should be treated
as methanol poisoning since methanol is expected to be the primary metabolite of this product.
SECTION 5
FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES
63 掳F / 17 掳C [closed cup]
FLASH POINT:
EXPLOSION/FLAMMABLE LIMITS: Not known
458 掳C
AUTOIGNITION TEMPERATURE:
EXTINGUISHING MEDIA: Use dry chemical, foam, carbon dioxide, and water spray/fog as needed. For
large fires alcohol resistant foams are preferred.
SPECIAL FIRE FIGHTING PROCEDURES: This material is highly flammable. As in any fire, wear a self-
contained breathing apparatus pressure demand (MSHA/NIOSH approved or equivalent) and full
protective gear. Toxic vapors may evolve. Fight fires from a safe distance or protected areas. Fire hoses
with fog nozzles may be used for controlling fires. Use of large volumes of water may produce run-off
that could be harmful to aquatic life and/or pose a hazardous waste disposal problem. This substance is
partially water-soluble and therefore the use of water during fire fighting is expected to be relatively
effective. Water will dilute the compound, without the formation of an appreciable surface slick, and is
not expected to spread flaming.
UNUSUAL FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARDS: This material is highly flammable. Sealed containers can
explode in the heat of fire. Vapors may travel to ignition source. Run off may create an explosion, fire,
and environmental hazard.
SECTION 6
ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES
SPILL/RELEASE AND CLEANUP PROCEDURES: In case of spill, evacuate the area and remove all ignition
sources. Dike and contain spill with vermiculite, clay-based absorbents, or other absorbent materials
such as polyethylene fiber and polypropylene fiber products. Do not discharge the washings and other
effluents into ponds, streams, or lakes. Wear appropriate respiratory and protective clothing as described
in Section 8 during any cleanup and response activities. In the event of an uncontrolled release of this
material, the user should determine if the release is reportable under applicable laws and regulations.
This substance is partially water-soluble and is not expected to form an appreciable surface slick.
KOWA AMERICAN DMC MSDS
JUNE 2004
PAGE 4
SECTION 7
HANDLING AND STORAGE
PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN IN HANDLING AND STORAGE: This material must be stored in an area free
of heat and all ignition sources. Store in a cool dry place.
OTHER PRECAUTIONS: Do not drop. Keep away from fire, heat, open flames, lights, and all other
ignition sources. Wear goggles and gloves when handling. Avoid breathing vapors. Eye-wash stations
and emergency showers need to exist in areas where the material is handled, especially areas where
loading and unloading operations occur. Wash hands thoroughly after handling and before eating,
drinking, or smoking. Keep out of reach of children. Ground all containers when transferring the
material.
Do not contaminate water, food, or feed by storage or disposal. Keep the product in original containers.
Store in cool, dry, well ventilated, low fire risk area away from sunlight. Keep containers closed. Store
only in approved containers, under approved conditions. Avoid pressure build-up in containers. An
automatic water spray device should be immediately available. A spill control and containment plan
should be provided. Storage area should not be subject to rapid temperature changes as such changes
may cause increased internal pressure. Isolate from toxic materials or substances that may release
corrosive, toxic, or flammable fumes on reaction.
SECTION 8
EXPOSURE CONTROLS AND PERSONNEL PROTECTION
RESPIRATORY PROTECTION: Respirators equipped with organic vapor cartridges are anticipated to
provide adequate respiratory protection during short-term exposures to low vapor concentrations of the
material. Workers should wear a supplied-air respirator or self-contained breathing apparatus any time
exposure is above low levels or during extended exposure periods. Use MSHA/NIOSH-approved
respiratory equipment. Respirators should be selected based on the form and concentration of the
contaminant in the air and in accordance with OSHA (29 CFR 1910.134). Handle only in the presence
of adequate ventilation.
PROTECTIVE GLOVES: Wear chemical resistant gloves appropriate to the conditions to prevent skin
exposure. Gloves made of BUTYL RUBBER are anticipated to afford adequate hand protection. (Gloves
made of PVC, nitrile, and neoprene may not provide adequate hand protection.) Rinse and remove
gloves immediately after use, and wash hands thoroughly with soap and water. Gloves should be
removed and replaced immediately if there are any signs of degradation or breakthrough.
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING: Wear protective clothing and boots impervious to the product for the duration
of the anticipated exposure if there is a potential for skin contact. An emergency shower should be
readily accessible. Discard any contaminated clothing.
EYE PROTECTION: Chemical safety goggles meeting the specifications of ANSI Standard Z87.1 should
be worn whenever there is the possibility of contact with the eyes. Spectacle type safety glasses do not
provide satisfactory protection. An eyewash fountain should be readily accessible. Wear plastic face
shield in addition to safety goggles where there is a danger of splashing.
KOWA AMERICAN DMC MSDS
JUNE 2004
PAGE 5
AIR MONITORING: No information is available.
EXPOSURE GUIDELINES: No exposure guidelines have been established for this substance by OSHA,
ACGIH, or NIOSH. The 200 ppm exposure level is Kowa American recommends an occupational
exposure level over an 8-hour TWA. This level is based on OSHA鈥檚 and ACGIH鈥檚 exposure limit for
methanol which is expected to be the primary metabolite of dimethyl carbonate.
SECTION 9
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Appearance: Clear colorless liquid
Odor: Pleasant odor
90 掳C (760 mm Hg)
Boiling Point:
1.0706 (20 掳C)
Specific Gravity:
42 mm Hg (20 掳C)
Vapor Pressure:
55 mm Hg (25 掳C)
1.3687 (20 掳C)
Refractive Index (nD):
Acidity (pH): 6.4 - 6.8
0.625 cps (20 掳C)
Viscosity:
2 - 4 掳C
Freezing Point:
Solubility in Water: 13.9 g/100 g water
Color (APHA): 鈮? 20
3.1925 x 10-2 N/m
Surface Tension:
Volatile (%): 100%
Notes on Physical and Chemical Properties
None
SECTION 10
STABILITY AND REACTIVITY
STABILITY: Stable under normal conditions.
CONDITIONS TO AVOID: Avoid heat, fire, open flames, direct light, ignition sources, and UV radiation.
INCOMPATIBILITY/MATERIALS TO AVOID: Oxidizing and reducing agents.
HAZARDOUS DECOMPOSITION OR BYPRODUCTS: Not expected under normal conditions.
HAZARDOUS POLYMERIZATION: Hazardous polymerization will not occur.
KOWA AMERICAN DMC MSDS
JUNE 2004
PAGE 6
SECTION 11
TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
ACUTE TOXICOLOGICAL DATA:
Test Result
Oral Rat LD50 12,900 mg/kg
Oral Mouse LD50 6,000 mg/kg
Dermal Rat LD50 > 2,500 mg/kg
Dermal Rabbit LD50 5,000 mg/kg
Inhalation Rat LD50 > 140 mg/liter
IP Mouse LD50 800 - 1,600 mg/kg
OTHER ACUTE DATA: Rats exposed to up to 5,000 mg/kg showed clinical signs of hypoactivity, ataxia,
redness around the eyes and nose, and loss of righting reflex. Duration of exposure was not reported.
Separately, the primary expected metabolite of this compound is expected to be methanol. Methanol has
been shown to be poorly tolerated in man with over exposure resulting in serious effects including
central nervous system effects, blindness, and possibly death. These adverse effects have been reported
even at low levels of methanol exposure.
EYE IRRITATION DATA: This compound produced slight eye irritation when tested in rabbits.
SKIN IRRITATION DATA: This compound did not cause skin irritation when tested in rats and rabbits.
SKIN SENSITIZATION DATA: No data are available.
SUBCHRONIC DATA: No data are available.
REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY: No data are available.
KOWA AMERICAN DMC MSDS
JUNE 2004
PAGE 7
TERATOGENICITY (birth defects): Pregnant female CD-1 mice were exposed by inhalation to 0, 300, 1000,
or 3000 ppm during gestational days (GD) 6 through 15. Maternal body weights, clinical observations,
and food consumption were recorded throughout gestation. At scheduled euthanization on GD 18, fetuses
were weighed, sexed, and examined for external, visceral, and skeletal alterations. There were no
treatment-related deaths or clinical findings. Maternal body weights and body weight gains were
significantly reduced at 3000 ppm. Food consumption was also significantly reduced in the 1000 and 3000
ppm groups. Gestational parameters affected at 3000 ppm included post-implantation loss due to increased
resorptions and altered sex ratio (decreased males). Fetal body weights per litter were reduced at 3000
ppm, with increased number of stunted fetuses. Total incidences of fetal malformations (external, visceral,
and skeletal) were significantly increased at 3000 ppm and included cleft palate, microtia, low set ears,
multiple skull bone malformations, and fused vertebral arches. There was also a treatment-related increase
in skeletal variations at 3000 ppm. The NOEL for maternal and developmental toxicity was 1000 ppm.
MUTAGENICITY: This compound was found to be negative in the in vitro Ames test. The compound
was also negative in the Comet Assay which evaluates DNA damage and repair at the cellular level.
CHRONIC EFFECTS/CARCINOGENICITY: No data are available.
SECTION 12
ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
SUMMARY OF ECOLOGICAL DATA: Not expected to be toxic to fish, Daphnia, or bacteria. Modeling
data suggest that this compound may be harmful, possibly toxic, to algae. Low potential to
bioaccumulate; readily biodegradable.
ECOTOXICOLOGICAL DATA:
Test Result
Fish 鈥? OECD 203
NOEC50 96-hr 1,000 mg/l
Daphnia 鈥? estimated via model
LC50 48-hr 2,920 mg/l
Algae 鈥? estimated via model
EC50 96-hr 9 mg/l
Bacteria 鈥? OECD 209 > 1,000 mg/l
EC50
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE DATA: This compound was found to be greater than 90% biodegradable after
28 days under OECD 301C. The BCF is estimated to be 3.16 and as such is not expected to
bioaccumulate. Distribution in the environment is expected to be roughly equal across water, air, and
soil media with half-lives on the order of hundreds of hours.
KOWA AMERICAN DMC MSDS
JUNE 2004
PAGE 8
PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES: The computer-modeled Log Kow was found to be 0.23. The
Henry鈥檚 Law constant is modeled to be 6.2 x 10-4 atm 路 m3/mol. Partially soluble in water. The
computer-modeled koc is predicted to be 8.25.
SECTION 13
DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS
RCRA CLASSIFICATION: If discarded in its manufactured form, this product is a characteristic hazardous
waste under RCRA. However, it is the responsibility of the user to determine at the time of disposal
whether a material containing the product or derived from the product should be classified as a
hazardous waste.
SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS: Do not discharge effluent containing this product into municipal sewers or
open bodies of water. This material is soluble in water. This substance may be a characteristic hazardous
waste under RCRA. All recovered material should be packaged, labeled, transported, and disposed of in
conformance with applicable laws and regulations. Incinerate the wastes in an approved facility that
complies with local, state, and federal regulations. For disposing of the container, completely empty the
container. Rinse empty container with water and dispose of the container in a sanitary landfill or by
incineration.
SECTION 14
TRANSPORT INFORMATION
U.S./INTERNATIONAL SHIPPING INFORMATION UNDER DOT/IMO/IATA REGULATIONS:
Label/Placard: Flammable liquid
Proper Shipping Name: Dimethyl carbonate
Hazard Class: Class 3, Packaging Group II
UN or ID No.: UN 1161
Notes on Transport Information
None
SECTION 15
REGULATORY INFORMATION
REGULATORY STATUS: This substance is listed on the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical
Substance Inventory. This product, as well as its impurities, may trigger other specific reporting,
recordkeeping, and testing requirements under: EPCRA/SARA III, RCRA, CERCLA, CAA, SDWA,
and CWA.
CALIFORNIA PROPOSITION 65: This compound contains no chemicals known to the State of California
to cause cancer or reproductive toxicity.
KOWA AMERICAN DMC MSDS
JUNE 2004
PAGE 9
OTHER STATE CHEMICAL LISTS: This compound is identified on several state chemical lists including
but not limited to Massachusetts, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania.
STATUS UNDER THE CLEAN AIR ACT: Under the Clean Air Act, DMC is not regulated as a hazardous
air pollutant (HAP) or ozone depleting substance (ODS). DMC has a very low ozone reactivity potential
based on its Maximum Incremental Reactivity (MIR) value of 0.06 grams ozone / grams VOC.
(California Air Resource Board (CARB) database for ozone compliance with aerosol coatings.)
Under CARB鈥檚 new solvent-weighted reactivity rules, the use of DMC in aerosol coatings significantly
reduces the VOC content in a finished product. For comparison purposes, listed below are the gram and
mole MIR values for DMC, as well as for three VOC exempt compounds, methyl acetate, ethane, and
acetone. (A VOC exemption request has recently been filed with EPA for DMC.)
Table of MIR Values
Methyl acetate Ethane Acetone
DMC
grams ozone / grams 0.07 0.31 0.43
0.06
VOC
grams ozone / moles 5.2 9.3 25.0
5.4
VOC
SECTION 16
OTHER INFORMATION
DISCLAIMER: The information presented herein is believed to be factual. However, none of this
information is to be taken as a warranty or representation for which Kowa American Corporation, its
affiliates, the chemical manufacturer, or the preparer bears legal responsibility. The user should review
any recommendation in the specific context of the intended use to determine whether it is appropriate.
KOWA AMERICAN DMC MSDS
JUNE 2004
PAGE 10
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