HARDFACING GUIDE
Product and Procedure Selection
Selection Guide to Lincoln
Hardfacing Materials and Procedures
Lists Recommended Materials and Methods for
Hardfacing Over 200 Common Components
Table of Contents
Section 1: Introduction Section 6: Cement, Brick and Clay
Benefits of Hardfacing .....................................................3 Cement Mill Components ..............................................27
Build-Up and Hardfacing .................................................3 Pulverizer Mill Components ............................................28
Consumable Selection ....................................................3 Brick and Clay Manufacturing Components ..................29
Applying The Weld Deposits ............................................4 Other Industry Components ..........................................30
Dependable Supply, Dependable Products .....................4
Section 7: Dredging
Section 2: Lincoln Product Data Dredge Pump Parts .................................................31-32
Lincoln Hardfacing Products ...........................................5 Other Dredging Parts ....................................................33
Hardfacing Applications & Selection of Products .............6
Section 8: Iron and Steel
Competitive Product Comparison Charts .....................7-9
Industry Components ..............................................34-35
Section 3: Heavy Construction Steel Mill Roll Rebuilding ...............................................36
Tractor Parts .................................................................10 Foundry Parts ...............................................................37
Tractor and Shovel Parts ...............................................11 Other Iron and Steel Applications ..................................37
Power Shovel, Dragline Buckets and
Section 9: Other Industries
Bucket Teeth Rebuilding ......................................12-13
Power Shovel Transmission Parts .............................14-15 Rubber Industry Mixing Machines ..................................38
and Ditcher Parts Railroads .......................................................................39
Miscellaneous Applications.............................................16 Logging .........................................................................39
Paper Pulp Digester Cladding .......................................40
Section 4: Mining Rebuilding Tool Joints ...................................................41
Industry Components ..............................................17-18 Rebuilding Other Drilling Equipment ..............................42
Mine Car Wheels ......................................................19-20 Other Miscellaneous Applications ...................................42
Other Mining Industry Components ...............................21
Section 10: Procedures and Welding Techniques
Section 5: Crushing and Grinding Process Selection ..........................................................43
Impact Crushers Components .................................22-23 General Guidelines ...................................................43-47
Other Crushing, Grinding & Screening Components.......24 General Welding Procedures ....................................47-49
Neutral Hardfacing Fluxes ..............................................49
Special Feature: Hardfacing Tear-Out Chart .............25-26
Preheat Recommendation Chart .................................50
2
Introduction 1
SECTION
Benefits of Hardfacing b. Severe Impact � Wear from severe pounding
which tends to squash, gouge and crack the
Hardfacing is a low cost method of depositing wear
surface. Manganese steel deposits, which work
resistant surfaces on metal components to extend service
harden in service, provide the greatest impact
life. Although used primarily to restore worn parts to
wear resistance.
usable condition, hardfacing is also applied to new
c. Abrasion Plus Impact � Wear from gritty material
components before being placed into service.
accompanied by heavy pounding which tends to
chip or crack, as well as grind, away the surface.
In addition to extending the life of new and worn compon-
ents, hardfacing provides the following benefits: d. Severe Abrasion � Wear from gritty materials
which grind or erode the surface. Severe abrasion
� Fewer replacement parts needed.
is often accompanied by heavy compression or
� Operating efficiency is increased by reducing
moderate impact. Hard deposits are required to
downtime.
resist abrasion but they may also need substantial
� Less expensive base metal can be used. impact resistance.
� Overall costs are reduced. e. Metal-to-Earth Abrasion � Wear from earth-like
materials accompanied by moderate impact
(pounding.)
Build-up and Hardfacing
Restoring worn parts frequently involves the following f. Corrosion � Chemical attack.
three steps:
In many, if not most cases, the effective wear is a
1. Buttering � For a deposit that will dilute the carbon
result of a combination of two or more of the
and alloy content of base metal.
phenomena described in this section.
2. Build-up � Seriously worn areas should be rebuilt
close to working size using tough, crack-resistant
3. Arc Welding Method � The choice of arc welding
welding materials which can be deposited in an
method depends primarily upon the size and number
unlimited number of layers.
of components, available positioning equipment and
3. Hardfacing � Wear resistant surfaces deposited on frequency of hardfacing. Available methods are as
the base metal or on build-up deposits extend service follows:
life. Hardfacing is usually limited to one, two, or three
a. Manual Welding using stick electrodes requires the
layers.
least amount of equipment and provides maximum
flexibility for welding in remote locations and all
Consumable Selection positions.
Welding material selection depends upon three major b. Semiautomatic Welding uses wire feeders and
factors: self-shielded, flux-cored Lincore electrodes increas-
ing deposition rates over manual welding.
1. Base Metal � Primarily affects the choice of
build-up materials. c. Automatic Welding requires the greatest amount of
initial setup, but provides the highest deposition
a. Manganese steel is used for components subject
rates for maximum productivity. It can be done with
to high impact loading. Rebuild to size using
combinations of:
manganese steel weld deposits.
(1) Neutral flux and alloy wire.
b. Carbon and alloy steel components are rebuilt to
size using low alloy steel weld deposits. (2) Alloy flux and mild steel wire.
(3) Self-shielded flux-cored wire with or without flux.
2. Type of Wear � The primary consideration in select-
ing the final hardfacing layers is the type of wear to be
encountered in service. These include:
a. Metal-to-Metal Friction � Wear from steel parts
rolling or sliding against each other with little or
no lubrication.
3
Distortion � A small amount of distortion can destroy
Applying the Weld Deposits
the usability of some parts. Rigid bracing, pre-bending,
Cleanliness � Remove rust, dirt, grease, oil and other
skip welding and other distortion control techniques
contaminants from the surfaces to be welded.
may be required.
Surface Preparation � Badly cracked, deformed or
Welding Procedures � Obtain the recommended
work hardened surfaces should be removed by
starting procedures from the appropriate Lincoln
grinding, machining or carbon-arc gouging.
product literature or from procedures and techniques,
etc., in this manual. The procedures and techniques
Deposit Thickness � Avoid excessive build-up of
listed are general guidelines for specific applications.
hardfacing deposits or they may crack and break off
Final responsibility must be that of the builder/user.
rapidly in service. If thick deposits are needed, use the
appropriate build-up materials before hardfacing.
IMPORTANT: SPECIAL VENTILATION
AND/OR EXHAUST REQUIRED
Preheat and Interpass Temperature � The combi-
Fumes from the normal use of certain hardfacing welding products contain
nation of alloy content, carbon content, massive size significant quantities of components such as chromium and manganese
and part rigidity creates a necessity to preheat in many which can lower the 5.0 mg/m3 maximum exposure guideline for general
welding fume.
build-up and hardfacing operations. (See the chart of
BEFORE USE, READ AND UNDERSTAND THE MATERIAL SAFETY
recommended preheats at the end of this publication.)
DATA SHEET (MSDS) FOR THIS PRODUCT AND SPECIFIC
Slow cooling may also be needed. Low or minimum INFORMATION PRINTED ON THE PRODUCT CONTAINER.
preheat, low heat input, and low interpass temperature
are used on Manganese steels. Customer Assistance Policy
The business of The Lincoln Electric Company is manufacturing and selling high quality
Caution � Manganese steel becomes brittle if welding equipment, consumables, and cutting equipment. Our challenge is to meet the
overheated. While a 100°F to 200°F preheat may be needs of our customers and to exceed their expectations. On occasion, purchasers may ask
Lincoln Electric for advice or information about their use of our products. We respond to our
required, do not allow interpass temperatures to customers based on the best information in our possession at that time. Lincoln Electric is
not in a position to warrant or guarantee such advice, and assumes no liability, with respect
exceed 500°F. to such information or advice. We expressly disclaim any warranty of any kind, including any
warranty of fitness for any customer’s particular purpose, with respect to such information or
Caution � Some alloy steel components require a advice. As a matter of practical consideration, we also cannot assume any responsibility for
updating or correcting any such information or advice once it has been given, nor does the
specific heat treatment to perform properly in service. provision of information or advice create, expand or alter any warranty with respect to the
sale of our products.
This must be considered when preheating and
welding. Contact the part maker for information. Lincoln Electric is a responsive manufacturer, but the selection and use of specific products
sold by Lincoln Electric is solely within the control of, and remains the sole responsibility of
the customer. Many variables beyond the control of Lincoln Electric affect the results
obtained in applying these type of fabrication methods and service requirements.
Dependable Supply, Dependable Products
Lincoln Electric is the world’s leading manufacturer of Quality and reliability also depend on careful selection
arc welding products. With District Offices in principal and monitoring of sources and vendors, strict process
U.S. cities, factory trained technical representatives, control and chemical inspection. Every incoming coil
and hundreds of distributors, our sales and service of rod must pass a comprehensive spectrographic
cover the globe. As a special support for this distribu- analysis. Incoming chemicals are thoroughly tested for
tion network, our welding technology center, located at basic constituents and undesirable or so-called “tramp�
world headquarters in Cleveland, Ohio, handles the elements. Every coating and flux mix is chemically
toughest problems. This provides information and analyzed by an x-ray fluorescence spectrometer to
products when and where you need it � worldwide. ensure consistent quality and formula integrity. Finished
product welding tests ensure that all electrodes meet
Product quality assurance at Lincoln Electric is a Lincoln’s high standards for operator appeal.
company-wide activity. Our unique incentive system
gives our people a reward, and a responsibility, for
producing quality electrodes.
4
Lincoln Product Data 2
SECTION
Lincoln Hardfacing Products
BUILD-UP MATERIALS
Manual Welding Description Deposit Characteristics
Wearshieldâ„? BU Weld deposits are partly ferritic and partly a. Deposit thickness unlimited. Except Lincore
Wearshield BU30 bainitic. Harder deposits have higher wear 33/801.
resistance.
Semiautomatic Welding b. As welded deposits can be machined with carbide
Self-Shielded, Flux-Cored Electrodes Applications tools if low alloy procedures and slow cooling rates
are used. Harder deposits are finished by grinding
Lincore 33 Lincore BU For building up worn carbon and low alloy steel
or can be annealed, machined and heat-treated.
Lincore 40-O Lincore BU-G parts prior to hardfacing. Sometimes used as a
Deposits are hot forgeable.
final overlay on applications which require
Automatic Welding subsequent machining.
Lincore 4130/801
Lincore 20/801
Typical Applications:
Lincore 8620/801
Lincore 30-S/801 For Manganese Steel Build-Up
Tractor Rollers, Idlers, Drive Sprockets, Power
Lincore 35-S/801
Shovel Tumblers, Shafts,Trunnions,Cams, See “Severe Impact Materials�
H-535/L-60 (Low Alloy Procedure) Mine Cars and Crane Wheels.
METAL-TO-METAL WEAR MATERIALS
Manual Welding
Description Deposit Characteristics
Wearshield MI
Weld deposits are martensitic. Harder a. Resists edge distortion and “mushrooming.�
Wearshield MM
deposits have higher wear resistance.
Wearshield T & D
Wearshield MI offers impact resistance. b. Wearshield T & D and Lincore T & D have a
Semiautomatic Welding deposit similar to a type H-12 tool steel. Both can
Flux-Cored, Gas-Shielded & Self-Shielded Electrodes Applications be used to rebuild dies and metal cutting edges.
Lincore 33 Lincore 55-G To resist wear from parts rolling or sliding
c. Deposit thickness limited to 3 layers for
Lincore 40-O Lincore BU-G against each other with little or no lubrication.
Lincore 55 and H-535/L-60 and 4 layers for
Lincore 55 Lincore T & D Where “as welded� machinability is not
Lincore 40-S/801.
required.
Automatic Welding
Flux-Cored Electrodes/Neutral Fluxes d. If required, grind or anneal, machine and heat
Typical Applications:
treat.
Lincore 410/801
Lincore 32-S/802
Hardfacing overlay on: Tractor Rollers; Idlers
Lincore 410NiMo/801
Lincore 33/801
and Drive Sprockets; Power Shovel Tumblers; e. Lincore 35-S, Lincore 40-S and all caster roll repair
Lincore 420/801
Lincore 35-S/801 Shafts; Trunnions; Cams; Mine Car and Crane electrode deposits are readily machinable under
Lincore 423L/802
Lincore 40-S/801 Wheels. Brake Drums; Pinch Rolls; Coiler controlled conditions.
Lincore 423Cr/802
Lincore 42-S/802 Rolls; Continuous Caster Rolls; Extruder Rams;
Lincore 424A/801
Lincore 96S/801 Shafts; Rail ends (Wearshield MM40). f. Lincore 96S, 410, 410NiMo, 420, 423L, 423Cr
Lincore 4130/801
Lincore 102 HC/802
and 424A are used to rebuild caster rolls. See
Mine Car Wheels
Lincore T&D/802
Lincore 102W/802 Bulletin C7.10.
Alloy Fluxes/Solid Electrodes
A-96S/L-60 (420 Stainless - High Alloy
Procedure)
Dies
A-100/L-60 (410 Stainless - High Alloy
Procedure) Idlers
Caster Rolls
H-535/L-60 (High Alloy Procedure)
SEVERE ABRASION MATERIALS
Manual Welding Description Deposit Characteristics
The weld deposits consist of hard chromium a. Often deposited over build-up layers of
Wearshield 60 Wearshield SM80
carbide crystals in a tough matrix. Harder deposits “Severe Impact� materials.
Wearshield 70
are higher in abrasion resistance. b. Good corrosion resistance.
Semiautomatic Welding
Applications c. Good high temperature [up to 1000°F (538°C)
Lincore 60-O To resist wear from gritty materials like sand that abrasion resistance. Wearshield 70 can be used
Lincore 65-O up to 1400ËšF (760ËšC).
grind or erode the surface. Often accompanied by
heavy compression or moderate impact.
Automatic Welding d. Deposit thickness usually limited to 2 layers
[5/16" (8mm) total]. Deposits tend to cross crack.
Typical Applications:
Lincore 60-S/803 H-560/L-60
e. Compression resistance of H-560/L-60, Lincore
Scarifier teeth; grader blades; pug mill paddles;
60-O and Lincore 60-S deposit is excellent.
bucket lips; pulverizer jaws; screw conveyors;
dredge pump casings; coal pulverizer rolls, f. Usually used without finishing. If required, finish
by grinding. Not machinable or forgeable.
dragline bucket sides and bottom, wear plates.
5
SEVERE IMPACT MATERIALS
Deposit Characteristics
Manual Welding Description
The weld deposits are austenitic (non- a. Recommended for build-up of manganese steel
Wearshield 15CrMn Wearshield Mangjet ®
magnetic). Work harden when pounded in parts.
Wearshield FrogMang® service to develop maximum hardness and
b. Deposit thickness unlimited.
wear resistance. Therefore, as welded
hardness is not a measure of wear resistance.
Semiautomatic Welding c. Wearshield 15CrMn and Lincore 15CrMn used for
joining manganese steel to manganese steel or to
Self-Shielded, Flux-Cored Electrodes Applications
carbon steel. Their deposits have excellent
To resist wear from severe pounding which
Lincore 15CrMn Lincore M resistance to cracking.
tends to squash, gouge and crack the surface.
Lincore FrogMang
d. Usually used without finishing. Although machining
Typical Applications:
the tough deposits is not recommended, it can be
Automatic Welding Dipper teeth and lips; buckets; crawler track done with rigid equipment and carbide tools. Not
pads and sprockets; austenitic manganese
Flux-Cored Electrodes/Neutral Fluxes hot forgeable.
frogs and crossing diamonds; mill wobblers;
Lincore 15CRMnLS/803 dragline pins and links; crusher rolls and
heads; dredge pump casings; hammers,
Lincore M-1/801
impactor bars.
ABRASION PLUS IMPACT MATERIALS
Manual Welding Description Deposit Characteristics
The weld deposits are primarily austenite with
Wearshield 44 Wearshield MI a. Often deposited over build-up layers of
austenite � carbide eutectic. They will work
Wearshield ABR “Severe Impact� type materials.
harden to a limited extent when pounded in
service. Hardness of the “As Welded� deposit
Semiautomatic Welding is not a measure of wear resistance. b. Deposit thickness usually limited to 2 layers
(5/16" total) for Wearshield ABR or Wearshield MI,
Self-Shielded, Flux-Cored Electrodes Applications
or 3 layers for Wearshield 44 or Lincore 50,
To resist wear from gritty material accom-
Lincore 50 deposits will tend to cross crack.
panied by heavy pounding which tends to chip
or crack as well as grind away the surface.
c. Usually used without finishing. If required, finish
Typical Applications:
Automatic Welding by grinding or anneal, machine with carbide tools
Bulldozer blades; pump housings; dredge and heat treat. Deposits can be hot forged
Flux-Cored Electrodes/Neutral Fluxes
cutter teeth; tractor grousers; conveyor (except Lincore 50 and Wearshield MI).
Lincore 50/801 buckets; crusher mantles; shovel tracks;
dipper teeth and lips; car shredder hammers.
METAL-TO-EARTH ABRASION
Manual Welding Description
Deposit Characteristics
The weld deposits are a near-eutectic mix of
Wearshield 60 Wearshield ME
a. Often deposited over build-up layers of
austenite and carbides.
“Severe Impact� type materials.
Semiautomatic Welding Applications
b. Deposits cross crack.
To resist abrasion from earth-like materials with
Lincore 50-O Lincore 60-O
moderate impact. c. Deposits “scour� to a high polish for low friction.
Lincore 60-G
Typical Applications: d. Not machinable or forgeable.
Automatic Welding Dozer blades, blast furnace bells, bucket teeth
Alloy Fluxes/Solid Electrodes
H-560/L-60 (High Alloy Procedure)
6
Lincoln Manual Hardfacing Comparison Charts
Metal-to-Metal Metal-to-metal
Build-up Metal-to-metal (Martensite/ Tool Steel Severe Impact Abrasion Plus Impact
Stick (Ferrite/Bainite) (Martensite) Austenite) (Martensite) (Austenite/Manganese) (Austenite/Carbide)
Lincoln Wearshield Wearshield Wearshield Wearshield Wearshield Wearshield Wearshield Wearshield Wearshield Wearshield
BU BU30 MM MI T&D Mangjet 15CrMn Frog Mang ABR 44
Stoody Build-up Build-up Multipass Selfharding 102-E Dynamang, 2110 Track Wear 77 19, 21,
LH 22/1027 Nicromang 31, 33
McKay Hardalloy � Hardalloy � Hardalloy Hardalloy Chrome-Mang Hardalloy � Hardalloy
32 58 61 118 119 40Tic, 48
Alloy Rods 3IP 4IP 5IP Ni-Manganese Super WH
Bohler Fox dur 250 Fox dur 600 Fox 12MN1-A Fox Chromos Fox dur 650K6
Certanium 293, 723 267 211 298, 299 245 215,222 215, 222
Eutectic Ferrotrode N61 EUS 550 6H-SS Eutectrode 3205 N70
28 4, 40
Hobart Smootharc � 600 150 MC 16
250, 320
Rankin BU/700 Ranite BX,B Ranite G, D Ranmang Ranmang 3 Ranite J Ranite F
Rexarc MB-35 � 48 Build-Bond MN-100 � 55 �
Stultz Sickles Build-up Manganese XL � � Universal HF
Weldmold HD 515 � � 362 325 � �
NOTE: The competitive products shown are the closest equivalent to a Lincoln product and may vary in operation characteristics and performance.
Lincoln Manual Hardfacing Comparison Charts
Metal to Earth
Austenitic Severe Abrasions
Stick and Eutectic Primary Carbides
Carbides
Lincoln Wearshield Wearshield Wearshield
ME 60 70
DeLoro 35 Coated Tube Stoodite XHC
Stellite Stoodite 2134 Super 20
McKay Hardalloy Hardalloy Hardalloy
140 55 55Tic
Alloy Rods 40
Bohler Fox dur 60 Fox dur 65
Certanium 246 230, 250 247,297
Euctectic N6006 N6006 N6710
N6715
Hobart 35 38 45
Rankin Ranite 4 4 �
Rexarc 60 65 �
Stultz Ultra Hard 60 (60)
Sickles
Weldmold 358 � �
7
Hardfacing Comparison Chart
Semiautomatic and Automatic Welding Products
Open Arc, Self-Shielded, and Gas-Shielded
Abrasion Plus
Metal-to-Metal
Build-up Metal-to-Metal Severe Impact Impact Severe Abrasion
Tool Steel
Stick Ferritic Bainitic Martensitic Austenitic Manganese Austenitic Primary Carbides
Martensitic
and Carbides
Lincore Lincore Lincore
Lincoln Lincore 33 Lincore Lincore Lincore Lincore Lincore M 15CrMn Lincore Lincore 60-0 Lincore
BU Lincore 40-O 55 55-G T&D Lincore M-1 Lincore Frogmang 50 Lincore 65-0
BU-G 15CrMnLS 60-G
Stoody Build-up Super 105 965 102-O 102G-0 Dynamang 110 Track 117, 121, 100HC 100HD
Build-up 965 Nicromang Wear 100 101HC,O,G 100XHC
McKay BU-0 242-0 242-O 258-O 258-0 218-0 AP-0 219-0 244-0 255-0 263-0
Alloy Rods � Wear O Matic 6 � � Nickel Mang Super WH Wear O Matic 40 15
3 12
Certanium � � 246FC � 282FC 248FC 247FC
Euctectic � 3010A 4415 DO-04 3220A 3005A 4025A
DO-15 4601-A 4601-A
Hobart Build-up 960-0 150-0 MC-0 14-0 � 43-0
Rankin Build-up A Ranomang Ranomang O, F, BX-2 H H, D
Ranomatic
BX,D 2 3
Rexarc AS-3 A480 � NI-MN 1414 A-11 A-01
Stultz Sickles Build-up 505A 5O-5A Manganese 1616S/A 12S/A Super 20
XL-SA
Welding Alloys T-0 P-0 WD W-O NM-0 AP-0 MC-0 HC-0 CN-0
Weldmold 525FC � 958 � � � �
8
Hardfacing Comparison Charts
Semiautomatic and Automatic Welding Products
Submerged Arc
Abrasion
Metal-to-Metal Thermal Fatigue and Severe Impact plus Impact
Sub Arc Corrosion Hi Chromium Martensite Austenitic Manganese Austenite
and Carbides
Lincoln Lincore Lincore Lincore Lincore Lincore Lincore Lincore A96S A100 Lincore M1 Lincore Lincore
410 / 801 410NiMo/801 420 / 801 96-S / 801 424A / 801 423L / 802 423Cr / 802 L60 L60 801 15CrMn/801 50 / 801
Stoody 410NiMo 420-S 4552 424 423-S 423H 117, 121
100
McKay A2JL-S A250-S 868-S 865-S 805-S MOD 244-S
Hobart
Rankin
Rexarc A 420
Welding V-S 414M-S
Alloys
Alloy Rods 420S
Metal-
Build-up & Metal-To-Metal to-Metal Metal-to-Metal Tool Steel
Sub-Arc Ferritic Bainitic Martensitic Martensitic
Lincoln L-60/ Lincore Lincore Lincore Lincore Lincore Lincore Lincore Lincore Lincore Lincore
H535 8620 / 801 4130 / 801 20 / 801 30-S / 801 32-S / 801 35-S / 801 40-S/801 102W / 802 102HC / 802 T&D / 802
Stoody 8620/ 4130 104/ 104/ 104TJ/ 107/ 105 / 105B 102 102S 102G
Linde 50 Linde 50 Linde 50 Linde 50 Linde 50 Linde 50
Roll Rite Flux Roll Rite Flux
McKay BU-S/ 242-S 252-S 821-S 258-S
Linde 50
Hobart Build-up S Build-up-S 40-S 55-S 55-S
Rankin 408 400 700 550 200
Rexarc AS-3 AS-3 A-17
Welding B-S B-S T-S P-S, R-S
Alloys
Alloy Rods 3 3 8 7
Severe Abrasion
Sub-Arc Primary Carbide
Lincoln Lincore Lincore Lincore L-60/
60-S / 803 60-O / 803 65-O / 803 H-560
Stoody 100 HC 100 XHC
103 100HD
McKay 255-S 263-S
Hobart 43-S / 38-S
Rankin 300
Rexarc A-650
Welding MC-S
Alloys HC-S
9
Heavy Construction 3
SECTION
Huge pieces of equipment are used to build highways,
shopping centers, dams, airports, buildings and other
projects. Typical example is earth moving tractors that
require undercarriage and blade maintenance.
The equipment has many parts that wear from metal-to-metal
friction. These parts can be restored by using Lincoln’s build-
up and metal-to-metal wear resistant hardfacing products.
Much of the equipment will utilize a blade or plow to move
the earth. These parts can be restored by using Lincoln’s
abrasion plus impact, metal-to-earth or severe abrasion
resistant hardfacing products.
Mining, Crushing and Grinding, and many other industries have
combinations of impact and abrasion. No hardfacing material
can be ideal for both. The following scale provides some
guidance: Hardfacing products for Abrasion and Impact.
Stick Electrodes Wires
Wearshield 44 Lincore 40-O
Increasing Increasing
Wearshield 60 Lincore 42-S
Abrasion Impact
Wearshield 70 Lincore 50
Resistance Wearshield ABR Lincore 55 Resistance
Wearshield ME Lincore 55-G
Lincore 60-G
Lincore 60-O
Lincore 65-O
Lincore T & D
Tractor Parts
Rails Top Carrier Rolls Drive Sprockets
Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing
Wearshield BU Wearshield BU Manual Wearshield BU
Wearshield MM Manual
Manual Wearshield MM Wearshield MM
Wearshield BU30 Wearshield BU30 Wearshield BU30
Lincore 33
Lincore 33 Lincore 33
Semi- Lincore 33 Lincore 40-O Semi- Lincore 33 Semi- Lincore 55
Lincore 40-O Lincore 40-O
automatic Lincore BU-G Lincore 55 automatic Lincore BU-G automatic Lincore 55-G
Lincore 55 Lincore BU-G
Lincore 55-G
Lincore 30-S/801 Comments: Rebuild the badly worn areas with the
H-535/L-60
Lincore 20/801
Lincore 40-S/801 recommended build-up material, then hardface to
Lincore 40-S/801
Lincore 20/801 Automatic Lincore 30-S/801
Automatic H-535/L-60 resist metal-to-metal wear. Preheat is
Lincore 42-S/801
Lincore 30-S/801 Lincore BU
Lincore 35-S/801 recommended.
Lincore 55
Lincore 42-S/801
Comments: Prepare the rolls by cleaning the
Comments: Most economically rebuilt using surfaces and removing bushings. Build-up with
submerged arc automatic welding methods. the recommended materials and add two layers of
Contact The Lincoln Electric Company for details. hardfacing to resist metal-to-metal wear.
When rebuilding a number of rolls automatic
Can be rebuilt for metal-to-metal wear with manual
or semiautomatic methods using the materials submerged arc welding is most economical.
recommended above. Start with stringer beads Contact The Lincoln Electric Company for details.
applied at the middle of the rail or link and work to
the outside edges. Preheat is recommended.
10
Tractor and Shovel Parts
Shovel Rollers
Rollers Idlers
Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing
Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing
Wearshield BU
Wearshield BU Wearshield BU
Manual Wearshield MM
Manual Wearshield MM Manual Wearshield MM
Wearshield BU30
Wearshield BU30 Wearshield BU30
Lincore 33 Lincore 33
Lincore 33
Semi- Lincore 33 Lincore 40-O Semi- Lincore 33 Lincore 40-O
Semi- Lincore 33 Lincore 40-O
automatic Lincore BU-G Lincore 55 automatic Lincore BU-G Lincore 55
automatic Lincore BU-G Lincore 55
Lincore 55-G Lincore 55-G
Lincore 55-G
H-535/L-60 H-535/L-60
H-535/L-60
Lincore 30-S/801 Automatic H-535/L-60 Lincore 35-S/801
H-535/L-60 H-535/L-60 Lincore 35-S/801
Automatic
Automatic Lincore 35-S/801 Lincore 30-S/801 Lincore 40-S/801
Lincore 30-S/801 Lincore 30-S/801 Lincore 40-S/801
Lincore 40-S/801 Lincore 42-S/801
Lincore 42-S/801
Lincore 42-S/801
Comments: Rebuild close to size with the Comments: Rebuild with the recommended
Comments: Build the idlers to size and hardface
appropriate build-up material and hardface for material. When manual welding one layer of
with the recommended materials. Automatic
metal-to-metal wear. Automatic welding with a Wearshield MM adds metal-to-metal wear
submerged arc welding is most economical.
flux-cored electrode and submerged arc flux or a resistance. Preheat is recommended.
Either stringer or transverse beads can be applied.
solid electrode and alloy flux provides significant
Preheat is recommended.
savings. Preheat is recommended.
Track Pads
Drive Tumblers Boom Heels
Base Metal: Carbon Steel
Base Metal: Carbon Steel Base Metal: Carbon Steel
Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing
Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing
Wearshield BU
Wearshield BU Wearshield BU
Manual Wearshield MM
Manual Wearshield MM Manual Wearshield MM
Wearshield BU30
Wearshield BU30 Wearshield BU30
Lincore 40-O
Lincore 33
Semi- Lincore 33 Lincore 33
Lincore 55
Semi- Lincore 33 Lincore 40-O
automatic Lincore BU-G Semi- Lincore 33 Lincore 40-O
Lincore 55-G
automatic Lincore BU-G Lincore 55
automatic Lincore BU-G Lincore 55
Lincore 55-G H-535/L-60 Lincore 55-G
Base Metal: Manganese Steel H-535/L-60 Lincore 40-S/801
Base Metal: Manganese Steel
Automatic
Lincore 30-S/801 Lincore 42-S/801
Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing
Lincore 55/801 Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing
Wearshield 15CrMnWearshield 15CrMn Base Metal: Manganese Steel Mangjet
Manual Wearshield Frogmang Wearshield Frogmang Wearshield15CrMn
Manual Wearshield
Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing
Wearshield Mangjet Wearshield Mangjet Wearshield Mangjet
Wearshield15CrMn
Wearshield 15CrMn Wearshield 15CrMn
Lincore 15CrMn Lincore 15CrMn
Manual
Semi-
Wearshield MangjetWearshield Mangjet
Lincore Frogmang Lincore Frogmang Semi- Lincore 15CrMn Lincore 15CrMn
automatic
Lincore M Lincore M automatic Lincore M Lincore M
Lincore 15CrMn
Semi- Lincore 15CrMn
Lincore Frogmang
Comments: Rebuild to size using the Comments: Rebuild to size using the material
automatic Lincore M
Lincore M
recommended material appropriate for the base recommended for the base metal and welding
metal and method. One layer of Wearshield MM method. Hardface to resist metal-to-metal wear.
Comments: Rebuild pads to size and hardface
can be added to carbon-steel tumblers manually
with materials recommended for the base metal.
for better metal-to-metal wear.
Special ventilation and/or exhaust may be
required.
11
Power Shovel and Dragline Buckets
and Bucket Teeth Rebuilding
Whether removing earth overburden prior to excavating for
coal or minerals, or building highways or other construction
projects, power shovel buckets and bucket teeth are subject-
ed to varying degrees of abrasion and impact. Some types of
sandy soils are very abrasive but do not provide much in the
way of impact wear. Rocky soils are not only abrasive but
provide moderate to heavy impact wear. The type of
wear involved will indicate the type of hardfacing materials to
be used.
Bucket
Teeth Hardfacing Weld Bead Placement
Build-up top and sides of teeth solid from tip back 2" (50mm). Also put beads
of hardfacing material all the way around periphery of teeth. Place balance of
beads to resist type of service involved:
For Rock For Both Rock and
For Dirt or Clay For Sand or Slag Sand or Dirt
Metal-to-Earth
Build-Up
Welding Severe Abrasion and Abrasion and
Abrasion
Material
Type of Tooth Process Abrasion Impact Impact
Wearshield 44 Wearshield 44
Wearshield 15CrMn Wearshield 60
Wearshield ME
Manual Wearshield ABR Wearshield ABR
Wearshield Frogmang Wearshield 70
Wearshield ME Wearshield ME
Wearshield Mangjet
Manganese
Steel Lincore 15CrMn
Lincore 60-O Lincore 60-O Lincore 50 Lincore 50
Semiautomatic Lincore Frogmang
Lincore 65-O Lincore 65-O
Lincore M
Wearshield 44 Wearshield 44
Wearshield 60
Manual Wearshield BU Wearshield ME Wearshield ABR Wearshield ABR
Wearshield 70
Carbon or Wearshield BU30 Wearshield ME Wearshield ME
Alloy Steel
Lincore 33 Lincore 60-O Lincore 60-O
Semiautomatic Lincore 50 Lincore 50
Lincore BU-G Lincore 65-O Lincore 65-O
Hardfacing Weld Bead Placement
Hardface top of leading edge of bucket lip solid from tip back approximately 2" (50mm). Place
balance of beads to resist type of service involved.
Bucket
Lips For Dirt, Clay For Both Rock and
and or Sand For Rock or Slag Sand or Dirt
Bodies Place beads perpendicular Place beads parallel to
Use waffle pattern
to material flow material flow
NOTE: Use welding materials comparable to those recommended for Bucket Teeth.
II. Recommended preheat and interpass temperatures for
General Recommendations
welding bucket teeth, lips and bodies.
I. Applying applicator bars to teeth. A. Never overheat Manganese steel. Keep Interpass Temperatures below
A. Trim front of tooth square by flame cutting. 500°F (260°C)
Manganese steel is non-magnetic. (Check with magnet).
B. Weld applicator bar to tooth.
1. Manganese bars and teeth. B. Carbon and/or Alloy Steels � check preheat chart to determine
a. Use Wearshield 15CrMn manual electrode or recommended preheat and interpass Temperature or use Lincoln
Lincore 15CrMn semiautomatic wire. Preheat Calculator to determine proper preheat based upon chemical
2. Carbon or alloy steel bars to carbon or alloy steel teeth. Use analysis along with thickness of heavier part being welded.
Lincoln low hydrogen mild steel manual electrode (E7018) or
Innershield NS-3M (E70T-4) semiautomatic wire.
C. Hardface applicator bar and weld deposit joining bar to tooth.
a. Use hardfacing materials recommended above.
12
Dragline Chains Dragline Clevis
Bucket Tooth Adapters
Base Metal: Carbon Steel Base Metal: Carbon Steel
Base Metal: Carbon Steel
Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing
Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing
Wearshield 44 Wearshield BU Wearshield 60
Wearshield 44 Manual
Wearshield BU Wearshield 60 Wearshield BU30 Wearshield MM
Wearshield BU Wearshield 60 Manual
Manual
Wearshield BU30 Wearshield ABR Lincore 50
Wearshield BU30 Wearshield ABR
Wearshield MM Lincore 55
Wearshield ME
Semi- Lincore 33
Lincore 50 Lincore 55-G
Lincore 50
Semi- Lincore 33 automatic Lincore BU-G
Semi- Lincore 33 Lincore 55 Lincore 60-G
Lincore 60-O
automatic Lincore BU-G
automatic Lincore BU-G Lincore 55-G Lincore 60-O
Lincore 60-G
Lincore 60-G
Base Metal: Manganese Steel
Base Metal: Manganese Steel Lincore 60-O
Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing
Base Metal: Manganese Steel
Wearshield 44 Wearshield 15CrMn Wearshield ABR
Wearshield 15CrMn Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing
Wearshield 60 Manual Wearshield Frogmang Wearshield MM
Manual Wearshield Frogmang Wearshield MM
Wearshield ABR Wearshield Mangjet Wearshield 60
Wearshield 15CrMn
Wearshield Mangjet Wearshield ABR
Wearshield ME Lincore 50
Manual Wearshield Frogmang
Wearshield 44
Lincore 15CrMn Lincore 50 Lincore 15CrMn Lincore 55
Wearshield Mangjet
Semi- Semi-
Wearshield 60
Lincore Frogmang Lincore 60-G Lincore Frogmang Lincore 55-G
automatic automatic
Lincore 50
Lincore M Lincore 60-O Lincore M Lincore 60-G
Lincore 15CrMn Lincore 55 Lincore 60-O
Comments: Cover the entire surface with Semi- Lincore Frogmang Lincore 55-G
stringer beads in a cross hatch pattern as shown. Comments: Rebuild the link-to-link clevis wear
automatic Lincore M Lincore 60-G
Use Wearshield 60 or Lincore 60-O for severe areas with the material recommended for the base
Lincore 60-O
abrasion; Wearshield ABR or Lincore 50 for metal and welding method. Hardface this metal-to-
Comments: Rebuild the link-to-link wear areas with
better impact resistance. metal wear area using Wearshield MM or Lincore
the material recommended for the base metal and 55. Hardface the outside wear areas to resist
welding method. Hardface this area for metal-to-
Use Wearshield ME for abrasion with moderate abrasion using Wearshield ABR, Wearshield 60,
metal wear using Wearshield MM or Lincore 55.
impact. Lincore 50 or Lincore 60-O.
Hardface the outside wear areas to resist severe
abrasion using Wearshield 60, Lincore 60-O or
Lincore 50.
Dragline Pins Cable Sheaves Latch Plates and Bars
Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing Base Metal: Carbon Steel
Wearshield 60 Wearshield BU
Manual Wearshield MM Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing
Manual BU 30 Wearshield ME Wearshield BU30
Wearshield MM Wearshield BU
Lincore 33 Manual Wearshield MM
Lincore 33
Lincore 55 Wearshield BU30
Semi- Lincore 40-O
Lincore 60-G
Semi- Lincore 33 Lincore 55-G automatic Lincore 55 Lincore 40-0
Lincore BU-G Semi- Lincore 33
automatic Lincore BU-G Lincore 60-G Lincore 55-G Lincore 55
automatic Lincore BU-G
Lincore 60-O H-535/L-60 Lincore 55-G
Lincore 30-S/801
Base Metal: Manganese Steel
Comments: Hardface the end of the pin to H-535/L-60 Lincore 35-S/801
resist severe abrasion using Wearshield 60. Automatic Lincore 30-S/801 Lincore 40-S/801 Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing
Hardface the bearing area to resist metal-to-metal Lincore 4130/801 Lincore 42-S/801
Wearshield 15CrMn
wear using Wearshield MM. Lincore 102HC/802
Manual Wearshield Frogmang Wearshield MM
Lincore 102W/802
Wearshield Mangjet
Lincore 4130/801
Lincore 15CrMn Lincore 50
Comments: With circumferential beads, bring the Semi-
Lincore Frogmang Lincore 55
worn areas up to size. Select either Lincore BU automatic
Lincore M Lincore 55-G
flux-cored electrode or H-535 alloy flux or Lincore
4130/801 with flame hardening.
Comments: Rebuild to size using the material
recommended for the base metal and welding
method. Hardface to resist metal-to-metal wear.
13
Gears
Power Shovel Transmission Parts Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing
Wearshield BU
Manual �
Wearshield BU30
Lincore 33
Semi-
� Lincore 40-O
automatic
Lincore BU-G
Lincore 20/801
Automatic �
Lincore 30-S/801
Comments: Many of the gears can be restored by
arc welding. Rebuild worn gears with build-up
materials, Wearshield BU30 or Lincore 33. Large
house ring gears can be rebuilt with automatic
submerged arc welding. Use the proper preheat
and postheat to prevent cracking and distortion.
Grind to finish mating surfaces.
Shafts
Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing
Wearshield BU
Manual �
Wearshield BU30
Lincore 33
Semi-
� Lincore 40-O
automatic
Lincore BU-G
Lincore 20/801
Automatic �
Lincore 30-S/801
Comments: Worn shafts are most economically
rebuilt with automatic submerged arc welding
using Lincore 30-S flux-cored electrode and 801
flux. Use the proper preheat and interpass
temperatures. Finish by machining.
Ditcher Parts
Drive Segments Rolls Drive Sprockets
Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing
Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing
Wearshield BU Wearshield BU Wearshield BU
Wearshield BU Wearshield MM Manual
Manual
Manual Wearshield MM Wearshield BU30 Wearshield BU30
Wearshield BU30
Lincore 33
Lincore 33 Semi- Lincore 33 Lincore 33
Semi- Lincore 33 Lincore 40-O
Semi- Lincore 33 Lincore 40-O automatic Lincore BU-G Lincore BU-G
automatic Lincore BU-G Lincore 55
automatic Lincore BU-G Lincore 55
Comments: Rebuild to size using Wearshield BU
Lincore 55-G
Lincore 55-G
or Wearshield BU30 manual electrode. Finish
H-535/L-60
H-535/L-60
Comments: Using manual welding, rebuild worn grinding may be required for mating surface.
Lincore 35-S/801
Automatic Lincore 20/801
areas close to size using Wearshield BU or
Lincore 40-S/801
Lincore 30-S/801
Wearshield BU30 electrode. Hardface with
Lincore 42-S/801
Wearshield MM to resist metal-to-metal wear.
Comments: Rebuild close to size and hardface
Finish grinding to obtain the desired shape.
for metal-to-metal wear using the materials
recommended for manual, semiautomatic or
automatic welding as appropriate.
14
Dozer End Bits Dozer Blades Ripper Teeth
Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing
Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing
Wearshield 44
Wearshield 44 Wearshield 44
Wearshield 60
Wearshield 60 Wearshield 60
Manual �
Manual � Manual �
Wearshield ABR
Wearshield ABR Wearshield ABR
Wearshield ME
Wearshield ME Wearshield ME
Lincore 50
Lincore 50 Lincore 50
Semi- Lincore 60-G
Semi- Lincore 60-G Semi- Lincore 60-G
�
� �
automatic Lincore 60-O
automatic Lincore 60-O automatic Lincore 60-O
Lincore 65-O
Lincore 65-O Lincore 65-O
Lincore 60-S/803
H-560/L-60 H-560/L-60
Automatic �
Lincore 65-O
Lincore 50/801 Automatic � Lincore 60-S/803
Automatic �
Lincore 60-S/803 Lincore 65-O
Comments: Deposit stringer beads. Use
Lincore 65-O
Wearshield 60, Lincore 60-O or Lincore 60-S/803 Comments: Hardface the entire wear area. Use
for severe and continuous abrasive wear;
Comments: When working in severe abrasive Wearshield 60 or Lincore 60-O in severely
Wearshield ABR, Wearshield 44 or Lincore 50
applications hardface use Wearshield 60 manual abrasive soil. Where better impact resistance is
when some impact resistance is needed.
electrode or Lincore 60-O, Lincore 60-S required use Lincore 50, Wearshield 44 or
semiautomatic electrodes. For conditions requiring Wearshield ABR. Automatic submerged arc
more impact resistance use Wearshield ABR or methods using H-560 flux and L-60 electrode
Wearshield 44 electrode or Lincore 50 or Lincore 60-S/803 flux provide economies when
semiautomatic wire. The parts can also be rebuilding volumes of teeth for severely abrasive
hardfaced using H-560 alloy submerged arc flux soil.
or Lincore 60-S with 803 flux.
Scraper Cutters and Sides Grader Blades Scoop Lift Buckets
Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing
Wearshield 44
Wearshield 44 Wearshield 44
Wearshield ABR
Wearshield 60 Wearshield 60 �
Manual
� �
Manual
Manual
Wearshield M-1
Wearshield ABR Wearshield ABR
Wearshield ME
Wearshield ME Wearshield ME
Lincore 50
Lincore 50 Lincore 50
Lincore 60-G
Semi-
Lincore 60-G Lincore 60-G
Semi- Semi- �
� � Lincore 60-O
automatic
Lincore 60-O Lincore 60-O
automatic automatic
Lincore 65-O
Lincore 65-O Lincore 65-O
Lincore 50/801
� Lincore 60-S/803 � Lincore 60-S/803
Automatic Automatic �
Automatic
Lincore 60-S/803
Comments: In conditions of severe Comments: Apply proper preheat. Hardface the
Comments: Use Wearshield ABR, Wearshield
abrasion use Wearshield 60 manual electrode, blade with the materials recommended for the
MI or Lincore 50 to deposit a moderate
Lincore 60-O or Lincore 60-S semiautomatic welding method to be used. Take the needed
abrasion/moderate impact resistant deposit on
electrodes. When moderate impact accompanies precautions to prevent distortion.
the underside of the lip as shown.
abrasion use Wearshield ABR, Wearshield 44 or
Lincore 50.
15
Miscellaneous Applications
Asphalt Mixer Paddles Asphalt Paving Machine Sheepsfoot Tampers
Paddles
Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing
Wearshield 60 Wearshield 60 Wearshield 60
Manual � Manual � Manual �
Wearshield 70 Wearshield 70 Wearshield ME
Lincore 60-G Lincore 60-G Lincore 50
Semi- Semi-
� Lincore 60-O � Lincore 60-O Semi- Lincore 60-G
automatic automatic �
Lincore 65-O Lincore 65-O automatic Lincore 60-O
Lincore 65-O
Comments: To resist the severe abrasive wear Comments: Apply Wearshield 60 severe
use Wearshield 60 depositing a pattern similar to abrasion resistant deposits to the top and face as Comments: Drive short lengths of old pipe onto
the one shown in the sketch. Wearshield 70 and shown in the sketch. Wearshield 70 and Lincore the worn stubs. Fill the hole in the pipe with
Lincore 65-O are more abrasion resistant in a are more abrasion resistant in a single layer. hardfacing material. Lincore 50 works well in this
single layer. application using a puddling technique.
New tampers can be hardfaced before going into
service. Use Wearshield 60 to resist severe
abrasion.
Other Construction Applications
Manual Welding Materials Manual Welding Materials
Parts
Parts Hardfacing Hardfacing
Compactors Wearshield 60*
Asphalt Mixer Wearshield 60*
Curbing Machine Augers
Paddle Shanks Wearshield 60*
Wearshield 60* Backhoe Cutters
Paving Screw Conveyors Wearshield 60*
Trencher Teeth
Paving Agitator Blades Wearshield 60* Wearshield 60*
Wearshield 60* Shredding
Grader End Bits Wearshield 60*
Grapple Tines Wearshield 60*
* Wearshield 70 can be used in place of Wearshield 60 for greater abrasion resistance in a single layer.
IMPORTANT: SPECIAL VENTILATION
AND/OR EXHAUST REQUIRED
Fumes from the normal use of certain hardfacing
welding products contain significant quantities of
components such as chromium and manganese
which can lower the 5.0 mg/m3 maximum exposure
guideline for general welding fume.
BEFORE USE, READ AND UNDERSTAND THE
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET (MSDS) FOR
THIS PRODUCT AND SPECIFIC INFORMATION
PRINTED ON THE PRODUCT CONTAINER.
Never overheat manganese steel. Keep interpass temperatures below 500°F (260°C).
16
Mining 4
SECTION
Industry Components
Digging and processing materials in the mining industry
provides challenging applications for hardfacing products.
Rock, shale, sand, etc. are worked using large equipment
such as draglines. Parts must be surfaced to resist wear
from mild abrasion with impact to severe abrasion.
Dragline buckets are repaired with Wearshield ABR,
Wearshield M-1, Wearshield 44, Wearshield ME,
Wearshield 60 and Wearshield 70 stick electrodes or
Lincore 50, Lincore 60-O and Lincore 60-G or Lincore 65-O
semiautomatic open arc wires. Wearshield 70 provides the
best abrasion resistance in a single layer.
Skip Hoists Classifier Flights Shaker Pan Conveyors
Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing
Wearshield 44 Wearshield 44 Wearshield 44
Wearshield 60 Wearshield 60 Wearshield 60
Manual � Manual � Manual �
Wearshield ABR Wearshield ABR Wearshield ABR
Wearshield ME Wearshield ME Wearshield ME
Lincore 50 Lincore 50 Lincore 50
Semi- Lincore 60-G Semi- Lincore 60-G Semi- Lincore 60-G
� � �
automatic Lincore 60-O automatic Lincore 60-O automatic Lincore 60-O
Lincore 65-O Lincore 65-O Lincore 65-O
Comments: For resistance to moderate impact Comments: A few stringer beads in the wear Comments: Stringer beads of hardfacing
and moderate abrasion hardface with Wearshield areas effectively extend part life in this severe applied where shown in the sketch extend pan
ABR manual electrode or Lincore 50 abrasion application. Wearshield ABR or Lincore life. Wearshield ABR or Lincore 50 provide better
semiautomatic electrode. In severe abrasion 50 provide better impact resistance. Wearshield impact resistance. Wearshield 60 or Lincore 60-O
applications, manual electrode Wearshield 60 or 60 or Lincore 60-O provide better resistance to provide better resistance to severe abrasion.
Lincore 60-O wire can be used. severe abrasion.
17
Ore Chute Baffle Plates Ball Mill Scoop Lips Ball Mill Scoops
Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing
Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing
Wearshield 44 Wearshield 44
Wearshield 44
Wearshield 60 Wearshield 60
Wearshield 60
Manual � Manual �
Manual �
Wearshield ABR Wearshield ABR
Wearshield ABR
Wearshield ME Wearshield ME
Wearshield ME
Lincore 50 Lincore 50
Lincore 50
Semi- Lincore 60-G Semi- Lincore 60-G
Semi- Lincore 60-G
�
�
�
automatic Lincore 60-O automatic Lincore 60-O
automatic Lincore 60-O
Lincore 65-O Lincore 65-O
Lincore 65-O
Comments: To resist wear in severe abrasion Comments: Apply weld deposits as shown in
Comments: Overlay the working edges with
conditions run stringer beads with Wearshield 60 the sketch.
Wearshield 60 or Lincore 60-O for best life in
or Lincore 60-O. Where impact is greater use severely abrasive applications. Use Wearshield
Wearshield ABR, Wearshield 44 or Lincore 50. ABR or Lincore 50 when wear is less severe.
Slag Ladles Ladle Pins Bail Eyes
Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing
Manual � Wearshield 60 Wearshield M-1 Wearshield M-1
Manual � Manual �
Wearshield MM Wearshield MM
Semi- Lincore 50
�
automatic Lincore 60-O Semi- Lincore 55 Semi- Lincore 55
� �
automatic Lincore 55-G automatic Lincore 55-G
Comments: Be sure the areas to be welded are
Comments: Hardface the ladle pins using Comments: Rebuild the ladle bail eyes using
cleaned of all remaining slag and dirt. The manual
electrode, Wearshield 60, and semiautomatic Wearshield M-1 or Wearshield MM manual Wearshield MM manual or Lincore 55 semi-
electrodes, Lincore 50 and Lincore 60-O are electrodes or Lincore 55 or Lincore 55-G automatic welding electrodes to resist metal-to-
recommended for this application. semiautomatic welding electrode to resist the metal wear. Use proper preheat and interpass
metal-to-metal wear. Use proper preheat and temperatures.
inter-pass temperatures.
Conveyor Pipe Bends Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing
Wearshield 60
Manual �
Wearshield 70
Lincore 50
Semi- Lincore 60-G
�
automatic Lincore 60-O
Lincore 65-O
Comments: Hardface the inside of the pipe
bends. Hardface the cover plugs and weld them
into position, using a joining electrode.
18
Rebuilding Mine Car and Railroad Crew Car Wheels
Although these wheels can be built up by using manual and
semiautomatic welding methods, the Automatic Submerged
Mine Car wheels
Arc process is by far the most effective and lowest cost way
Comments: Most economically rebuilt by
to do the job. Following are suggested materials for welding
automatic submerged arc welding. Use proper
wheels of these types: preheat, interpass temperature and proper
cooling.
Hardfacing
Type of Wheel Build-up Material Material
Lincore 30-S Wire/(1) Lincore 30-S Wire/(1)
R.R. Crew Car Wheel
801 Neutral Flux 801 Neutral Flux
Lincore 30-S/801
Lincore 35-S/801
Lincore 30-S Wire/(1)
Lincore 40-S Wire/
Mine Car Wheels 801 Neutral Flux
801 Neutral Flux
Lincore 35-S/801
Lincore 42-S Wire/
801 Neutral Flux
Recommended as good build-up and surfacing material for good traction on
(1)
drive wheels.
PREHEAT AND INTERPASS TEMPERATURE
REQUIREMENTS:
Some wheels are .40 � .50% carbon and are relatively easy to
weld. Others are alloy steel and require special treatment be-
fore welding. Determine the analysis prior to welding and the
amount of preheat required by using a Preheat Calculator
(from Lincoln Electric). Cast iron wheels should not be
POST WELDING:
surfaced with the automatic process.
Cool wheels slowly after welding by covering with fiberglass blanket or burying
WORK PREPARATION: in warm flux. Avoid drafts when welding. DO NOT place wheels in vertical
position on floor after welding, spot hardening or warping could result.
Clean wheels of all rust, dirt, grease, etc. before starting to
weld. This helps eliminate porosity and unsound welds. Any
cracks in wheels should be gouged or ground out and welded
prior to automatic welding using low hydrogen manual elec-
trode (Excalibur) after wheel has been properly preheated.
Suggested welding sequences:
Sequence for depositing beads. “A� � build-up worn areas on tread; “B� � build-up
tread to within 3/8" of gauge size; “C� � hardface tread; “D� � hardface flange.
19
Slusher Teeth Slusher Shoes Wheel Excavator Teeth
Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing
Wearshield 15CrMn Wearshield 60
Wearshield 15CrMn Wearshield 60 Wearshield 15CrMn Wearshield 60
Wearshield Frogmang Wearshield 70
Manual Wearshield Frogmang Wearshield 70 Wearshield Frogmang Wearshield 70 Manual
Manual
Wearshield Mangjet Wearshield ME
Wearshield Mangjet Wearshield ME Wearshield Mangjet Wearshield ME
Lincore 50
Lincore 50 Lincore 50 Lincore 15CrMn
Lincore 15CrMn Lincore 15CrMn
Semi- Lincore 60-G
Semi- Lincore 60-G Semi- Lincore 60-G Lincore Frogmang
Lincore Frogmang Lincore Frogmang
automatic Lincore 60-O
automatic Lincore 60-O automatic Lincore 60-O Lincore M
Lincore M Lincore M
Lincore 65-O
Lincore 65-O Lincore 65-O
Comments: Rebuild the worn teeth to size using
Comments: Rebuild the worn teeth to size using Comments: Rebuild these manganese steel
Wearshield 15CrMn, Wearshield Mangjet, Lincore
Wearshield Mangjet or Lincore M. Add two layers parts using Wearshield 15CrMn, Wearshield
15CrMn or Lincore M. Add two layers of Wearshield
of Wearshield 60 or Lincore 50 as indicated by Mangjet or Lincore M. Two final layers of
60, Lincore 60-O or Lincore 50 as indicated by prior
prior wear patterns to resist abrasive wear. Badly Wearshield 60, Lincore 50 or Lincore 60-O
wear patterns to resist abrasive wear. Badly worn
worn teeth should be rebuilt by welding a provide resistance to severe abrasive wear.
teeth should be rebuilt by welding a replacement
replacement plate of the proper shape to the tooth
plate of the proper shape to the tooth using
using Wearshield 15CrMn manual electrode, or
Wearshield 15CrMn or Lincore 15CrMn electrodes,
Lincore 15CrMn semiautomatic electrode then
then hardfacing.
hardfacing.
Pug Mill Paddles Loader Clutch Lugs Sprocket Drums and
Travelling Sprockets
Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing
Manual � Wearshield 60 Manual � Wearshield MM Wearshield BU Wearshield 44
Manual
Wearshield BU30 Wearshield MM
Semi- Lincore 60-G Lincore 33
�
automatic Lincore 60-O Semi- Lincore 55 Lincore 33
�
automatic Lincore 55-G Semi- Lincore 55
�
Comments: Abrasion resistant Wear-shield 60
Lincore BU-G automatic Lincore 55-G
weld metal deposited in slots in new paddle
Lincore BU-G
Comments: Rebuild to size with Wearshield MM
castings increases wear life by several times.
Comments: Rebuild the worn areas to size using
manual electrode for excellent resistance to metal-
to-metal wear. Proper preheat and slow cooling is Wearshield BU or Wearshield MM build-up
needed to avoid cracking. electrode. Finish by machining or grinding as
required.
IMPORTANT: SPECIAL VENTILATION
AND/OR EXHAUST REQUIRED
Fumes from the normal use of certain hardfacing
welding products contain significant quantities of
components such as chromium and manganese
which can lower the 5.0 mg/m3 maximum exposure
guideline for general welding fume.
BEFORE USE, READ AND UNDERSTAND THE
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET (MSDS) FOR
THIS PRODUCT AND SPECIFIC INFORMATION
PRINTED ON THE PRODUCT CONTAINER.
Never overheat manganese steel. Keep interpass temperatures below 500°F (260°C).
20
Other Mining Industry Components
Manual Semiautomatic
Welding Materials Welding Materials
Part Hardfacing Hardfacing
Mechanical Loader Lips Wearshield 60, Wearshield 70 Lincore 50, Lincore 60-G, Lincore 60-O, Lincore 65-O
Shaker Conveyor Rails Wearshield 60, Wearshield 70, Wearshield ME Lincore 50, Lincore 60-G, Lincore 60-O, Lincore 65-O
Grizzlies Wearshield 60, Wearshield ME Lincore 50, Lincore 60-G, Lincore 60-O, Lincore 65-O
Ore Chute Arc Doors Wearshield 44, Wearshield 60, Wearshield ABR Lincore 50, Lincore 60-G, Lincore 60-O, Lincore 65-O
Wheel Excavator Buckets Wearshield 60 or Wearshield ME Lincore 50, Lincore 60-G, Lincore 60-O, Lincore 65-O
Continuous Miner Bearing Carrier Wearshield M-1, Wearshield MM, Wearshield MM40 Lincore 33, Lincore 55
Loader Dragline Plates Wearshield 60, Wearshield 70, Wearshield ME Lincore 50, Lincore 60-G, Lincore 60-O, Lincore 65-O
Loader Undercarriage Runners Wearshield 60, Wearshield 70, Wearshield ME Lincore 50, Lincore 60-G, Lincore 60-O, Lincore 65-O
Loader Track Pads Wearshield 60, Wearshield 70, Wearshield ME Lincore 50, Lincore 60-G, Lincore 60-O, Lincore 65-O
Cutter Chain Lugs and Straps Wearshield 60, Wearshield 70, Wearshield ME Lincore 60-G, Lincore 60-O, Lincore 65-O
Duck Bills Wearshield 60, Wearshield 70, Wearshield ME Lincore 50, Lincore 60-G, Lincore 60-O, Lincore 65-O
Digging Arms Wearshield 60, Wearshield 70, Wearshield ME Lincore 50, Lincore 60-G, Lincore 60-O, Lincore 65-O
IMPORTANT: SPECIAL VENTILATION
AND/OR EXHAUST REQUIRED
Fumes from the normal use of certain hardfacing
welding products contain significant quantities of
components such as chromium and manganese
which can lower the 5.0 mg/m3 maximum exposure
guideline for general welding fume.
BEFORE USE, READ AND UNDERSTAND THE
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET (MSDS) FOR
THIS PRODUCT AND SPECIFIC INFORMATION
PRINTED ON THE PRODUCT CONTAINER.
21
Crushing and Grinding 5
SECTION
Crusher Components
Heavy equipment is used in the crushing and grinding of rock and
various earth products. The material processed varies from aggre-
gate to a fine powder. Many key components of this equipment are
manufactured from manganese steel. Wherever possible, repair
these hammers, rolls and bars with manganese filler metals. The
manganese deposits work harden in service to resist gouging or
impact wear. It is good practice to finish these applications with a
layer of severe abrasion resistant material. This procedure is used
typically to repair mantles of bell-type gyratory crushers.
Regardless of the base material (manganese or carbon steel), use
the manganese type product for build-up. Never overheat man-
ganese steel. Keep interpass temperatures below 500°F (260°C).
IMPORTANT: SPECIAL VENTILATION
AND/OR EXHAUST REQUIRED
Fumes from the normal use of certain hardfacing welding products
contain significant quantities of components such as chromium and
manganese which can lower the 5.0 mg/m3 maximum exposure
guideline for general welding fume.
BEFORE USE, READ AND UNDERSTAND THE MATERIAL SAFETY
DATA SHEET (MSDS) FOR THIS PRODUCT AND SPECIFIC
INFORMATION PRINTED ON THE PRODUCT CONTAINER.
Rotors and Impeller Bars Vertical Deflector Screen Grizzly Bars
Gates and Stripper Bars
Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing
Wearshield 44 Wearshield 44 Wearshield 44
Wearshield 15CrMn Wearshield 60 Wearshield 15CrMn Wearshield 60 Wearshield 15CrMn Wearshield 60
Manual Wearshield Frogmang Wearshield 70 Manual Wearshield 22Mn5Cr Wearshield 70 Manual Wearshield Frogmang Wearshield 70
Wearshield Mangjet Wearshield ABR Wearshield Mangjet Wearshield ABR Wearshield Mangjet Wearshield ABR
Wearshield ME Wearshield ME Wearshield ME
Lincore 50 Lincore 15CrMn Lincore 50 Lincore 50
Lincore 15CrMn Lincore 15CrMn
Semi- Lincore 60-G Semi- Lincore Frogmang Lincore 60-G Semi- Lincore 60-G
Lincore Frogmang Lincore Frogmang
automatic Lincore 60-O automatic Lincore M Lincore 60-O automatic Lincore 60-O
Lincore M Lincore M
Lincore 65-O Lincore M-1 Lincore 65-O Lincore 65-O
Lincore 15CrMn/801 Lincore 50/801 Comments: For lowest cost rebuild with Lincore Comments: For lowest cost rebuild with
Lincore M Lincore 60-O/803 15CrMn or Lincore M and hardface with Lincore Lincore 15CrMn or Lincore M and hard-face with
Automatic
Lincore M-1 Lincore 60-S/803 60-O or Lincore 50 semiautomatic self-shielded Lincore 50 semiautomatic self-shielded welding
Lincore M-1/801 Lincore 65-O welding electrodes. Manual hardfacing using electrodes. Manual hardfacing using Wearshield
Wearshield 60 or Wearshield ME electrodes can 60 or Wearshield ME electrodes can be used.
Comments: Rebuild badly worn areas with Lincore
be used.
15CrMn or Lincore M for the needed impact resistant
base. When abrasive wear is less severe hardface with
Lincore 50. Manual welding with Wearshield 15CrMn,
Wearshield Mangjet, Wearshield 60 or Wearshield ABR
Never overheat manganese steel.
can be used.
Keep interpass temperatures below 500°F (260°C).
22
Gyratory Crusher Mantles Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing
and Liners Wearshield 15CrMn
Wearshield 60
Manual Wearshield Frogmang
Wearshield 70
Wearshield Mangjet
Semi- Lincore 15CrMn Lincore 50
automatic Lincore M Lincore 60-O
Lincore 15CrMn Lincore 50/801
Automatic
Lincore MI Lincore 60-S/803
Comments: These large parts are usually rebuilt
only by experienced rebuilders. Rebuild using
Lincore 15CrMn or Lincore M with automatic or
semiautomatic procedures. When possible or
desired, add a maximum of two layers of
abrasion-resistant metal using Lincore 60-S/803
flux, Lincore 60-O, Lincore 50 or Lincore 50/801.
Contact Lincoln for procedures.
Hardfacing new parts before service increases service life.
Cage Crushers
Grinding Rings
and Rolls
Crusher Hammer and
Carbon Steel Hammer
Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing
Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing
Manual � Wearshield 60
Lincore 60-O
Semi- Lincore 60-G
Automatic � Lincore 60-S/803 �
automatic Lincore 60-O
Lincore 65-O
Comments: The pins and cage walls of cage-
Comments: Automatic arc welding using
Crusher Hammers
type disintegrating mills can be hardfaced using
Lincore 60-S/803 flux or Lincore 60-O wire is
the manual electrode, Wearshield 60, to resist Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing
recommended for long part life in this severe
severe abrasion. Rebuild after limited wear so
abrasion application. Contact Lincoln for Wearshield 15CrMn
only one layer is needed. Wearshield 60
procedures. Manual Wearshield Frogmang
Wearshield ME
Wearshield Mangjet
Lincore 15CrMn
Semi- Lincore 50
Lincore Frogmang
automatic Lincore 60-O
Lincore M
Comments: Rebuild close to final size with
Scrubbers
Clinker Grinding Rolls manganese steel deposits from Lincore 15CrMn
or Lincore M. Finish with two layers of Wearshield
60 or Lincore 60-O to resist severe abrasive wear.
Carbon Steel Hammers
Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing
Wearshield 44
Manual Wearshield BU30
Wearshield ME
Lincore 50
Lincore 33
Lincore 55
Semi- Lincore 40-O
Lincore 55-G
automatic Lincore 55
Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing
Lincore 60-G
Lincore 55-G
Wearshield 15CrMn
Wearshield 60 Lincore 60-O
Manual � Wearshield 60
Manual Wearshield Frogmang
Wearshield 70
Wearshield ME
Wearshield Mangjet
Semi-
� Lincore 60-O Lincore 15CrMn Lincore 50
automatic Semi-
Lincore Frogmang Lincore 60-G
automatic
Comments: Stringer beads of Wearshield 60 Lincore M Lincore 60-O
applied across the face of the roll provides
Comments: Stringer beads of Wearshield 60
gripping action for the rolls and resists severe
manual electrode or Lincore 50 or Lincore 60-O
abrasion.
semiautomatic wires are placed on the wear plates,
and other wear locations to resist the severe
abrasive wear.
23
Scalping and Sizing Vibratory Rotary Screens Elevator Bucket Lips
Screens
Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing
Wearshield 15CrMn Wearshield 60 Wearshield 15CrMn Wearshield 60 Wearshield 60
Manual Manual Manual �
Wearshield Mangjet Wearshield 70 Wearshield Mangjet Wearshield ME Wearshield ME
Lincore 60-G Lincore 50 Lincore 50
Semi- Lincore 15CrMn Semi- Lincore 15CrMn Semi-
Lincore 60-O Lincore 60-G � Lincore 60-G
automatic Lincore M automatic Lincore M automatic
Lincore 65-O Lincore 60-O Lincore 60-O
Comments: Restrain the screen to prevent distortion. Comments: Repair the worn areas around the holes Comments: Severely worn buckets are best repaired
Use Lincore M to bring worn areas to size and finish by with Lincore 15CrMn or Lincore M. Finish by by cutting new lips from steel plate and welding them
hardfacing with Wearshield 60 or Lincore 60-O to depositing abrasion resistant Wearshield 60, on with Blue Max 309L or Blue Max 2100. Hardface to
resist severe abrasion. Wearshield ME, Lincore 50 or Lincore 60-O. resist severe abrasion.
IMPORTANT: SPECIAL VENTILATION
AND/OR EXHAUST REQUIRED
Fumes from the normal use of certain hardfacing
welding products contain significant quantities of
components such as chromium and manganese
which can lower the 5.0 mg/m3 maximum exposure
guideline for general welding fume.
BEFORE USE, READ AND UNDERSTAND THE
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET (MSDS) FOR
THIS PRODUCT AND SPECIFIC INFORMATION
PRINTED ON THE PRODUCT CONTAINER.
Other Crushing, Grinding and Screening Applications
Manual Welding Semiautomatic Welding
Recommended Material Recommended Material
Parts Build-up Hardfacing Build-Up Hardfacing
Wearshield 44 Lincore 50
Gyratory Crusher Cross Heads � �
Wearshield ABR
Wearshield 15CrMn Lincore 15CrMn
Wobbler Feeder � �
Wearshield Mangjet Lincore M
Lincore 50
Wearshield 60 Lincore M
Crusher Points Wearshield Mangjet Lincore 60-G
Wearshield ME Lincore 15CrMn
Lincore 60-O
Lincore 50
Wearshield 60 Lincore M
Log Washer Paddles Wearshield Mangjet Lincore 60-G
Wearshield ME Lincore 15CrMn
Lincore 60-O
Lincore 50
Wearshield 60
Lincore 60-G
Gravel Washer Auger Flights � Wearshield 70 �
Lincore 60-O
Wearshield ME
Lincore 65-O
Lincore 50
Wearshield 60
Quarry Drill Flutes � � Lincore 60-G
Wearshield ME
Lincore 60-O
Lincore 50
Wearshield 60
Quarry Drill Auger Periphery and Lincore 60-G
� Wearshield 70 �
Leading Flights Lincore 60-O
Wearshield ME
Lincore 65-O
24
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Hardfacing Cut-Out Chart for Quick Reference.
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25
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Selection Guide
What to “Wear�
The “Wear� “Wear� to Use Flux-Cored Wires (Rc) Sub-Arc Tubular Wires
Stick Electrode (Rc) Self-/Gas-Shielded & Neutral Flux (Rc)
Restore to original Any hardfacing Wearshield BU Lincore BU Lincore 20/801 (23-28)
size weld without application with excessive (23-28) (Rb80-90) Lincore 30-S/801
cracking substrate wear, to restore to Wearshield BU-30 Lincore 33 (29-32)
for harder alloy original shape (28-32) (32-36) Lincore 32-S/801
(Ferrite/Bainite) before hardfacing Lincore BU-G (31-34)
BUILD-UP
(21-33) Lincore 35-S/801
(35-40)
Lincore 4130/801
(17-21)
Lincore 8620/801
(16-20)
(Austenite) Spalling resistant Wearshield 15CrMn Lincore 15CrMn Lincore 15CrMn/801
substrate for chromium (17-20) (18-22) 18-22)
carbides
Metal-to-Metal wear Crane wheels, Wearshield MM Lincore 40-O (40-45) Lincore 40-S/801
(Martensite) cable sheaves, (52-58) Lincore 55 (50-59) (39-42)
sprockets, gear teeth Lincore 55-G (50-59) Lincore 42-S (39-42)
Metal-to-Metal wear Punch & forging dies, Wearshield T&D Lincore T&D Lincore 102HC/802
and heat (tool shear blades, work rolls (58-65) (48-65) (50-56)
steel martensite) Lincore 102W/802
(48-54)
METAL-TO-METAL
Metal-to-Metal wear Earth moving and Wearshield M-1 Lincore 40-O (40-46) Lincore 102HC/802
and impact agricultural equipment (50-58) Lincore 55 (50-59) (50-56)
(martensite and Lincore 55-G (50-59)
austenite)
Metal-to-Metal wear Steel mill Wearshield 420 See Sub-Arc Lincore 96S/801 (48-54)
with thermal fatigue caster rolls (52-57) Lincore 410/801 (27-32)
and corrosion Lincore 410NiMo/801
(high chromium (32-40)
martensite) Lincore 420/801 (46-50)
Lincore 423Cr/802
(41-47)
Lincore 423L/802
(41-47)
Lincore 424A/801
(36-42)
Work hardening Crusher hammers, Wearshield 15CrMn Lincore 15CrMnLS Lincore 15CrMnLS/801
METAL-TO ABRASION SEVERE IMPACT
buildup for construction equipment (17-20) (18-22) (18-22)
severe impact Wearshield Mangjet Lincore M-1 Lincore M-1/801
(austenite (17-20) (18-28) 18-28)
manganese) Railroad frogs and Wearshield Frogmang Lincore Frogmang �
crossing diamonds (20-23) (20-55)
22Mn 5Cr Lincore Frogmang-G
(20-55)
Abrasion plus Teeth, blades, bucket & Wearshield 44 (40-46) Lincore 50 (48-52) Lincore 50/803
impact (austenite dump body surfaces Wearshield ABR (48-65)
and carbides) (28-53)
Metal-to-Metal wear Bucket teeth, scraper Wearshield ME Lincore 50 (48-52) Lincore 50/803
EARTH
abrasion plus blades, paddles, (49-59) (48-65)
impact (austenite hammers, crusher rolls
and eutectic)
Severe abrasion Crusher rolls, conveyer Wearshield 60 (57-60) Lincore 60-G (58-61) Lincore 60-O/803
(primary carbides) screws, plates, jaws Wearshield 70 (68-70) Lincore 60-O (55-60) (55-62)
SEVERE ABRASION
Wearshield SM880 Lincore 65-O (60-65) Lincore 60-S/803
(55-60)
Lincore 65-O/803
(60-65)
Severe abrasion Tillage tools, � � �
(cast chrome earth engaging tools,
carbide) sweeps, knives
26
Cement, Brick and Clay 6
SECTION
Cement Mill Components
Many of the components used to manufacture cement,
bricks and clay products are similar to those covered in
the “Crushing and Grinding� and the “Mining� sections.
However, applications unique to cement mills include
augers, blades, and knife edges. Such parts often can
be repaired with a manual severe abrasion resistant
electrode that can also resist compression. Lincoln’s
Wearshield 60 is such a product.
A deposit made with a severe abrasion resistant elec-
trode cannot be heat treated or machined. It must be
ground, if finishing is required.
Kiln Trunnions Screw Flight Shaft Bearings, Bag Packer Screws
Hangers & Gudgeon Pins
Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing
L-60/A-96S Wearshield 60 Wearshield 60
Lincore 20/801 Manual � Manual �
(limit 4 layers) Wearshield 70 Wearshield 70
Automatic Lincore 30-S/801
Lincore 30-S/801
Lincore 4130/801 Semi- Lincore 60-O Semi- Lincore 60-O
� �
Lincore 420/801
automatic Lincore 65-O automatic Lincore 65-O
Comments: Automatic submerged arc welding
Comments: Deposit Wearshield 60 hardfacing to Comments: To resist severe abrasion deposit
is recommended for speed and economy.
the wear areas as shown in the sketch. one or two layers of Wearshield 60 to the worn
Rebuild with an unlimited number of layers using
areas of the flight faces and edges as shown in
the flux-cored electrode Lincore 30-S with 801
the sketch.
flux. Add two layers of hardfacing using A-96S/
L-60 or Lincore 420/801.
27
Pulverizer Mill Components Slurry Tank
Agitator Bearings
Roll Heads Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing
Wearshield 60
Manual �
Wearshield 70
Semi- Lincore 60-O
�
automatic Lincore 65-O
H-560/L-60
Automatic � Lincore 60-S/803
Lincore 65-O
Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing
Comments: Apply Wearshield 60 or Lincore 60-O
for excellent abrasion resistance. Automatic Wearshield 60
Manual �
submerged arc welding with Lincore 60-S/803 Wearshield 70
flux or H-560 flux and L-60 electrode can also Semi- Lincore 60-G
�
be used. automatic Lincore 60-O
Comments: Hardface the bearing area using
Wearshield 60. Finish by grinding as required.
Die Rings Plows
Slurry Tank
Agitator Shafts
Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing
Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing
Wearshield 60
Manual � Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing
Wearshield 60
Wearshield 70 Manual �
Wearshield 70 Wearshield 60
Lincore 60-G Manual �
Semi- Wearshield 70
Lincore 60-G
� Lincore 60-O Semi-
automatic
� Lincore 60-O
Lincore 65-O Lincore 60-G
automatic Semi-
Lincore 65-O � Lincore 60-O
Lincore 60-S/803 automatic
Automatic � Lincore 65-O
Lincore 65-O Comments: Wearshield 60 manual electrode is
recommended for the extremely high abrasion Comments: Hardface the bearing area using
Comments: Wearshield 60 manual electrode is
resistance needed. Wearshield 60. Finish by grinding as required.
recommended for the extremely high abrasion
resistance needed.
Concrete Truck
Muller Tires Gears
Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing
Wearshield 44
Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing
Wearshield 60
Wearshield 44 Wearshield BU Manual � Wearshield 70
Wearshield 60 Manual � Wearshield BU30 Wearshield ABR
Manual �
Wearshield ABR Wearshield MM Wearshield M-1
Wearshield ME Wearshield ME
Lincore 33
Lincore 50
Lincore 50 Lincore 40-O Semi- �
Semi-
Lincore 60-O
Lincore 60-G � Lincore 55
Semi- automatic
� automatic
Lincore 65-O
automatic Lincore 60-O Lincore 55-G
Lincore 65-O Lincore T&D
Comments: All types of cement mixers can be
hardfaced by covering the entire inside, including
Comments: Hardfacing new Muller tires and Comments: Many of the various types of gears
blending wings, using Lincore 50 and Lincore 60-
rewelding areas worn in service using transverse used throughout the industry can be rebuilt using
O electrode and semiautomatic welding. Manual
beads with Wearshield ABR electrodes provides Wearshield MM manual electrode or Lincore 33,
welding with Wearshield ABR, Wearshield MI or
a long working life. Lincore 50 semiautomatic Lincore 55 or Lincore T&D semiautomatic wire.
Wearshield 60 is also practical. Be certain
wire can also be used. Finish by grinding as required.
sufficient ventilation is provided to workers when
inside the mixer.
28
Brick and Clay Manufacturing Components
Pug Mill Augers Spreader Cones Feeder Blades
Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing
Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing
Wearshield 60 Wearshield 60
Wearshield 60
Manual � Wearshield 70 Manual � Wearshield 70
Manual � Wearshield 70
Wearshield ME Wearshield ME
Wearshield ME
Lincore 50 Lincore 50
Lincore 50
Semi- Lincore 60-G Semi- Lincore 60-G
Semi- Lincore 60-G
� �
�
automatic Lincore 60-O automatic Lincore 60-O
automatic Lincore 60-O
Lincore 65-O Lincore 65-O
Lincore 65-O
Comments: Wearshield 60 manual electrode
Comments: Wearshield 60 manual electrode Comments: Wearshield 60 manual electrode
provides an extremely hard surface to resist the
provides an extremely hard surface to resist the provides an extremely hard surface to resist the
severe abrasive wear of this application. For
severe abrasive wear of this application. For severe abrasive wear of this application. For
semiautomatic welding use Lincore 60-O or
semiautomatic welding use Lincore 60-O or semiautomatic welding use Lincore 60-O or
Lincore 50.
Lincore 50. Lincore 50.
Conveyor and Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing
Vertical Mixer Screws Wearshield 44
Wearshield 60
Manual � Wearshield 70
Wearshield ABR
Wearshield ME
Lincore 50
Semi- Lincore 60-G
�
automatic Lincore 60-O
Lincore 65-O
Comments: Hardface the screw flights to resist severe
abrasion using Wearshield 60 or Lincore 60-O. When
moderate impact accompanies the abrasive wear use
Wearshield ME, Wearshield ABR, Lincore 50.
29
Other Industry Components
Manual Welding Semiautomatic
Material Welding Material
Part Build-Up Hardfacing Build-Up Hardfacing
Kiln Feed Screw Bearing Lincore 50
Wearshield 60
Lincore 60-G
� Wearshield 70 �
Lincore 60-O
Wearshield ME
Lincore 65-O
Feed Inlet Tubes Lincore 50
Wearshield 60
Lincore 60-G
� Wearshield 70 �
Lincore 60-O
Wearshield ME
Lincore 65-O
Fan Blades Lincore 50
Wearshield 60
Lincore 60-G
� Wearshield 70 �
Lincore 60-O
Wearshield ME
Lincore 65-O
Induced Draft Fans Lincore 50
Wearshield 60
Lincore 60-G
� Wearshield 70 �
Lincore 60-O
Wearshield ME
Lincore 65-O
Drag Chain Links Lincore 50
Wearshield 60
Wearshield BU Lincore 33 Lincore 60-G
Wearshield 70
Wearshield BU30 Lincore BU-G Lincore 60-O
Wearshield ME
Lincore 65-O
Drag Chain Drive Sprockets
Wearshield M-1
Wearshield BU Lincore 33 Lincore 55
Wearshield MM
Wearshield BU30 Lincore BU-G Lincore 40-O
Pug Mill Knives Lincore 50
Wearshield 60
Lincore 60-G
� Wearshield 70 �
Lincore 60-O
Wearshield ME
Lincore 65-O
Shredder Knives Lincore 50
Wearshield 60
Lincore 60-G
� Wearshield 70 �
Lincore 60-O
Wearshield ME
Lincore 65-O
Barrel Liners Lincore 50
Wearshield 60
Lincore 60-G
� Wearshield 70 �
Lincore 60-O
Wearshield ME
Lincore 65-O
30
Dredging 7
SECTION
Dredge Pump Parts
The repair of dredge pumps is a good example of using
hardfacing to increase the life of equipment. The casing and
the impeller blades wear from the abrasion and impact of
sand and rock. These parts can be returned to better than
new condition by selecting and applying the proper build-up
and hardfacing material.
Dredge pump casings are made from cast iron, manganese
steel, and carbon steel. Rebuilding cast iron pumps is not
recommended. Manganese and carbon steel pumps can be
rebuilt. Observe the precautions needed to avoid distortion
and cracking of the base metal.
Pump Casings Pump Impellers Side Plates
Base Metal: Carbon Steel Base Metal: Carbon Steel Base Metal: Carbon Steel
Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing
Wearshield 44 Wearshield 44 Wearshield 60
Wearshield BU
Wearshield 60 Wearshield 60 Manual Wearshield 70
Wearshield BU Wearshield BU Wearshield BU30
Manual Wearshield 70 Manual Wearshield 70 Wearshield ME
Wearshield BU30 Wearshield BU30
Wearshield ABR Wearshield ABR Lincore 50
Wearshield ME Wearshield ME Semi- Lincore 33 Lincore 60-G
Lincore 50 Lincore 50 automatic Lincore BU-G Lincore 60-O
Semi-
Lincore 33 Lincore 60-G Semi- Lincore 33 Lincore 60-G Lincore 65-O
automatic/
Lincore BU-G Lincore 60-O automatic Lincore BU-G Lincore 60-O
Base Metal: Manganese Steel
Automatic
Lincore 65-O Lincore 65-O
Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing
Base Metal: Manganese Steel Base Metal: Manganese Steel
Wearshield 60
Wearshield 15CrMn
Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing
Manual Wearshield 70
Wearshield Mangjet
Wearshield 44 Wearshield 44 Wearshield ME
Wearshield 60 Wearshield 60 Lincore 50
Wearshield 15CrMn Wearshield 15CrMn
Manual Wearshield 70 Manual Wearshield 70 Semi- Lincore 15CrMn Lincore 60-G
Wearshield Mangjet Wearshield Mangjet
Wearshield ABR Wearshield ABR automatic Lincore M Lincore 60-O
Wearshield ME Wearshield ME Lincore 65-O
Lincore 50 Lincore 50
Semi- Comments: Rebuild worn seat areas using
Lincore 15CrMn Lincore 60-G Semi- Lincore 15CrMn Lincore 60-G
automatic/ Wearshield BU, Lincore 33 or Lincore BU for
Lincore M Lincore 60-O automatic Lincore M Lincore 60-O
Automatic carbon steel plates and Wearshield Mangjet or
Lincore 65-O Lincore 65-O
Lincore M for manganese steel plates. Hardface
Comments: The entire internal diameter of new Comments: Rebuild severely worn manganese the side plates with Wearshield 60, Wearshield
castings should be hardfaced before they are steel vanes using Wearshield Mangjet or Lincore 70, Wearshield ME, Lincore 60-O or Lincore 50.
placed in service. When necessary, rebuild worn M; carbon steel vanes using Wearshield BU,
areas with the recommended buildup materials. Wearshield BU30 or Lincore 33. Hardface with
Hardface using Wearshield 70, Wearshield 60, Wearshield 60, Wearshield 70 Lincore 60,
Lincore 60-O or Lincore 65-O to resist severe Lincore 65-O to resist severe abrasion. Use
abrasion. For moderate abrasion accompanied by Wearshield ABR, Wearshield 44 or Lincore 50
moderate impact hardface with Wearshield ABR, when moderate impact accompanies abrasive
Wearshield 44 or Lincore 50. wear.
31
Dredge Bucket Lips
Dredge Cutters and Teeth
Pipeline Ball Joints
Base Metal: Carbon Steel
Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing
Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing
Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing
Wearshield 60
Wearshield 44
Manual � Wearshield 70 Wearshield 60
Wearshield BU Wearshield 60
Wearshield ME Manual Wearshield 70
Wearshield BU30 Manual � Wearshield 70
Lincore 50 Wearshield ME
Wearshield ABR
Semi- Lincore 60-G Lincore 50
�
Wearshield ME
automatic Lincore 60-O Semi- Lincore 33 Lincore 60-G
Lincore 50
Lincore 65-O automatic Lincore BU-G Lincore 60-O
Semi- Lincore 60-G
Lincore 65-O �
Comments: Hardface the wear areas as automatic Lincore 60-O
Base Metal: Manganese Steel
indicated in the sketch using Wearshield 60, Lincore 65-O
manual electrodes. Use Lincore 50 or Lincore
Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing Comments: Hardface new and worn lips with
60-O semiautomatic welding for higher deposit
Wearshield 60 or Lincore 60-O to resist severe
Wearshield 60
rates. Wearshield 15CrMn
abrasion. Use Wearshield ABR, Wearshield ME or
Manual Wearshield 70
Wearshield Mangjet
Lincore 50 when abrasive wear is accompanied
Wearshield ME
by moderate impact. If badly worn, consider
Lincore 50
replacing the lips with manganese or carbon steel
Semi- Lincore 15CrMn Lincore 60-G
plate depending upon the bucket base metal.
automatic Lincore M Lincore 60-O
Lincore 65-O
Comments: Depending on base metal, rebuild
worn blades with the recommended build-up
material and hardface with Wearshield 60,
Wearshield ME, Lincore 60-O or Lincore 50.
Hardface new and worn replaceable teeth using
these same electrodes.
Lower Tumblers
Ladder Rolls Ladder Roll Bearing Box
Base Metal: Carbon Steel Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing
Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing
Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing Wearshield BU
Manual Wearshield MM Wearshield BU
Wearshield BU30 Manual �
Wearshield BU
Manual Wearshield MM Wearshield BU30
Lincore 20/801
Wearshield BU30
Semi- Lincore 33
Lincore 30-S/801 Lincore 30-S/801 �
Semi- Lincore 33 Lincore 55
automatic Lincore BU-G
Automatic Lincore 4130/801 Lincore 420/801
automatic Lincore BU-G Lincore 55-G
Lincore 8620/801 Lincore 4130/801 Comments: Rebuild the worn surfaces with
Base Metal: Manganese Steel Lincore BU-G machinable build-up deposits using Wearshield
Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing BU or Lincore 33.
Comments: For greatest economy rebuild these
Wearshield 15CrMn Wearshield 15CrMn rolls on submerged arc automatic welding
Manual Wearshield Frogmang Wearshield Frogmang equipment use Lincore 420/801 flux or Lincore
Wearshield Mangjet Wearshield Mangjet 4130/801 flux. Wearshield BU manual electrode
can also be used to rebuild rolls to size then
Lincore 15CrMn Lincore 15CrMn
Semi-
overlay with circumferential beads using
Lincore Frogmang Lincore Frogmang
automatic
Wearshield MM.
Lincore M Lincore M
Comments: Rebuild close to size by depositing
circumferential beads using the appropriate build-up
materials for carbon or manganese steel base metal. Finish
manganese steel tumblers with Wearshield Mangjet,
Wearshield 15CrMn manual electrodes or Lincore M,
Lincore 15CrMn semiautomatic electrodes. Finish carbon
steel tumblers with Wearshield MM or Lincore 55.
32
Other Dredging Parts
Recommended Manual Recommended Semiautomatic
Welding Materials Welding Materials
Parts Build-Up Hardfacing Build-Up Hardfacing
Pipeline Swivels, Elbows Wearshield ABR Lincore 50
� �
and Wyes Wearshield MI
Pan Head Lips Lincore 60-G
Wearshield 60
� � Lincore 60-O
Wearshield 70
Lincore 65-O
Spud Clamps Lincore 60-G
Wearshield 15CrMn Wearshield 60 Lincore 15CrMn
Lincore 60-O
Wearshield Mangjet Wearshield 70 Lincore M
Lincore 65-O
Spud Points Lincore 60-G
Wearshield 15CrMn Wearshield 60 Lincore 15CrMn
Lincore 60-O
Wearshield Mangjet Wearshield 70 Lincore M
Lincore 65-O
Bucket Pins Lincore 33 Lincore 55
Wearshield BU Wearshield MM
Lincore BU-G
Bucket Eyes and Bottoms Wearshield 15CrMn Wearshield 15CrMn Lincore 15CrMn Lincore 15CrMn
Manganese Steel Wearshield Frogmang Wearshield Frogmang Lincore Frogmang Lincore M
Wearshield Mangjet Wearshield Mangjet Lincore M
Drive Tumblers Wearshield BU Lincore 33
Wearshield BU Wearshield BU
Wearshield BU30 Lincore 40-O
Wearshield BU30 Wearshield BU30
Lincore BU-G
Drive Tumbler Plates Lincore 50
Wearshield 60
Manganese Steel Lincore 60-G
� Wearshield 70 �
Carbon Steel Lincore 60-O
Wearshield ME
Lincore 65-O
Retard Rings Wearshield 44 Lincore 50
Wearshield 70 Lincore 60-G
� Wearshield 60 � Lincore 60-O
Wearshield ABR Lincore 65-O
Wearshield ME
IMPORTANT: SPECIAL VENTILATION
AND/OR EXHAUST REQUIRED
Fumes from the normal use of certain hardfacing
welding products contain significant quantities of
components such as chromium and manganese
which can lower the 5.0 mg/m3 maximum exposure
guideline for general welding fume.
BEFORE USE, READ AND UNDERSTAND THE
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET (MSDS) FOR
THIS PRODUCT AND SPECIFIC INFORMATION
PRINTED ON THE PRODUCT CONTAINER.
Never overheat manganese steel. Keep interpass temperatures below 500°F (260°C).
33
Iron and Steel 8
SECTION
Industry Components
Steel mill applications involve every type of metal wear.
Base metals range through manganese, high carbon,
and alloy steel. Therefore, selection of procedures and
hardfacing materials for these applications require a
thorough understanding of the basic rules of hardfacing.
Steel mill rolls are typical of equipment to be repaired by
hardfacing. Wear on rolls may be caused by metal-to-
metal friction plus corrosion. In many cases, a modified
stainless steel deposit is recommended to prolong roll life.
On the other hand, certain coke oven parts may require a
deposit that will resist severe abrasion at high temperature.
Blast Furnace Tap Hole Pig Iron Casting Coke Oven Pusher Shoes
Drill Bit Machine Rails
Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing
Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing
Wearshield 60
Wearshield 60 Wearshield M-1 Manual �
Manual �
Wearshield 70
Wearshield 70 Manual � Wearshield MM
Wearshield T&D
Lincore 60-G
Lincore 60-G
Semi-
Semi-
� Lincore 60-O
� Lincore 60-O Comments: Deposit stringer beads as shown in automatic
automatic
Lincore 65-O
Lincore 65-O the sketch for an excellent impact and abrasion
resistant surface.
Blast Furnace Bells And Hoppers
Rebuild the seat area using Lincore 102W and 802 Flux, Lincore 420 and 801
flux or A-96S alloy flux and L-60 wire. Rebuild the burden area with Lincore
60-O, Lincore 60-S/803 flux or H-560 alloy flux with L-60 electrode. For details
of this critical application, contact The Lincoln Electric Company, Application
Engineering Department.
34
Open Hearth Charging Box Ingot Buggy Wheels Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing
and Tracks Lincore 33
Semi-
Lincore 33 Lincore 40-O
automatic
Lincore 55
Automatic Lincore 30-S/801 A-96S/L-60
Lincore 35-S/801 Lincore 420/801
Comments: Use Lincore 30-S with 801 flux to
rebuild wheels to size. Hardface with Lincore
420/801 flux or A-96S alloy flux with L-60 wire.
Lincore 33 and Lincore 55 self-shielded flux-
cored electrode with semiautomatic methods can
also be used. Observe proper preheat and
interpass temperature precautions.
Base Metal: Carbon Steel
Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing
Wearshield BU
Manual Wearshield MM
Wearshield BU30
Blooming Mill Manipulator
Ingot Buggy Dump Pistons
Lincore 40-O
Rest Bar
Semi- Lincore 33
Lincore 55
automatic Lincore BU-G
Lincore 55-G
Base Metal: Manganese Steel
Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing
Manual Wearshield Mangjet Wearshield MM
Lincore 40-O
Semi- Lincore 15CrMn
Lincore 55
automatic Lincore M
Lincore 55-G
Comments: Use the manual electrode Wearshield
Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing
BU or the open arc wire Lincore 33 to build-up the
worn ends of carbon steel boxes close to size as Lincore 33 Manual � Wearshield MM
Semi-
shown in the sketch. Use Lincore M or Wear-shield Lincore BU � Lincore 55
automatic Semi-
Mangjet for manganese steel boxes. Hardface with Lincore BU-G � Lincore 55-G
automatic
Wearweld MM or Lincore 55 to resist the metal-to- Automatic Lincore 30-S/801 � Lincore T&D
metal service wear.
Lincore 102W/802
Comments: Use automatic submerged arc Automatic �
Lincore 40-S/801
welding with Lincore 30-S and 801 flux for
maximum economy. Semiautomatic welding with Comments: Hardface with Lincore 40-S with 801
Lincore 33 open arc welding is also practical.
Open Hearth Peel Heads flux or Wearshield MM manual electrode for
resistance to metal-to-metal wear.
Sintering Plant Pallets Sintering Plant Augers
Base Metal: Carbon Steel
Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing
Wearshield BU
Manual Wearshield MM
Wearshield BU30
Lincore 33
Lincore 40-O
Semi- Lincore 33 Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing
Lincore 55
automatic Lincore BU-G
Lincore 55-G Manual � Wearshield MM Wearshield 60
Manual �
Lincore BU-G Wearshield 70
Semi- Lincore 55
�
Base Metal: Manganese Steel automatic Lincore 55-G Lincore 60-G
Semi-
� Lincore 60-O
Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing automatic
Comments: Repair the worn areas as indicated
Lincore 65-O
in the sketch with Wearshield MM manual
Wearshield 15CrMn
Manual Wearshield MM Comments: Use Wearshield 60 for this severe
electrode.
Wearshield Mangjet
abrasion application. Hardface the flight faces
Lincore 40-O
Semi- Lincore 15CrMn and periphery.
Lincore 55
automatic Lincore M
Lincore 55-G
Sintering Plant Wheels
Comments: Use the manual electrode Wearshield
BU or the open arc wire Lincore 33 to build carbon
steel peel heads close to size. Use Lincore M,
Comments: Inspect then repair all cracks and surface defects.
Lincore 15CrMn or Wearshield Mangjet for
Build-up for metal-to-metal wear by depositing either transverse or
manganese steel parts. Hardface with Wearshield
MM or Lincore 55 to resist the metal-to-metal circumferential beads using Lincore 33 or Wearshield BU.
service wear.
35
STEEL MILL ROLL REBUILDING 3. Physical condition of roll:
A. How much weld deposit will be required?
Rebuilding of steel mill rolls of all types by submerged
arc welding affords the steel companies tremendous B. Size, diameter and length of roll?
opportunities to make substantial savings in rolling mill
C. Cast or forged - are they sound?
costs. Many rolls which would normally be scrapped
D. Surface condition - cracked? How much work
after only 10 percent or less of the original material in
will be required to obtain crack free surface?
them has been lost due to wear can be reclaimed by
replacing worn sections with suitable submerged arc
The following rolling equipment offer substantial savings
welded deposits. The type of weld deposit required and
when rebuilt by arc welding:
the procedure necessary to obtain the required wear
resistance depend upon a number of factors.
I. The Roll Body
These are:
II. The Roll Necks (Bearing Seats)
1. Service to which roll will be subjected: III. Wobblers
IV. Coupling Boxes
A. Rolls on primary mills such as blooming and
V. Main Drive Spindles
slabbing mills or continuous casters where rolls
are subjected to thermal shock.
Following are some suggestions for rebuilding roll
B. Roughing mills where slabs or blooms are bodies:
reduced to billets, plates, strip, etc.
C. Finishing mills where further reduction of the Type Roll Body Hardfacing Material
Being Built (Automatic - Submerged Arc)
final product takes place.
Lincore 420/801
Continuous Caster Rolls
D. Leveler and straightener rolls where final A-96S Alloy Flux/L-60 Wire
products such as bars, pipe, sheet, etc., are
Lincore 102W/802
straightened. Straightener & Leveller Rolls
A-96S Alloy Flux/L-60 Wire
E. Table Rolls � These are really conveyor rolls
Lincore 30 /801
over which the material is moved from one Lincore 4130/801 or
Table Rolls
section of the mill to another. Lincore 102W/802
A-96S Alloy Flux/L-60 Wire
2. Analysis of the base metal of the roll being Preheat rolls prior to welding. Preheat temperature will depend upon chemical
analysis of roll along with its mass. Refer to “Suggested Preheat and Interpass
considered for reclamation:
Temperatures� for welding various types of steel or check with Lincoln
A. AISI-SAE 1030 and 1040 steel mill rolls and the Preheat Calculator. Preheat and interpass temperature of the hardenable weld
deposits (martensitic) must be kept above the transformation start
low carbon alloy steels require a moderate temperature from the start of welding until all welding is complete.
preheat of 250°-400°F (120°-200°C) at the
start of welding. Deposits may be machined at slow speeds with carbide or other special
tooling, or they may be ground.
B. Some steel mill rolls are medium carbon alloy
Contact Lincoln Electric’s Application Engineering Department for proper
steels and require a thorough preheat. The pre- welding procedures.
heat temperature varies with the base metal but
a normal range is 500°F-750°F (260°-400°C).
C. Other steel mill rolls, for example finishing rolls,
are made of high carbon alloy steels with
complex metallurgical structures. Restoring
dimensions by welding is generally not
recommended, because fracture of the roll
body is likely.
In any case, it is important to obtain the proper
preheat temperature from a Preheat Calculator
and to maintain the preheat during welding and
follow proper post heat treatments for
successful results.
36
Foundry Parts
Flasks Muller Tires Sand Slinger Cups
Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing
Wearshield BU H-560/L-60 Wearshield 60
Automatic �
Manual � Manual �
Wearshield BU30 Lincore 60-S/803 Wearshield 70
Lincore 33 Lincore 60-G
Comments: Most foundry Muller tires are cast
Semi- Semi-
Lincore 40-O � � Lincore 60-O
iron and hardfacing is not recommended. Cast
automatic automatic
Lincore BU-G Lincore 65-O
steel tires should be hardfaced when new using
submerged arc automatic welding with Lincore
Comments: Use Wearshield BU, or Lincore 33 Comments: Deposit stringer beads on the face
60-S with 803 flux or H-560 flux and L-60 wire.
to rebuild carbon steel flasks. Machine to size and leading edge using Wearshield 60 electrode.
after welding. Semiautomatic welding with Lincore 60-O can
also be used.
Other Iron and Steel Applications
Recommended Manual Recommended Semiautomatic
Welding Materials Welding Materials
Parts Build-Up Hardfacing Build-Up Hardfacing
Lincore 60-O & 60-G
Wearshield 60
Sintering Plant Finger Crushers � � Lincore 60-O & 60-G
Wearshield 70
Lincore 65-O
Lincore 60-O & 60-G
Wearshield 60
Ash Conveyor � � Lincore 60-O & 60-G
Wearshield 70
Lincore 65-O
Lincore 60-O & 60-G
Wearshield 60
Mill Plows � � Lincore 60-O & 60-G
Wearshield 70
Lincore 65-O
Wear Pads for Stock Blue Max 309/309L AC/DC Wearshield MM Lincore 55
�
Heating Furnaces Red Baron 309/309L MR Wearshield T & D Lincore T&D
Lincore 60-O & 60-G
Cooling Bed Rolls and Wearshield 60
� � Lincore 60-O & 60-G
Dump Shoes Wearshield 70
Lincore 65-O
Charging Furnace Wet Skids � Wearshield MM � Lincore 55
Lincore 33
Wearshield BU
Cam Dumper Track � Lincore 40-O �
Wearshield BU30 Lincore BU-G
NOTE: Lincoln Electric manufactures numerous Lincore electrodes that are designed for submerged arc welding with Lincolnweld fluxes, primarily for use on steel mill
rolls. Request Publication C7.10 for specific information on these electrodes.
IMPORTANT: SPECIAL VENTILATION
AND/OR EXHAUST REQUIRED
Fumes from the normal use of certain hardfacing welding products contain significant
quantities of components such as chromium and manganese which can lower the 5.0
mg/m3 maximum exposure guideline for general welding fume.
BEFORE USE, READ AND UNDERSTAND THE MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET
(MSDS) FOR THIS PRODUCT AND SPECIFIC INFORMATION PRINTED ON THE
PRODUCT CONTAINER.
37
Other Industries 9
SECTION
Many hardfacing applications are common to more than
one industry. For example, the pounding on a railroad
frog is essentially the same as the severe impact wear
experienced on some impact hammers. Wheels used
in mining, manufacturing and the steel industry are
subjected to similar metal-to-metal wear. When
hardfacing products have been selected for an
application in one industry they can be used for similar
parts in other industries. The important point to
remember is that the wear type must be identified.
Hardfacing should be utilized by small companies as
well as large. Many industries, such as fishing, marine
and agriculture, not covered in this guide, can also
take advantage of the benefits of hardfacing. The
recommendations for many of the parts can be applied
to similar parts in all kinds of industries.
Rubber Industry Mixing Machines
Discharge Doors or Gates
End Plates
Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing
Wearshield 60 Wearshield 60
Manual �
Wearshield ME Wearshield 70
Manual � Wearshield ABR Lincore 60-G
Semi-
Wearshield 44 � Lincore 60-O
automatic
Wearshield 70 Lincore 65-O
Lincore 50 H-560/L-60
Semi- Lincore 60-G Automatic � Lincore 60-S/803
�
automatic Lincore 60-O Lincore 65-O
Lincore 65-O
Comments: Hardface worn areas using two
H-560/L-60
layers of hardfacing. Preheat and slow cool as
Automatic � Lincore 60-S/803
required.
Lincore 65-O
Comments: Cover the areas indicated in the
sketch with two layers of hardfacing. Remove
from service and reweld as soon as possible after
wearing through the hard metal.
Comments: Rebuild rotor shafts using submerged arc automatic welding with Lincore 30-S and 801 flux.
Hardface rotor bodies and tips with Wearshield 60 manual electrode. Hardface mixing chamber using Lincore
60-O flux-cored semiautomatic electrode or Lincore 60-S with 803 flux.
38
Railroads
Manganese Steel Carbon Steel
1. Grind off all work-hardened and 1. Grind off work-hardened and
Frogs, Switches, Rail Ends, fatigued base metal. fatigued base metal.
Cross-Overs
2. Overbuild slightly with Wearshield 2. Preheat to 800°F (425°C).
Mangjet, Wearshield Frogmang,
3. Apply Wearshield BU, BU30,
Lincore Frogmang or Lincore M.
Lincore 33 or Lincore 40-O
Weave beads approx. 3/4"
in weave beads. Overbuild to
(19mm) wide. Skip weld to
allow for finish grinding.
prevent build-up of interpass
temp. Do not allow interpass 4. Postheat 1100°F (600°C)
temp to exceed 500°F (260°C). and cover with a fiberglass
Peen each bead. blanket.
3. Finish grind.
Logging
Logging Arch Wheels Bark Conveyor Trunnions Drive Sprockets and Drums
Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing
Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing
Wearshield BU Wearshield BU
Wearshield BU
Wearshield BU Manual Wearshield MM
Manual Wearshield MM
Manual Wearshield BU30 Wearshield BU30
Wearshield BU30
Wearshield BU30
Wearshield MM
Lincore 33 Lincore 33
Semi- Lincore 33
Lincore 55 & 55-G Lincore 33 Lincore 40
automatic Lincore BU-G Semi- Lincore 33
Lincore 40-O Lincore 40-O Lincore 55
Semi- Lincore 33 automatic Lincore BU-G
Lincore 30-S/801 Lincore 55 Lincore 55-G
Automatic Lincore 40-S/801 automatic Lincore BU-G
H-535/L-60 Lincore 55-G Lincore BU-G
Lincore BU-G
Comments: Rebuild close to final size and Automatic Lincore 30-S/801 Lincore 40-S/801
Automatic Lincore 30-S/801 Lincore 40-S/801
hardface using manual, semiautomatic or automatic
Comments: Provide the metal-to-metal wear
welding methods and the materials listed above. As
Comments: Most economically reconditioned resistant surface on worn sprocket teeth using
with hardfacing any wheel, use the proper preheat
using automatic submerged arc methods. Wearshield MM manual electrode. Rebuild worn drums
and interpass temperature.
Trunnions can also be welded using semiautomatic using automatic submerged arc procedures available
and manual welding. Preheat and slow cooling is from The Lincoln Electric Company.
required.
Hog Teeth Hog Rotor Chain Drive Tumblers
Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing
Wearshield 60 Wearshield BU Wearshield 44 Manual � Wearshield MM
Manual
Manual � Wearshield 70 Wearshield BU30 Wearshield ABR Comments: Overlay the tumbler drive blocks
Wearshield ME with two layers of metal-to-metal wear resistant
Semi- Lincore 33
Lincore 50
deposits from Wearshield MM electrode.
Lincore 55 automatic Lincore BU-G
Semi- Lincore 60-G
� Comments: Rebuild the worn area around the knife
automatic Lincore 60-O
slots using Wearshield BU. Overlay the entire wear area
Lincore 65-O
using Wearshield ABR electrode or Lincore 50. Take all
Comments: Provide the needed severe abrasion necessary precautions to minimize distortion of the
resistant deposit by hardfacing with Wearshield 60 rotors.
or Lincore 60-O.
39
Because of its ability to put down high quality weld
Paper Pulp Digester Cladding
deposits at low costs, the submerged arc automatic
welding process has emerged as one of the better ways
to get the job done.
Equipment to be Cladding
Cladded Materials
Blue Max S316/316L elec./
Lincoln ST-100 Flux
Inside walls of Blue Max S309/309L elec./
Paper Pulp Digester Lincoln ST-100 Flux
ER 310 elec./
Blue Max 2000 Flux
The deposits made with the above electrode/flux combinations are of the
austenitic chrome-nickel type. Preheating, except to prevent underbead
cracking in the base metal, is generally not recommended.
In simplest terms, a digester is a steel vessel in which
wood chips are cooked at temperatures upwards of The following are some of the materials suggested
350°F (180°C) and pressures upwards of 150 psi. The for the cladding process:
digesters are made of carbon steel and vary in size up
to 12 ft. (3.6m) in diameter and 52 ft. (15.8m) long. The For high alloy stainless cladding (e.g. 904L-AWS Class
wall thickness in some cases may be as much as 2" ER385) or nickel base alloy cladding (e.g. Hastelloy
(50mm). These digesters are mounted vertically, usually, C-276-AWS Class ErNiCrMo-4), Blue Max 2000 flux
with the building built around the vessel. is recommended.
At one time, the expected life of digesters was from 10 Equipment used for automatic welding consists of:
to 15 years; but modifications of processing designed
1. Automatic submerged arc welding head mounted
to increase production have led to increased corrosion
on a fixture that will automatically index the head
resulting in a need for repairs in as short a time as
approximately one half a bead width vertically after a
two years.
bead has been made completely around the inner
diameter of digester. Since the beads are being laid
Stainless overlay surfaces have been the most
on a vertical surface (the 3 o’clock position) provision
successful solution to this problem. Various paper mills
must be made to support the flux. This is accom-
establish their own specific specifications regarding the
plished by using a belt supported on rollers. The belt
exact chemistry they think is best for the cladding
of this assembly which is spring loaded rides against
material. Also, the Technical Association of the Pulp &
the tank being clad and supports the flux properly
Paper Industry, 360 Lexington Ave., N.Y., N.Y. has
until the weld bead has been deposited.
established specifications and guidelines. Some very
high alloy stainless or nickel base overlays are also 2. Welding Power Source � 1000 amp D.C. Rectifier
being applied. Power Source designed with line voltage
compensation.
Cladding material has been applied to the inside of the
digester wall by manual, semiautomatic and automatic
arc welding.
IMPORTANT: SPECIAL VENTILATION
Hydrapulper Rotors Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing
AND/OR EXHAUST REQUIRED
Blue Max 309L
Fumes from the normal use of certain hardfacing Wearshield 60
Manual AC/DC or
welding products contain significant quantities of Wearshield 70
Red Baron 309/309L
components such as chromium and manganese
which can lower the 5.0 mg/m3 maximum exposure
Comments: Rebuild both inner and outer segments
guideline for general welding fume.
using Blue Max 309L AC/DC stainless steel manual
BEFORE USE, READ AND UNDERSTAND THE electrode. Finish with two layers of Wearshield 60 or one
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET (MSDS) FOR layer of Wearshield 70.
THIS PRODUCT AND SPECIFIC INFORMATION
PRINTED ON THE PRODUCT CONTAINER.
Pulp Digester Valves
Comments: Rebuild the valves using similar methods and materials used to
clad pulp digesters.
40
REBUILDING TOOL JOINTS
FOR ROTARY DRILLING
Although worn, rotary drilling unit tool joints can be
rebuilt to size by any of the electric arc welding
processes:
1. Manual
2. Semiautomatic
3. Automatic
The most effective and economical process to use is
automatic submerged arc. Following are suggestions
covering materials to be used along with recommended
preheats.
Equipment Build-up Hardfacing
to be Rebuilt Material Hard Banding
H-560/L-60
H-535/L-60
Lincore 60-G
Lincore 15CrMn
Tool Joint Lincore 60-O
Lincore 30/801
Lincore 60-S/803
Lincore 32-S/801
Lincore T&D
Rebuild tool joints before they are worn too badly. Use build-up welding
materials to bring worn areas back to diameter slightly under desired size.
Then hardface to desired diameter with materials indicated above. Many tool
joints are rebuilt using only the build up materials with no hardfacing layers.
Preheat Requirements: Use a preheat of approximately 600°F (315°C) on alloy
steel base metal (AISI-SAE 4150 Steels). Lower alloy content material may
require lower preheats. Check with the Lincoln Preheat Calculator.
41
Rebuilding Other Drilling Equipment
Water Well Drilling
Kellys and Kelly Bushings
Churn Drills
Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing
Wearshield BU Process for Build-Up for Hardfacing
Manual �
Wearshield BU30
Wearshield 60
Manual �
Lincore 33 Wearshield 70
Semi-
� Lincore 40-O
automatic Lincore 60-G
Lincore BU-G Semi-
� Lincore 60-O
automatic
Comments: Preheat as required. Rebuild slightly Lincore 65-O
oversize to allow for finish grinding or machining.
Comments: For drilling in clay, hardface the
Use Wearshield BU or Lincore 33. After welding
working surface as shown with abrasion resistant
retard cooling by covering with a non-flammable
Wearshield 60.
blanket, dry sand, etc.
Other Miscellaneous Applications
Manual Semiautomatic
Welding Materials Welding Materials
Parts Build-Up Hardfacing Build-Up Hardfacing
Wearshield 60 Lincore 60-G
Wearshield Mangjet Wearshield 70 Lincore M Lincore 60-O
Railroad Tie Saw Blades
Lincore 65-O
Wearshield 60 Lincore 60-G
Crib-Cleaning Machining
� Wearshield 70 � Lincore 60-O
Digging Lugs
Lincore 65-O
� Wearshield BU � Lincore 33
Locomotive Gears
Wearshield BU30 Lincore BU-G
� Wearshield BU � Lincore 33
Well Drilling Cat Heads
Wearshield BU30 Lincore BU-G
Wearshield 60 Lincore 60-G
Cable Tool Under-reamer
� Wearshield 70 � Lincore 60-O
Lugs
Lincore 65-O
Wearshield BU Wearshield MM Lincore 33 Lincore 55
Clutch Jaws
Wearshield BU30 Lincore BU-G Lincore 55-G
Wearshield 60 Lincore 60-G
� Wearshield 70 � Lincore 60-O
Log Grapple
Lincore 65-O
� Wearshield BU � Lincore 33
Saw Carriage Wheels
Wearshield BU30 Lincore BU-G
Wearshield 60 Lincore 60-G
Debarking
Tips � Wearshield 70 � Lincore 60-O
Hammers
Lincore 65-O
� Wearshield MM � Lincore 55
Heads
Lincore 55-G
� Wearshield MM � �
Debarker Chain Links
� Wearshield T&D � Lincore T&D
Debarker Rotor Knives
� Wearshield MM � Lincore 55
Log Escalator Geared Idler
Lincore 55-G
� Wearshield MM � Lincore 55
Conveyor Chains
Metal-to-Metal
Lincore 55-G
and Links
Wearshield 60 Lincore 60-G
Abrasion Wear � Wearshield 70 � Lincore 60-O
Lincore 65-O
Wearshield 60 Lincore 60-G
� Wearshield 70 � Lincore 60-O
Log Haul Chairs
Lincore 65-O
� Wearshield BU � Lincore 33
Grit Collector Idlers
Wearshield BU30 Lincore BU-G
Blue Max 309L AC/DC Blue Max MIG
Cutter Blocks Red Baron Wearshield T&D 309LSi Lincore T&D
309/309LMR
IMPORTANT: SPECIAL VENTILATION
AND/OR EXHAUST REQUIRED
Fumes from the normal use of certain hardfacing welding products contain significant quantities of components such
as chromium and manganese which can lower the 5.0 mg/m3 maximum exposure guideline for general welding fume.
BEFORE USE, READ AND UNDERSTAND THE MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET (MSDS) FOR THIS
PRODUCT AND SPECIFIC INFORMATION PRINTED ON THE PRODUCT CONTAINER.
42
Procedures and Welding 10
SECTION
Techniques
THE PROCESS SELECTION
MANUAL ELECTRODE WELDING AUTOMATIC WELDING
Recommended: Recommended:
For irregular shapes, out-of-position welding, low volume For large or repeated applications when labor savings offset equip-
applications, and many small parts. ment costs.
Advantages: Advantages:
1. Highly versatile because it handles: 1. Low weld costs due to high deposition rates and fast welding
speeds production.
a. Nearly any shape or contour.
2. Consistent weld quality and a smooth surface are assured by
b. All positions. However, positioning for downhand
mechanical guidance and automatic controls.
welding is recommended.
3. Semiautomatic welding with Lincore self-shielded electrodes
c. Small or large parts.
(no granular flux or shielding gas) approaches the versatility of
d. Any deposit pattern. stick electrode welding.
2. Inexpensive equipment. Requires only minimum fixturing and 4. Almost any conventional semiautomatic or automatic welder
any conventional welder: motor-generator, engine driven, can be used.
or rectifier. DC is recommended, but AC can be used with
many electrodes. Limitations:
1. Welding equipment costs can be substantial. Fixturing is also
Limitations:
often required.
1. Labor costs are relatively high because deposition rates are
2. Submerged arc welding is limited to the flat position or round-
lower than mechanized processes.
abouts. Its ability to weld contours and odd shapes is limited.
2. Human error can result in poor weld quality or a rough surface.
GENERAL GUIDELINES
The Buildup Materials
IMPORTANT: SPECIAL VENTILATION
Some hardfacing deposits have a limited practical deposit thickness.
AND/OR EXHAUST REQUIRED
Therefore, rebuild badly worn parts to within 3/16-3/8" (4.8mm-
Fumes from the normal use of certain hardfacing
9.5mm) of original size before hardfacing. Choice of the buildup mate-
welding products contain significant quantities of
rial depends primarily on the base metal of the part as follows:
components such as chromium and manganese
which can lower the 5.0 mg/m3 maximum exposure
a. Buildup Manganese Steel Parts with Wearshield Mangjet,
guideline for general welding fume.
Wearshield 22Mn5Cr or Wearshield 15CrMn stick electrodes
BEFORE USE, READ AND UNDERSTAND THE
or Lincore M or Lincore 15CrMn Lincore 22Mn5Cr
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET (MSDS) FOR
flux-cored wire.
THIS PRODUCT AND SPECIFIC INFORMATION
PRINTED ON THE PRODUCT CONTAINER. b. Buildup Carbon and Low Alloy Steels with either Wearshield
BU or Wearshield BU30 stick electrode, H-535 submerged
arc flux and L-60, Lincore 30-S/801 or Lincore 33.
Remember, when considering steps to avoid spalling and cracking
problems, you are usually depositing the buildup layer on the base
Preparing the Surface
metal and the hardfacing on the buildup metal. Wearshield Mangjet®,
Wearshield 15CrMn, Lincore® M and Lincore 15CrMn deposits are Remove grease and oil with a solvent and rust and dirt by wire
manganese steel. Wearshield BU, Wearshield BU30 Lincore 30, brushing. If not removed, these contaminant’s can cause porosity,
Lincore 33 and H-535/L-60 deposits are low carbon, low alloy steel. cracking and poor deposit quality.
If underbead cracking becomes a problem when rebuilding high
carbon or other crack-sensitive steel, an initial buttering layer with To provide a good bond between base metal and weld, remove
Excalibur 7018, NS-3M or mild steel flux and wire may be needed. cracks, remains of old high alloy hardfacing deposits and badly work
hardened or distorted surfaces by arc gouging or grinding. Fill cracks,
gouges and surface depressions by manual welding. Use Wearshield
43
BU or Wearshield BU30 on carbon and low alloy steels or Wearshield Welding Edges
Mangjet on manganese steel.
Molten metal, slag, and granular submerged arc flux tends to spill
off the edges particularly when the part is hot. Eliminate spillage by
Preheat and Interpass Temperature
surfacing the edges first before the part becomes hot or else clamp
Most applications require preheating, as a minimum to bring the part copper bars or flux dams along the edges. Run beads along the
to room temperature of 70-100°F. Medium to high carbon and low edge rather than perpendicular to it for smooth welds.
alloy steels may require higher preheat to prevent underbead crack-
ing, weld cracking, spalling, or stress failure of the part. To Obtain the Desired Wear Resistance, Control Alloy
Content and Cooling Rate
Higher preheat and interpass temperature are also needed for mas-
sive or rigid parts and when cracking actually occurs. Determine the How to Control Alloy Content
preheat needed for each job from the information shown elsewhere in
Carbon and alloy content are controlled by both procedures and
this manual.
admixture. Admixture of the electrode metal to the base plate has a
very important effect on the wear resistance of the weld deposit.
NEVER OVERHEAT MANGANESE STEEL. KEEP INTERPASS
Effective weld metal composition is listed for deposits having the
TEMPERATURES BELOW 500°F (260°C).
recommended number of weld passes. Lincore self-shielded wires
and Wearshield stick electrodes produce consistent weld metal
Surfacing cast iron parts requires special procedures. Request
composition despite procedure variations within full normal ranges.
Lincoln Publication C8.10, for details.
A single layer of a highly abrasion resistant material, like Wearshield
60 or Lincore 60-O will not be nearly as abrasion resistant (due to
How to Apply Preheat
dilution) as a second layer.
Preheating is done with gas or oil torches, ovens, or electrical heating
devices, depending upon the size of the part and the equipment avail- How to Control Cooling Rate
able.
Although cooling rate affects wear resistance of some deposits, it is
much more important for the control of spalling, cracking and
It does no good to heat a part, then let it cool before welding.
distortion. Therefore, a slow cooling rate may be required even if it
Always be sure the area to be surfaced is at the specified tem-
reduces wear resistance.
perature when starting to weld.
Methods of controlling cooling rate include the following:
Checking the temperature of the part during welding may be needed
1. Preheating is the most effective way of slowing the cooling rate.
to be sure it has not cooled. More heating may be needed if welding
is stopped for lunch or any other reason.
2. Heat input from welding slows cooling by raising the temperature
of the part.
Interpass temperature is the temperature of the surface when welding
3. Insulating the hot part immediately after welding with dry sand,
all layers except the first layer. It is just as important and should
lime, glass fiber blanket, etc. slows cooling. This method helps
usually be as high as the preheat temperature. NEVER OVERHEAT
minimize residual cooling stresses, weld cracking and distortion
MANGANESE STEEL. KEEP INTERPASS TEMPERATURES
but does not affect wear resistance of most deposits. Remember
BELOW 500°F (260°C).
also, large parts pull heat away from the weld more quickly than
small parts. They naturally cool the weld faster.
Pattern of Deposit
Although the pattern is usually not important, here are a few general
To Avoid Weld Spalling
rules:
Spalling is the breaking of weld metal particles away from the base
1. The best pattern is usually the one most economical to apply.
metal or previous hardfacing layers. Particle size varies from small
chips to large pieces right down to the base metal. Spalling normally
2. Since pattern affects shrinkage stresses, it can be used to help
occurs only in service. To avoid spalling:
control distortion and cracking tendencies.
1. Prepare the Surface: As in production welding, hardfacing welds
3. A pattern with openings between beads is practical when the
must have a sound crack-free bond with the base metal.
openings fill with the abrasive material in service.
Therefore, clean the surface and repair cracks and surface
4. On jobs like crusher rolls, beads placed on the rolls across the
damage.
flow of material help pull the material through the rolls.
2. Avoid Underbead Cracking: Rapid cooling from welding tempera-
5. Beads placed parallel to the flow of abrasive material smooth the
ture can cause brittle, crack-sensitive, heat-affected zones in
flow to reduce wear.
some types of base metal. These zones tend to crack in service
causing spalling. To avoid this problem, preheat as specified.
Buildup
3. Apply a layer of austenite before depositing hardfacing. This can be
Badly worn surfaces are normally rebuilt to within 3/16-3/8" (4.8mm-
Type 309 stainless or highly alloyed austenitic manganese, such as
9.5mm) of original size before hardfacing. Buildup carbon or low alloy
Wearshield 15CrMn, Wearshield 22Mn5Cr, Lincore 15CrMn or
steel with Wearshield BU, Wearshield BU30 or Lincore 33 or with L-60
Lincore 22Mn5Cr. Standard austenitic manganese, such as
and H535 submerged arc flux using low alloy procedure guides.
Wearshield Mangjet or Lincore M, may not provide enough alloy for
Rebuild manganese steel with either Wearshield Mangjet or Lincore M.
austenite in a single layer over carbon or low alloy steel.
4. Limit Deposit Thickness: Thick hardfacing deposits build up
Admixture and Cooling Rate
shrinkage stresses resulting in a greater tendency for spalling. Do
Small beads made with small electrodes and low currents have fast
not use more hardfacing layers than specified for each type de-
cooling rates and low admixture of base metal into weld metal. Using
posit. If thicker deposits are required, utilize more buildup before
two layers reduces admixture in the final layer.
hardfacing. Peen each layer of thick buildup deposits to relieve
stresses.
44
To Avoid Underbead Cracking Manganese Steel: 12-14% Manganese
Underbead cracks are small cracks that can occur in the heat affect- 1. Not hardenable or crack-sensitive. Preheat is not required for
ed zone of the base metal under the weld. The cracks do not usually thinner sections.
show on the surface, but can cause spalling or cracking of the part in
2. Preheat massive or highly rigid parts to 100-200°F (38-93°C).
service.
Prolonged heating over 500°F (260°C) can cause embrittlement
of the manganese steel.
Occurrence of underbead cracking depends primarily upon the
3. On small parts, avoid high localized heating by using a skip
carbon and alloy content of the base metal. See following text for
welding technique.
specific preheat recommendations. Use of the non-low hydrogen
electrodes � Wearshield 60, Wearshield ABR and Wearshield MM �
Cast Iron
may require 100-300°F (40-150°C) higher preheat than the other
Lincoln buildup or hardfacing materials. However, welding with these 1. Extremely crack sensitive. The heat affected zone may be full
electrodes on hot buildup layers usually eliminates potential problems. of cracks even with preheat temperatures of 1200-1400°F
(650-760°C). Therefore, hardfacing cast iron is often
The easiest way to prevent underbead cracking is to slow the cooling uneconomical. If it must be welded, follow the standard cast
rate by preheating. Always be sure the part is at least up to room iron welding precautions in Lincoln Publication C8.10.
temperature [70-100°F (20-40°C)] before welding. Use higher pre-
heats if specified for your particular base metal below. When the base To Avoid Stress Failure of the Part
metal analysis is known, you can determine recommended preheat
Some parts contain high retained internal stresses. When the welding
more closely using the Preheat Calculator available from the Lincoln
stresses are added to these retained stresses, the part can break.
Electric Company.
This is stress failure.
Completing all buildup and hardfacing without long delays is recom-
Such failure can occur near the weld or at any weak point in the part.
mended to keep the part hot. This minimizes danger of cracking and
Look for this possibility when hardfacing the following types of parts:
eliminates need for additional preheating.
a. Highly rigid parts. Massive parts and complex shapes are
Submerged arc welding, particularly with the Spreadarc inherently rigid.
attachment, is a high heat input process. It heats the part, slows the
b. Shrink-fit parts.
cooling rate and reduces underbead cracking problems. Spreadarc
is not recommended on manganese steel. c. Some large castings, particularly when they are made of medium
to high carbon steel or medium carbon low alloy steels.
Low Carbon Steel: to 0.30%C approx. d. Parts hardened by heat treatment.
1. Slightly hardenable. Preheat 70-300°F (21-149°C).
Stress failure can be avoided with the following steps:
2. Preheat heavy parts of over .20%C to 200-300°F (93-149°C). Use
1. Preheat slowly to the high side of the temperature range as
the higher temperature for massive, rigid or complex parts.
previously specified for the particular type of base metal. As much
as possible, this preheat should be uniform throughout the part.
Medium Carbon Steel: 0.30 to 0.45%C approx.
a. Shrink-fit parts must be preheated to expand them until they
1. Moderately hardenable, especially in large parts and heavy
are loose. Manganese steel requires a lower temperature
sections. Preheat to 300-500°F (149-260°C). Use the higher
because it has a high coefficient of expansion.
temperature for higher carbon contents and for large, rigid or
complex parts. b. Parts which were hardened by heat treatment should be
pack or controlled atmosphere annealed. Slow cool until
High Carbon Steel: over 0.45%C approx. the specified preheat temperature is reached.
1. Highly hardenable and crack sensitive in all sizes and shapes. 2. Arrange the welding schedule so it can be completed without
Preheat to 500-800°F (260-427°C). Use the higher temperatures any interruptions.
for the higher carbon contents and for large, rigid or complex
3. The part should be slowly and uniformly cooled. This can be done
shapes.
by covering the part with a glass fiber blanket or some other
2. When carbon content is near .80%, deposit a buttering layer with insulating material or by cooling in a furnace.
Excalibur 7018 or a mild steel submerged arc flux and electrode
prior to depositing buildup or hardfacing layers. The buttering layer To Avoid Weld Cracking
minimizes underbead cracking danger and provides a good bond
Products Designed for Build-Up
between base metal and hardfacing deposits.
Lincoln hardfacing products designed for buildup applications have
Low Alloy Steel: good resistance to cross cracking and are not restricted with regard
to deposit thickness. These products include Wearshield BU,
1. Varies from medium hardenable to highly hardenable depending
Lincore M, Lincore 30-S with 801 flux, Lincore 33, Wearshield
upon carbon and alloy content. Preheat to 100-500°F (38-260°C).
15CrMn, Lincore 15CrMn and H-535/L-60 (low alloy procedure),
Use the higher temperatures for higher carbon and alloy contents
A-96S/L-60 and A-100/L-60 electrodes.
and for large, rigid or complex shapes.
2. Preheat temperatures up to 800°F (427°C) or a buttering layer Special precautions, however, should be taken with any
may be required if the carbon content is over .35%C. buildup or hardfacing product on applications that are
inherently crack sensitive. These applications include the
surfacing of high carbon or alloy steels, previously surfaced parts
and highly stressed parts. The surfacing of heavy cylinders,
massive parts and parts having complex shapes are all examples
of applications producing high internal stresses that may result in
delayed cracking.
45
Longitudinal or Center-line Cracking
This cracking is associated with poor bead shape. It is caused by
too flat a bead, that is, a high ratio of bead width to bead height. If
center-line cracking is a problem:
a. When welding with stick or Lincore flux-cored electrodes, use a
stringer bead or minimum weaving technique and low current.
b. Be sure fillet welds are slightly convex.
c. In submerged arc surfacing when using Spreadarc attachment,
center-line cracking does not often occur. This is because the
high heat input of the process assures sufficiently slow cooling.
Complex shape is inherently rigid. Preheat to
prevent stress failure at any weak point. d. In other submerged arc jobs this cracking can sometimes occur.
If it does, decrease the step-over (or increase the bead overlap)
enough to remelt the center of the previous bead, or adjust bead
shape.
e. For submerged arc jobs on roundabouts, be sure you set the
correct electrode displacement distance and angle as specified
in circumferential sub-arc hardfacing.
To Avoid Distortion Problems
Distortion in welding is caused principally by the unbalanced stresses
which result from the expansion of the metal during heating and con-
traction during cooling. These stresses and their effects are uneven
both in strength and direction. They depend on many factors.
Shrink-fit tire � Expand by preheating to prevent
stress failure.
In many cases the small amount of resultant distortion does not affect
the performance of the part. Consequently, no more precaution than
clamping the part in position for welding is needed.
In some cases the part is hardfaced oversize to allow for the
distortion. It is then machined or ground to size. This method is most
often used on parts which must be machined or ground to finish
before using.
In some cases the part is allowed to distort, and it is straightened
while still hot enough to bend without cracking.
In those cases where the distortion will ruin the usability of the part,
Crusher roll � Loosen through bolts and expand the distortion forces must be controlled. Use one or a combination of
the roll with preheat to loosen plugs. the following methods. Generally, a study of the part to be surfaced
and the equipment available will determine the best method to use.
These applications may require one or more of the following Methods of Controlling Distortion:
precautions:
1. Preforming � Use with flat pieces and other relatively thin and
1. Higher preheat temperature [400-500°F (200-260°C)]. simply shaped parts.
2. Higher interpass temperatures. a. Bend, form, or clamp the part with the proper preset before
welding. The distortion forces will then pull the part back to
3. Controlled slow cooling between passes and/or layers and
its original shape.
after completion of the welding.
2. Counterbalance the stresses � Use with parts which cannot be
4. Minimizing layer thickness.
straightened after welding. Be sure the increased rigidity will not
cause underbead cracking.
Very severely stressed parts may require an intermittent or final
drawing operation at 800-900°F (427-482°C). a. Weld or clamp two similar parts back to back. Alternate the
welding from one part to the other.
Transverse or Cross Cracking
b. Weld or clamp the part to a strongback, fixture or platen.
1. The third and sometimes the second Wearshield ABR or Lincore
3. Limit the temperature of the part � This is an effective method
50 layer and all “Severe Abrasion� type deposits are designed to
particularly when high rigidity can cause cracking.
cross crack. This is beneficial because the cracking relieves
stresses which can otherwise cause spalling or distortion. This a. Distribute the heat evenly by first welding one area, then
cross cracking does not harm the wear resistance of the deposit. welding a different area as the first cools.
2. In other types of deposits, cross cracking can be a problem. It b. Reduce the heat input by using a procedure with low current.
generally occurs in parts which are massive, rigid or of complex
c. Remove some of the heat by blowing air, circulating water
shape. If this cross cracking must be minimized, preheat to
through the part, or clamping a water-cooled copper jacket
1200°F (650°C). The preheating found necessary to prevent
to the part.
underbead or stress failure cracking will also minimize weld
cross cracking.
46
Wearshield hardfacing electrodes may be used on flat, vertical and
d. Substitute properly welded inserts rather than making thick
sometimes overhead surfaces. In the flat position, the excellent
welds.
Wearshield arc operation will permit weaving the electrode up to
4. Relieve the stresses � Stress relieve very large parts, rigid
1/2 inch (12.7mm) wide. When welding on vertical surfaces, deposit a
shapes, shrink-fit parts, and other highly stressed pieces.
stringer bead along the bottom of the area to be surfaced and build
a. Peen each layer during cooling. This is most effective with on that bead to cover the entire surface. Overhead applications re-
“Severe Impact� and “Abrasion-plus-Impact� type deposits. quire smaller diameter electrode, low operating currents and special
welding techniques to prevent weld metal dripping. Wide weaves
b. Preheat the entire part slowly and uniformly to expand the
are not recommended with any hardfacing electrodes and in
part prior to welding. Generally 150-200°F (66-93°C) is
particular, not with manganese steel electrodes or base metals.
sufficient for manganese steel. Preheat carbon or low alloy
steel to 300-500°F (149-260°C).
As in any type welding, proper plate preparation is necessary for
good results.
5. Cross-Cracking Deposit � The “Severe Abrasion� type deposits
are designed to cross crack on cooling. These cracks minimize
Small diameter electrodes and low currents are recommended when
distortion by relieving the stresses.
welding on manganese steel castings. Procedures and techniques
that will prevent overheating the manganese base plate are necessary
to prevent cracking spalling, and embrittlement.
Lincore Open Arc Self-Shielded Electrodes
Typical Parameters Table 2
Direct Current Electrode Positive (DC+)(1)
.045" 1/16" 5/64" 7/64"
Electrode Size (1.1 mm) (1.6 mm) (2.0 mm) (2.8 mm)
WFS in/min 200-600 150-450 125-250 90-175
(m/min) (5.1-15.2) (3.8-11.4) (3.2-6.4) (2.3-4.4)
Amps 85-250 125-350 190-400 280-420
Volts 21-31 24-33 25-32 26-32
ESO Inches 3/4-1 1/8 7/8-1 3/4 1 1/4-1 3/4 1 1/2-2 3/4
(mm) (19-29) (22-45) (32-45) (38-70)
Deposition Rate
Lb/Hr 3.6-12.3 4.8-16.6 7.0-15.1 8.4-16.5
Jaw crusher � if distortion leaves crusher plate unsupported at the ends, (kg/hr) (1.5-5.6) (2.2-7.5) (3.2-6.9) (3.8-7.5)
working pressure causes bending stresses which can lead to failure.
Melt-Off Rate
Lb/Hr 4.3-13.1 5.9-17.4 8.0-15.8 10.6-19.6
(kg/hr) (2.0-5.9) (2.7-7.9) (3.6-7.2) (4.8-8.9)
Constant voltage power supplies are recommended but constant current
(1)
may also be used.
General Welding Procedures
Table 2 lists typical parameters for the Lincore Open Arc Electrodes.
Manual Covered Electrodes - Table 1
Individual electrode sheets contain precise information relative to
procedure and deposition rates. Small diameter Lincore semiauto-
Electrode Size 3/32 1/8 5/32 3/16 1/4 matic electrodes can be used on vertical surfaces by depositing a
In (mm) (2.4) (3.2) (4.0) (4.8) (6.4) stringer bead along the bottom of the area to be surfaced. A copper
chill bar may be necessary to support this bead. Subsequent beads
DC+/AC
80-100 90-165 140-220 175-260 210-325
(Amps) are deposited along the previous bead top surface until the area to
be surfaced is covered.
Deposition Rate
Lb/Hr 1.2-2.0 2.1-2.8 2.7-3.8 3.7-5.0 4.9-6.9
Lincore semiautomatic electrodes are designed for optimum operator
(kg/hr) (.54-.90) (.95-1.3) (1.2-1.7) (1.7-2.3) (2.2-3.1)
appeal and require no external shielding. It is possible to use these
electrodes with Lincolnweld 801 flux for a further reduction in smoke
There is an optimum current for every application. Use the above
and spatter.
listed guide to find the best setting for a particular Wearshield
electrode and application.
47
Circumferential Submerged Arc Hardfacing
Lincore Open Arc Self-Shielded Electrodes
Operating Characteristics - Table 3 For a thorough description of circumferential submerged arc welding, refer to
Lincoln Publication C5.630.
When Lincore electrodes are used properly, the resulting smooth, uniform
weld bead is fully covered (except Lincore 50, 60-O and 65-O), with easily
In circumferential hardfacing, 3 inch (76mm) diameter and larger cylindrical
removed slag and depositions rates are significantly higher than with manual
objects are rotated under the welding head. The welds differ from those made
(stick) welding.
in the flat position in that the flux and molten metal tends to sag or spill off the
work.
Wire Feed Speed Increases Deposition Rate
(Amps) Increases Penetration
Increasing Increases Heat Input To prevent spilling or bead distortion, the weld must freeze as it passes the
vertical center of the work. This requires the proper electrode displacement
Voltage Wider and Flatten Bead
distance as listed in Table 6 and the proper wire feed speed and voltage from
Increasing Excessive Voltage Results in
Table 4. Speed must also be controlled to make small beads of the proper
Porosity
shape.
Electrical Stickout (ESO) Increases Melt-Off Rate
Increasing Excessively Long Stickout
A faster, smaller bead tends to freeze quicker than a slow bead.
Results in Increased Spatter
Decreasing Excessively Short Stickout
Temperature Control
Results in Porosity
The temperature of the work should be kept below 700°F (370°C) for easy slag
removal and control of spilling. In addition to depositing small beads and using
Lincore Submerged Arc Electrodes air jets or internal water cooling (when practical), temperature can be controlled
Typical Parameters - Table 4 by depositing a stringer bead.
A good starting point for general operating procedures when welding with
submerged arc flux and the Lincore electrodes would be in the middle of the
operating range.
3/32" 1/8" 5/32"
Electrode Size (2.4 mm) (3.2 mm) (4.0 mm) Approximate
Displacement (d)
WFS in/min 50-140 48-90 40-65
of the electrode
m/min (1.3-3.6) (1.2-2.3) (1.0-1.7)
Amps 250-450 350-625 475-800
Volts 25-28 26-30 26-30
ESO Inches 1-1/4 1-1/2 1-1/2
Table 6
(mm) (32) (38) (38)
Deposition Rate Electrode Position “d�
Lb/Hr 6.5-17.5 9.5-22.1 13.1-27.3 Girth Diameter (Inches ahead of vertical center)
(kg/hr) (2.9-8.0) (4.3-10.0) (6.0-12.4)
In (mm) In (mm)
Melt-Off Rate
3-18 (76-457) 3/4�1 (19-25)
Lb/Hr 6.6-17.8 9.7-22.6 13.4-27.9
18-36 (457-914) 1-1/4�1-1/2 (31-38)
(kg/hr) (3.0-8.1) (4.4-10.3) (6.1-12.7)
36-48 (914-1219) 1-1/2�2 (38-51)
48-72 (1219-1828) 2�2-1/2 (51-63)
over 72 (1824) 3 (76)
Lincore Submerged Arc Electrodes
Electrode Sizes/Deposition Rates - Table 5
Change the parameters as suggested in Table 3 for individual applications.
Using the maximum wire feed speed (amps) within the limits of good weld bead
shape will result in the highest deposition rate and the most economical welding
procedure.
Travel
WFS ESO Speed
Diameter In/min Approx. In. In/min
In (mm) (m/min) (Amps) Volts (mm) (m/min)
1-1/4 15-25
3/32 (2.4) 120 (3.0) 375 26
(32) (.4-.6)
1-1/2 15-25
1/8 (3.2) 100 (2.5) 500 27
(38.5) (.4-.6)
1-1/2 15-25
5/32 (4.0) 85 (2.2) 650 28
(38.5) (.4-.6)
The serviceability of a product or structure utilizing this type of information is and must be the sole responsibility of the builder/user. Many variables
beyond the control of The Lincoln Electric Company affect the results obtained in applying this type of information. These variables include, but are not
limited to, welding procedure, plate chemistry and temperature, weldment design, fabrication methods and service requirements.
48
Overlap Overlap
Welding Currents & Voltages
The amount one bead overlaps the adjacent bead affects both admixture of
base metal into weld metal � greater overlap reduces admixture � and
Diameter
appearance of the finished weld. Control overlap by adjusting the amount of
in. (mm) Current
longitudinal travel with each revolution.
3-6 (76-152) 250-350 amps (1)
Longitudinal travel is accomplished either by spiraling the bead or indexing the 6-12 (76-304) 300-400 amps
12-18 (304-457) 350-500 amps
welding head across the work after each complete revolution (stepover). Unless
over 18 (457) Standard hardfacing procedures
a lathe with a slow screw feed mechanism or a very low speed travel carriage is
(single electrode or twin arc).
available, the stepover method is recommended.
Voltage Range is 24-32 volts.
(1)
For automatic stepover, mount a limit switch that is operated by a cam type trip
on the rotating fixture. Connect the limit switch into the travel carriage motor cir-
cuit so the motor runs when the switch is operated. The distance moved is con-
trolled by the size of the cam and speed of the travel motor. A time delay can be
used in place of the cam. Slag must be removed before each bead makes a
complete revolution.
Neutral Hardfacing Flux Characteristics
Lincolnweld® 880 � Light in color, fine mesh size most economical.
Use with most hardfacing semiautomatic and
automatic Lincore electrodes.
Lincolnweld 801 � Darker in color, larger mesh size. Use with most
hardfacing semiautomatic and automatic
Lincore electrodes.
Lincolnweld 802 � Use with electrodes containing Ti, V, Cb, Mo or
W alloys. May be used in place of 801 flux.
Lincolnweld 803 � Use with Lincore 60-S.
Certain fluxes, described as “neutral� with regard to mild steel and low alloy
steel joining, are not neutral when used with Lincore hardfacing electrodes.
Some fluxes can remove considerable carbon and/or chromium, and produce
weld metal of less than optimum composition and wear resistance.
If in doubt, ask! Call your Lincoln Representative or The Lincoln Electric
Weld Technology Department, in Cleveland, Ohio at (216) 383-4760.
49
Preheat Recommendation Chart
Preheat-°F.(°C)(a) Preheat°F.(°C)(a)
Steel Base Metal Steel Base Metal
Group Steel Designation Carbon 4" thick Group Steel Designation Carbon 4" thick
1015 .13-.18 150° (66°) 5015 .12-.17 200° (93°)
1020 .18-.23 150° (66°) 5046 .43-.48 450° (232°)
Carbon Chromium
AISI-SAE 1030 .28-.34 200° (93°) AISI-SAE 5115 .13-.18 200° (93°)
Steels Steels
1040 .37-.44 300° (149°) 5145 .43-.48 450° (232°)
1080 .75-.88 600° (316°) 5160 .56-.64 550° (288°)
1330 .28-.33 250° (121°) Austenitic 11-14% Mn .5-1.3
Preheat only
1335 .33-.38 300° (149°) Manganese 302 .15 Max.
Manganese to remove
AISI-SAE 1340 .38-.43 350° (177°) And ASTM 309 .20 Max.
Steels chill from
1345 .43-.48 400° (204°) Chrome-Ni. 310 .25 Max.
base metal
1345H .42-.49 400° (204°) Steels (b) 347 .08 Max.
4027H .24-.30 250° (121°) Carbon A36 .27 Max. 250° (121°)
4032H .29-.35 300° (149°) Steel Plate A131 Gr.B .21 Max. 200° (93°)
Molybdenum
AISI-SAE 4037H .34-.41 350° (177°) Structural ASTM A284 Gr.C .29 Max. 250° (121°)
Steels
4042H .39-.46 400° (204°) Quality A678 Gr.B (c) .20 Max. 200° (93°)
4047H .44-.51 450° (232°)
High Strength A131-H.S. .18 Max. 350° (177°)
4118 .17-.23 250° (121°) Low Alloy A242 Type 2 .20 Max. 200° (93°)
Chrome 4130 .27-.34 300° (149°) Steels ASTM A441 .22 Max. 200° (93°)
Molybdenum AISI-SAE 4135 .32-.39 400° (204°) Structural A588 Gr.B .20 Max. 300° (149°)
Steels 4145 .41-.49 500° (260°) Quality A633 Gr.E .22 Max. 250° (121°)
4145H .42-.49 500° (260°)
Alloy And A514 Gr.F (c) .10-.21 350° (177°)
Ni-Chrome 4340 .38-.43 500° (260°) Pressure A514 Gr.H (c) .12-.21 300° (149°)
Molybdenum 4615 .18-.18 250° (121°) Vessel ASTM A514 Gr.Q (c) .14-.21 550° (288°)
And AISI-SAE 4620 .17-.22 250° (121°) Quality A515 Gr.70 .35 Max. 300° (149°)
Ni-Moly. 4720H .17-.23 300° (149°) Steels A516 Gr.70 .30 Max. 250° (121°)
Steels 4820H .17-.23 300° (149°)
(a) These suggested preheats are recommended when Low Hydrogen processes are used on base metals that are 4" thick. Lower preheats could be used on thinner
material while higher preheats would be necessary on thicker materials. When using non-Low Hydrogen processes increase suggested preheats by 300°F (149°C).
The steels shown on the chart are only partially representative of the steels used in the manufacture of earth moving and other machinery. A Preheat Calculator
available from The Lincoln Electric Co. makes it possible to figure suggested preheats for other steels based upon the chemistry of the steel and the thickness of
the parts to be surfaced.
(b) It is sometimes advisable to preheat large, thick 11 to 14% Manganese parts prior to welding. Use a maximum of 200°F. preheat. (Do not exceed 500°F (260°C)
interpass temperature). Check base metal with magnet. 11 to 14% Manganese and the ASTM 300 series of chrome-nickel steels are NOT magnetic.
(c) Q & T Steels
Customer Assistance Policy
The business of The Lincoln Electric Company is manufacturing and selling high quality welding equipment, consumables,
and cutting equipment. Our challenge is to meet the needs of our customers and to exceed their expectations. On
occasion, purchasers may ask Lincoln Electric for advice or information about their use of our products. We respond to
our customers based on the best information in our possession at that time. Lincoln Electric is not in a position to warrant
or guarantee such advice, and assumes no liability, with respect to such information or advice. We expressly disclaim any
warranty of any kind, including any warranty of fitness for any customer’s particular purpose, with respect to such
information or advice. As a matter of practical consideration, we also cannot assume any responsibility for updating or
correcting any such information or advice once it has been given, nor does the provision of information or advice create,
expand or alter any warranty with respect to the sale of our products.
Lincoln Electric is a responsive manufacturer, but the selection and use of specific products sold by Lincoln Electric is
solely within the control of, and remains the sole responsibility of the customer. Many variables beyond the control of
Lincoln Electric affect the results obtained in applying these type of fabrication methods and service requirements.
50
51
Equipment for Hardfacing
Cost-saving Lincoln equipment is designed Air Vantage® 500
Request Bulletin E6.217
to give long life with minimum maintenance.
Lincoln has full automatic systems for high
volume or long-running jobs, completely
portable semiautomatics for the shop or
field and stick welding equipment where
maximum flexibility is required. Power
sources include both electric and engine
driven units. Additional detailed information
and specifications can be obtained from
bulletins identified below each product.
Contact your Lincoln Representative or
your authorized Lincoln Distributor for
these bulletins and for further details.
Vantage® 300
Request Bulletin E6.206
The Ranger® 10,000
Request Bulletin E6.92
Ranger® 305D
Request Bulletin E6.118
DISTRIBUTED BY:
Hardfacing
C7.710 1/05
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