OECD SIDS 2-PROPANOL
FOREWORD INTRODUCTION
2-PROPANOL
CAS N掳: 67-63-0
UNEP PUBLICATIONS
OECD SIDS 2-PROPANOL
SIDS INITIAL ASSESSMENT PROFILE
CAS NO. 67-63-0
CHEMICAL NAME Isopropanol
CH3 - CH - CH3
STRUCTURAL FORMULA
铮?
OH
RECOMMENDATION OF THE SPONSOR COUNTRY
[X] currently of low priority for further work
[] currently of low priority for further work, but avoid exposure to man and the environment
[] requiring further information to assess identified concerns
[] candidate for in-depth risk assessment with a view to possible risk reduction activities
SHORT SUMMARY OF THE REASONS WHICH SUPPORT THE
RECOMMENDATION
Isopropanol is a high production volume chemical which is used as an industrial solvent, a
component of industrial and consumer products and as a disinfectant. There is considerable
potential for both occupational and consumer exposure.
There are estimates of significant fugitive emissions. Biodegradation in aquatic and terrestrial
habitats, an physical degradation in the troposphere occur rapidly, indicating that isopropanol will
not persist in the environment.
The mammalian/human toxicological properties of isopropanol have been well characterized in
multiple animal species and humans for a variety of exposure routes, exposure durations and
toxicity endpoints. High quality studies have been conducted that evaluate acute toxicity, skin and
eye irritation, skin sensitization, subchronic and chronic toxicity, reproductive toxicity,
developmental and developmental neurotoxicity, acute and subchronic neurotoxicity, genotoxicity
and cancer. In addition, studies are available that characterize the disposition of isopropanol in
mammals.
The information obtained from this database allows for the characterization of toxicity hazard of
isopropanol for both human/mammalian and environmental effects. Taken together, these
considerations support the conclusion that isopropanol is a low priority for further work.
36 UNEP Publications
OECD SIDS 2-PROPANOL
FULL SIDS SUMMARY
PROTOCOL RESULTS
CAS NO: 67-63-0 SPECIES
PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL
2.1 Melting point ASTM D97 90 掳C
2.2 Boiling point ASTM D1078 82 - 83 掳C (at 1012 hPa)
0.785 - 0.786 g/cm3
ASTM D4052
2.3 Density
not known 43 hPa at 20 掳C
2.4 Vapor pressure
not known 0.05 at 25 掳C
2.5 Partition coefficient
(Log Pow)
not known 100 vol% at 20 掳C (miscible)
2.6 Water solubility
pH at 掳C
pKa
IP 170 12掳C (closed cup)
2.7 Flash Point
ASTM D2155 425掳C
2.8 Auto Flammability
84/449/EEC, Highly flammable
2.9 Flammability
A.10
Explosive
2.10 Explosive properties
No oxidizing properties
2.11 Oxidizing properties
Calculated 0.03
2.12 Adsorption coefficient
(Log Koc)
calculated 7.52 x 10-6 atm鈥3 /mole
2.13 Henry鈥檚 Law constant
0.76 Pa鈥3 /mole
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
AND PATHWAY
3.1.1 Photodegradation not subject to photolysis
Atmospheric Various in air T1/2 = 18 to 25 hours
degradation (OH
radical attack)
3.1.2 not subject to hydrolysis
Stability in water
3.2 In air = mg/ m3
Monitoring data In surface water = ug/l
In soil/sediment = ug/g
In biota = ug/g
3.3
Transport and Calculated In air 22.3 %
Distribution (Fugacity In water 77.7%
Level In sediment 0.0 %
1 type) In soil 0.0 %
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OECD SIDS 2-PROPANOL
(Mackay) In biota 0.0 %
3.5 aerobic (local 49 % after 5 days at 20 掳 C
Biodegradation exposure)
APHA-219
ECOTOXICOLOGY
4.1 Acute/Prolonged Pimephales Veith et al, LC50 (96 hr) = 9640 mg/l
Toxicity to Fish promelas 1983
4.2 Acute Toxicity to Daphnia Bringmann & EC50 (24 hr) > 10,000 mg/l
Aquatic Invertebrates Magna Kuehn, 1977
Crangon LC50 (48 hr) = 1400 mg/L
Crangon
4.3 Toxicity to Aquatic Scenedesmus Bringmann & Toxicity Threshold = 1800 mg/l
Plants e.g. Algae Quadricuada Kuehn, 1980
4.4 Toxicity to Pseudomonas Toxicity Threshold = 1050 mg/L
Microorganisms e.g. putida
Bacteria
Entosiphon Toxicity Threshold = 4930 mg/L
Sulcatum
Microcystis Toxicity Threshold = 1000 mg/L
Aeruginosa
Chilomonas Toxicity Threshold = 104 mg/L
paramecium
(Protozoa)
4.5.2 Chronic Toxicity to NOEC ( 16 day) = 141 mg/L
Aquatic Invertebrates (Growth)
(Daphnia) NOEC (21 day) = 30 mg/L
4.6.1 Toxicity to Soil
Dwelling Organisms LC50 ( d) = mg/kg
NOEL ( d) = mg/l
4.6.2 Toxicity to Terrestrial Lactuca Reynolds, 1977
Plants Sativa EC50 ( 3 d) = 2100 mg/l (inhibition of
seed germination)
4.6.3 Toxicity to Other Non- Drosophila David &
Mammalian Bocquet, 1976 LC50 ( 48 hr) = 10200 - 13340 ppm
Terrestrial
Species (including
Birds)
calculated
Bioconcentration 1.0
factor
TOXICOLOGY
5.1.1 Acute Oral Toxicity Rat see Dossier LD50 range = 4710 - 5840 mg/kg
Mouse Guseinov, LD50 = 4475 mg/kg
1985
Rabbit LD50 = 5030 mg/kg
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OECD SIDS 2-PROPANOL
Lehman, 1944
Dog LD50 = 4830 mg/kg
Lehman, 1944
5.1.2 Acute Inhalation Rat LC50 ( 4 hr) = 72.6 mg/l
Toxicity Guseinov,
Rat 1985 LC50 ( 8 hr) = 51 mg/l
Mouse Laham, 1979 LC50 ( 2 hr) = 53 mg/l
5.1.3 Acute Dermal Toxicity Rabbit Guseinov, LD50 = 12,870 mg/kg
1985
5.2.1 Skin Irritation Rabbit Not Irritating
Smyth, 1948
5.2.2 Eye Irritation Rabbit Irritating
Nixon, 1975
5.3 Sensitization Guinea Pig Not Sensitizing
Draize Test
5.4 Repeated Dose Rat and NOEL = 500 ppm (13 weeks)
Toxicity Mouse, Inhl. P&G unpubl. LOEL = 1500 ppm
Rat, Oral EPA TSCA NOEL=1% (870 mg/kg/day)
(12weeks)
LOEL = 2% (1280 mg/kg/day)
5.5 Pilegaard &
Genetic Toxicity in Ladefogel,
Vitro 1993
Salmonella
Bacterial Test typhimurium negative (with and without
metabolic activation)
CHO
Non-Bacterial Test (HGPRT) see Dossier negative (with and without
metabolic activation)
V79 (SCE)
EPA TSCA negative (with and without
metabolic activation)
SA7/SHE
see Dossier negative (without metabolic
Neurospora activation)
Crassa
see Dossier negative (without metabolic
5.6 Mouse activation)
Genetic Toxicity in (Micronucleus) see Dossier
vivo
5.7 Rat and negative
Mouse, Inhl. EPA TSCA
Carcinogenicity
5.8 Rats, 2-gen negative
Oral EPA
Toxicity to
Reproduction NOEL Parental = <500 mg/kg/day
EPA TSCA (BMDL10 =407 mg/kg/day)
(Reproductive Effects)
NOEL F1 Offspring = <500
mg/kg/day (BMDL5 = 449
5.9 Rat mg/kg/day)
NOEL F2 Offspring = <500
UNEP Publications 39
OECD SIDS 2-PROPANOL
mg/kg/day (BMDL5 = 418
Developmental mg/kg/day)
Toxicity/Teratogenicit EPA TSCA
y Rabbit NOEL = 400 mg/kg/day (Maternal)
NOEL=400
mg/kg/day(Developmental)
5.11 NOEL = 1200 mg/kg/day
EPA TSCA (Developmental neurotoxicity)
NOEL = 240 mg/kg/day (Maternal)
Experience with NOEL=480
Human mg/kg/day(Developmental)
Exposure
Accidental Exposure Information
Voluntary Study Information
Epidemiology Information
40 UNEP Publications
OECD SIDS 2-PROPANOL
Table of Contents
Short Summary
Full SIDS Summary
1.0 Exposure Assessment
1.1 Production Volumes
1.2 Major Uses
1.3 Manufacturing Process
1.4 Distribution
1.5 Fugitive Emissions
1.6 Workplace Monitoring
2.0 Summary of Environmental Effects
2.1 Environmental Fate
2.2 Toxicity to Aquatic Organisms
2.3 Toxicity to Plants
3.0 Summary of Health Effects
3.1 Acute Toxicity and Primary Irritancy
3.2 Effects Resulting from Repeated Exposure
3.3 Effects on Reproductive Capabilities
3.4 Effects on Developmental Toxicity
3.5 Genotoxic Effects
3.6 Carcinogenicity
4.0 Conclusions
5.0 References
UNEP Publications 41
OECD SIDS 2-PROPANOL
1.0 Exposure Assessment
1.1 Production Volumes
Worldwide production of isopropanol in 1995 was reported to be 1.8 million metric tons, with the
largest producing regions being North America (771 thousand tons), Western Europe (619 thousand
tons), and Asia (280 thousand tons). (World Petrochemicals, SRI International, 1996). US
production was 1.4 billion pounds in 1994. (Chem Eng. News, June, 1995).
1.2 Major Uses
Most isopropanol goes into the solvent market either directly or via conversion to acetone or one of
acetone鈥檚 derivatives -- methyl isobutyl ketone, methyl isobutyl carbinol, diacetone alcohol, or
isophorone. Isopropanol鈥檚 major solvent uses include inks, coatings, cosmetics and
pharmaceuticals. Small percentages are used for esters and as rubbing alcohol. In Western Europe,
some production of the acetone derivatives proceeds directly from isopropanol to the ultimate
derivative, without separation of the acetone intermediate. IPA is used as a flavoring agent, foam
inhibitor and a deicing agent for windshields in automobiles. IPA is used in the production of
acetone, isopropyl acetate, isopropylamine, diisopropyl ether, isopropyl xanthate, herbicidal esters
and aluminum isopropoxide. In contrast, Japan does not use isopropanol to produce acetone. The
most important uses for isopropanol in Japan are as solvents in surface coatings and in inks. (World
Petrochemicals, SRI International, 1996)
1.3 Manufacturing Process
Since the 1940s the dominant manufacturing process is the weak acid process in which propene gas
is absorbed in, and reacted with, 60% sulfuric acid and the resulting sulfates hydrolyzed in a single
step process. IPA is stripped and refined from the condensate which contains diisopropyl ether,
acetone, and polymer oils of low molecular mass. Another major current manufacturing process is
catalytic hydration of propene with water. Hydration can be gas-phase with a phosphoric acid
catalyst, mixed phase with a cation-exchange resin catalyst or liquid phase using a tungsten catalyst.
1.4 Distribution
Tank cars and tank trucks are used for domestic clients. In plant distribution is via pipeline and tank
truck.
1.5 Fugitive Emissions
It was estimated that 1.5% of the total US production in 1976 was lost to the environment (Dorigan
et la., 1976). Emission registration data from the Netherlands from 1974-1979 indicated that 3.3%
of the production volume was lost to the air and 0.2% was lost to water (IPCS, 2-Propanol, 1990).
Approximately 0.6% of the 1985 worldwide production of IPA was estimated to be released to the
environment. (DGEP, 1987).
1.6 Workplace Monitoring
Personnel exposures in isopropanol manufacturing facilities are very low because the process,
storage and handling operations are enclosed. One Texas manufacturer reported personnel
42 UNEP Publications
OECD SIDS 2-PROPANOL
exposures to be well below 10 ppm based on 1990-95 monitoring data. Workplace monitoring data,
gathered from a Louisiana manufacturing facility between 1988-1994, showed most mean
exposures to be below 5 ppm with peak part-time exposures below 20 ppm.
Less is known about customer workplace exposures, but they are expected to be higher due to
evaporation of isopropanol in the various industrial and consumer product applications. OSHA and
ACGIH have established workplace exposure limits for isopropanol of 400 ppm TWA-8hr and 500
ppm STEL.
2.0 Summary of Environmental Fate and Effects
2.1 Environmental Fate
Based on calculated results from a lever 1 fugacity model, isopropanol (IPA) is expected to partition
primarily to the aquatic compartment (77.7%) with the remainder to the air (22.3%). IPA has been
shown to biodegrade rapidly in aerobic, aqueous biodegradation tests and therefore, would not be
expected to persist in aquatic habitats. IPA is also not expected to persist in surface soils due to
rapid evaporation to the air. In the air, physical degradation will occur rapidly due to hydroxy
radical (OH) attack. Overall, IPA presents a low potential hazard to aquatic or terrestrial biota.
IPA is expected to volatilize slowly from water based on a calculated Henry鈥檚 Law constant of 7.52
x 10 -6 atm鈥 3 /mole. The calculated half-life for the volatilization from surface water (1 meter
depth) is predicted to range from 4 days (from a river) to 31 days (from a lake). Hydrolysis is not
considered a significant degradation process for IPA. However, aerobic biodegradation of IPA has
been shown to occur rapidly under non-acclimated conditions, based on a result of 49%
biodegradation from a 5 day BOD test. Additional biodegradation data developed using
standardized test methods show that IPA is readily biodegradable in both freshwater and saltwater
media (72 to 78% biodegradation in 20 days).
IPA will evaporate quickly from soil due to it鈥檚 high vapor pressure (43 hPa at 20掳C), and is not
expected to partition to the soil based on a calculated soil adsorption coefficient (log K of 0.03.
oc)
IPA has the potential to leach through the soil due to it鈥檚 low soil adsorption.
In the air, isopropanol is subject to oxidation predominantly by hydroxy radical attack. The room
temperature rate constants determined by several investigators are in good agreement for the
reaction of IPA with hydroxy radicals. The atmospheric half-life is expected to be 10 to 25 hours,
based on measured degradation rates ranging from 5.1 to 7.1 x 10 -12 cm3 /molecule-sec, and an OH
concentration of 1.5 x 106 molecule/cm3 , which is a commonly used default value for calculating
atmospheric half-lives. Using OH concentrations representative of polluted (3 x 106 ) and pristine (3
x 105 ) air, the atmospheric half-life of IPA would range from 9 to 126 hours, respectively. Direct
photolysis is not expected to be an important transformation process for the degradation of IPA.
2.2 Toxicity to Aquatic Organisms
IPA has been shown to have a low order of acute aquatic toxicity. Results from 24- to 96-hour
LC50 studies range from 1,400 to more than 10,000 mg/L for freshwater and saltwater fish and
invertebrates. In addition, 16-hour to 8-day toxicity threshold levels (equivalent to 3% inhibition in
UNEP Publications 43
OECD SIDS 2-PROPANOL
cell growth) ranging from 104 to 4,930 mg/L have been demonstrated for various microorganisms.
Chronic aquatic toxicity has also been shown to be of low concern, based on 16- to 21-day NOEC
values of 141 to 30 mg/L, respectively, for a freshwater invertebrate. Bioconcentration of IPA in
aquatic organisms is not expected to occur based on a measured log octanol/water partition
coefficient (log Kow) of 0.05, a calculated bioconcentration factor of 1 for a freshwater fish, and the
unlikelihood of constant, long-term exposures.
2.3 Toxicity to Plants
Toxicity of IPA to plants is expected to be low, based on a 7 -day toxicity threshold value of 1,800
mg/L for a freshwater algae, and an EC50 value of 2,100 mg/L from a lettuce seed germination test.
3.0 Summary of Health Effects
3.1 Acute Toxicity and Primary Irritancy
Isopropanol has a low order of acute toxicity. It is irritating to the eyes, but not to the skin. Very
high vapor concentrations are irritating to the eyes, nose, and throat, and prolonged exposure may
produce central nervous system depression and narcosis. Human volunteers reported that exposure
to 400 ppm isopropanol vapors for 3 to 5 min. caused mild irritation of the eyes, nose and throat.
Although isopropanol produced little irritation when tested on the skin of human volunteers, there
have been reports of isolated cases of dermal irritation and/or sensitization. The use of isopropanol
as a sponge treatment for the control of fever has resulted in cases of intoxication, probably the
result of both dermal absorption and inhalation. There have been a number of cases of poisoning
reported due to the intentional ingestion of isopropanol, particularly among alcoholics or suicide
victims. These ingestions typically result in a comatose condition. Pulmonary difficulty, nausea,
vomiting, and headache accompanied by various degrees of central nervous system depression are
typical. In the absence of shock, recovery usually occurred.
3.2 Effects Resulting from Repeated Exposure
The systemic (non-cancer) toxicity of repeated exposure to isopropanol has been evaluated in rats
and mice by the inhalation and oral routes. The only adverse effects-in addition to clinical signs-
identified from these studies were to the kidney. Rats exhibited an accumulation in hyaline (protein)
droplets in kidney proximal tubule cells (males only, subchronic exposure) and an exacerbation of
chronic progressive nephropathy, a spontaneous disease of unknown etiology common in aged rats
(males and females, chronic exposure). In the mouse, minimal to mild effects to the kidney
including renal tubular proteinosis and tubular dilation were observed following chronic exposure.
The incidence of renal tubular proteinosis was generally significantly increased for all male and
female treatment groups relative to controls; however, the majority of affected animals showed
minimal degrees of tubular proteinosis (i.e., only a few tubules affected), there was no
concentration-related gradient in either the frequency of severity of this change, and there was no
corresponding evidence of alterations to the glomeruli. Mild to moderate degrees of tubular dilation
were observed in a small number of females in the 2500 and 5000 ppm groups (significantly
increased only for the 5000 ppm group). This finding, however, was not duplicated in male mice (a
44 UNEP Publications
OECD SIDS 2-PROPANOL
significant increase was only seen for the 500 ppm group) nor was it accompanied by evidence of
tubular cell degeneration or urinary outflow obstruction.
3.3 Effects on Reproductive Capabilities
A recent two-generation reproductive study characterized the reproductive hazard for isopropanol
associated with oral gavage exposure. This study found that the only reproductive parameter
apparently affected by isopropanol exposure was a statistically significant decrease in male mating
index of the F1 males. It is possible that the change in this reproductive parameter was treatment-
related and significant, although the mechanism of this effect could not be discerned from the
results of the study. However, the lack of a significant effect of the female mating index in either
generation, the absence of any adverse effect on litter size, and the lack of histopathological
findings of the testes of the high-dose males suggest that the observed reduction in male mating
index may not be biologically meaningful. Additional support for this conclusion is provided by the
fact that most of the females became pregnant. Furthermore, male and female fertility, and female
fecundity indices of rats dosed with isopropanol were not different from those of controls by
statistical analysis and were within, or relatively close to, historical control values. No reproductive
effects were noted in other studies in which rats were dosed up to 2% in the drinking water.
Exposure to 1000 mg/kg/day and to a lesser extent 500 mg/kg/day did result in a reduction in
postnatal survival in both F1 and F2 litters. Derivation of an appropriate NOAEL for offspring
effects was made difficult because of conflicting interpretations of the reductions in postnatal
survival for the 500 mg/kg/day treatment group. The U.S. EPA (1992) and Tyl (1996) concluded
the reductions were treatment- and dose-related, a conservative interpretation that supports a
NOAEL of 100 mg/kg/day. Alternatively, Bevan et al. (1995) and Harris (1995) deemed the
observations not to be biologically significant and concluded the NOAEL to be 500 mg/kg/day. In
order to clarify this issue a benchmark dose (BMD) assessment was conducted for the study鈥檚
developmental and reproductive findings (Shipp et al., 1996). For the offspring developmental
effects, BMD dosages (BMDL5) of 449 and 418 mg/kg/day were estimated for the F1 and F2
generations, respectively. Based upon the decrease in male mating index observations in the P2
males, a BMDL10 of 407 mg/kg/day was estimated for reproductive effects.
3.4 Effects on Developmental Toxicity
The developmental toxicity of isopropanol has been characterized in rat and rabbit developmental
toxicity studies and in a rat developmental neurotoxicity study. The rats were dosed by oral gavage
at 400, 800 or 1200 mg/kg from gestational days 6 through 15. The rabbits were dosed by oral
gavage at 120, 240 or 480 mg/kg from gestational days 6 through 18. These studies indicate that
isopropanol is not a selective developmental hazard. Isopropanol produced developmental toxicity
in rats, but not in rabbits. In the rat, the developmental toxicity occurred only at maternally toxic
doses and consisted of decreased fetal body weights, but no teratogenicity. These data suggest the
developmental NOAEL is 400 mg/kg/day for rats and 480 mg/kg/day for rabbits.
Isopropanol has also been tested for developmental toxicity in rats via oral gavage. The rats were
dosed at 200, 700 and 1200 mg/kg from gestational days 6 through 21. No exposure-related effects
were noted on motor activity, weights of the four regions of the brain, developmental landmarks, or
morphological changes to the tissues of the central nervous tissue. These data suggest the
developmental neurotoxicity NOAEL for rats is 1200 mg/kg.
3.5 Genotoxic Effects
UNEP Publications 45
OECD SIDS 2-PROPANOL
All genotoxicity assays reported for isopropanol have been negative. Characterization of the
genotoxicity hazard for isopropanol is provided by both in vitro and in vivo mutation/chromosomal
studies. Isopropanol was found to be negative in an in vitro CHO/HGPRT assay, was negative in
vitro for aneuploidy in Neurospora crassa, and did not increase micronuclei in an in vivo
micronuclei assay in mice. Mutagenicity studies also showed that isopropanol was not mutagenic in
various Ames assays both in the presence or absence of an S9 metabolic activation system. In vitro
sister chromatic exchange (SCE) assays on isopropanol using cultured V79 cells both with and
without S9 activation, were also negative. Isopropanol did not induce transformation in Syrian
hamster embryos infected with Simian SA7 virus. These studies demonstrate that isopropanol is not
a hazard for genotoxic effects.
3.6 Carcinogenicity
Two recent chronic exposure, rodent inhalation studies were conduct to evaluate isopropanol for
cancer potential. One study was performed exposing Fischer 344 rats to 500, 2500 and 5000 ppm of
IPA for 6 hours/day, 5 days/week for 24 months. The only tumor rate increase seen was for
interstitial (Leydig) cell tumors in the male rats. Interstitial cell tumors of the testis is typically the
most frequently observed spontaneous tumor in aged male Fischer 344 rats (Haseman et al., 1990).
Nearly all male Fischer rats will develop these proliferative tumors if they are allowed to complete
their lifespan (Boorman et al., 1990). A mouse inhalation study was performed exposing CD-1 mice
to 500, 2500 and 5000 ppm of IPA for 6 hours/day, 5 days/week for 18 months. There was no
increased frequency of neoplastic lesions in any of the treated groups. These studies demonstrate
that isopropanol does not exhibit carcinogenic potential relevant to humans. Furthermore, there was
no evidence from this study to indicate the development of carcinomas of the testes in the male rat,
nor has isopropanol been found to be genotoxic. Thus, the testicular tumors seen in the isopropanol-
exposed male rats are considered of no significance in terms of human cancer risk assessment.
4.0 Conclusions
Isopropanol (IPA) is a high production volume chemical which has wide use as an industrial solvent
and as a component in numerous industrial and consumer products. It has a potential for widespread
exposure to both workers and consumers.
Based upon physical and chemical properties, isopropanol is not expected to persist in the
environment. Aerobic biodegradation of isopropanol occurs rapidly. IPA is not expected to persist
in soil due to low soil adsorption and rapid evaporation to air. In the air, isopropanol is subject to
rapid oxidation by hydroxyl radical attack. IPA has a low order of toxicity to aquatic organisms and
plants, and bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is not expected to occur.
The mammalian/human toxicological properties of IPA have been well characterized in multiple
animal species and humans for a variety of exposure routes, exposure durations and toxicity
endpoints. High quality studies have been conducted that evaluate acute toxicity, skin and eye
irritation, skin sensitization, subchronic and chronic toxicity, reproductive toxicity, developmental
and developmental neurotoxicity, acute and subchronic neurotoxicity, genotoxicity and cancer. In
addition, studies are available that characterize the disposition of IPA in mammals.
46 UNEP Publications
OECD SIDS 2-PROPANOL
The information obtained from this database allows for the characterization of toxicity hazard of
IPA for both human/mammalian and environmental effects. Taken together, these considerations
support the conclusion that IPA is a low priority for further work.
5.0 References
Bevan C., Tyler T.R., Gardiner T.H., Kapp Jr. R.W., Andrews L. and Beyer B.K. (1995). Two-
generation reproductive toxicity study with isopropanol in rats. J. Appl. Toxicol. 15(2):117-123.
Boorman, G.A., Chapin, R.E., and Mitsumori, K. (1990) Chapter 24. Testis and Epididymis. In:
Pathology of the Fischer Rat, (Boorman, R.A., Eustis, S.L., Elwell, M.R., Montgomery, C.A., Jr.,
and Mackenzie, W.F., eds.), pp. 405-418, Academic Press, CA
Chemical and Engineering News, June 26, 1995, p.40.
DGEP - Review of literature data on 2-propanol, Leidschendam, Netherlands, Directorate General
of Environmental Protection, Ministry of Housing, Physical Planning and Environment. (1987)
Dorigan, J., Fuller, B. and Duffy, R. Scoring of organic air pollutants. Chemistry production and
toxicity of selected synthetic organic chemicals. The MITRE Corporation -- MITRE Technical
Report MTR-7248, Rev. 1, Appendix III (1976)
Harris S.B. (1995). A review of the EPA comments regarding the study entitled 鈥淢ulti generation
rat reproduction study with isopropanol鈥?. Report prepared for the Chemical Manufacturers
Association Isopropanol Panel.
Haseman, J.K., and Arnold, J. (1990) Chapter 35. Tumor Incidences in Fischer 344 Rats: NTP
Historical Data. In: Pathology of the Fischer Rat., (Boorman, G.A., Eustis, S.L., Elwell, M.R.,
Montgomery, C.A., Jr., and MacKenzie, W.F., eds.), pp. 555-564, Academic Press, CA
IPCS - International Programme on Chemical Safety - Environmental Health Criteria 103 - 2-
Propanol, World Health Organization (1990).
Shipp A.M., Allen B.C., Van Landingham C., Gentry P.R. and Crump K.S. (1996). Quantitative
dose-response analysis - Application of the benchmark method to the multi-generation rat
reproduction study for isopropanol. Report prepared for the Chemical Manufacturers Association
Isopropanol Panel.
Tyl R.W. (1996). February 12, 1996 Letter to the Chemical Manufacturers Association Isopropanol
Panel.
US EPA, Draft Final RM1 Risk Assessment of Isopropanol, OPPT,1996. TSCA Public Docket
Number AR-141.
UNEP Publications 47
OECD SIDS 2-PROPANOL
SIDS DOSSIER
ON THE HPV CHEMICAL
ISOPROPANOL
CAS. No. 67-63-0
DATE OF LAST UPDATE: March 1997
48 UNEP Publications
OECD SIDS 2-PROPANOL
CONTENTS
1. GENERAL INFORMATION
1.01 SUBSTANCE IDENTIFICATION
1.02 OECD INFORMATION
1.1 GENERAL SUBSTANCE INFORMATION
1.2 SYNONYMS
1.3 IMPURITIES
1.4 ADDITIVES
1.5 QUANTITY
1.7 USE PATTERNS
1.8 OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMIT VALUES
1.9 SOURCES OF EXPOSURE
2. PHYSICO-CHEMICAL DATA
2.1 MELTING POINT
2.2 BOILING POINT
2.3 DENSITY
2.4 VAPOR PRESSURE
2.5 PARTITION COEFFICIENT
2.6 WATER SOLUBILITY
2.7 FLASH POINT
2.8 AUTO FLAMMABILITY
2.9 FLAMMABILITY
2.10 EXPLOSIVE PROPERTIES
2.11 OXIDIZING PROPERTIES
3. ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND PATHWAYS
3.1.1 PHOTODEGRADATION
3.1.2 STABILITY IN WATER
3.3.1 TRANSPORT BETWEEN ENVIRON. COMPART.
3.3.2 DISTRIBUTION
3.4 MODE OF DEGRADATION IN ACTUAL USE
3.5 BIODEGRADATION
4. ECOTOXICITY
4.1 ACUTE/PROLONGED TOXICITY TO FISH
4.2 ACUTE TOX. TO AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES
4.3 TOXICITY TO AQUATIC PLANTS E.G. ALGAE
4.4 TOX. TO MICROORGANISMS E.G. BACTERIA
4.5.2 CHRONIC TOXICITY TO AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES
4.6.2 TOXICITY TO TERRESTRIAL PLANTS
4.6.3 TOX. TO OTHER NON-MAMM. TERR. SPECIES
5. TOXICITY
UNEP Publications 49
OECD SIDS 2-PROPANOL
5.1.1 ACUTE ORAL TOXICITY
5.1.2 ACUTE INHALATION TOXICITY
5.1.3 ACUTE DERMAL TOXICITY
5.1.4 ACUTE TOXICITY, OTHER ROUTES
5.2.1 SKIN IRRITATION
5.2.2 EYE IRRITATION
5.3 SENSITIZATION
5.4 REPEATED DOSE TOXICITY
5.5 GENETIC TOXICITY IN VITRO
5.6 GENETIC TOXICITY IN VIVO
5.7 CARCINOGENICITY
5.8 TOXICITY TO REPRODUCTION
5.9 DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY/TERATOGENICITY
5.10 OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION
5.11 EXPERIENCE WITH HUMAN EXPOSURE
6. REFERENCES
50 UNEP Publications
OECD SIDS 2-PROPANOL
1. GENERAL INFORMATION
1.01 Substance Identification
CAS-No.: 67-63-0
EINECS-No.: 200-661-7
IUPAC-Name: Propan -2- ol
Molecular Formula: C3H8O
Molecular Weight: 60
Smiles Code: CC(OH)C
1.02 OECD Information
Sponsor Country: United States
Lead Organization: Environmental Protection Agency
Contact Person: Mr. Charles Auer
Name of Responder: Chemical Manufacturers Association
Name: Ms. Marion K. Stanley
Address: 1300 Wilson Boulevard
Arlington, VA 22209
1.1 General Substance Information
Substance Type Physical Status Purity
organic liquid >99.7 % w/w
1.2 Synonyms
IPA
Isopropyl Alcohol
Isopropanol
2-propanol
1.3 Impurities
CAS-No. EINECS-No. IUPAC-Name Value
water < 0.15 % w/w
1.4 Additives
CAS-No. EINECS-No. IUPAC-Name Value
none
1.5 Quantity
Production: 1.8 million metric tons: North America: 771 metric tons, Western
Europe: 619 metric tons, Asia: 280 metric tons
Reference: World Petrochemicals, 1996
1.7 Use Pattern
UNEP Publications 51
OECD SIDS 2-PROPANOL
Category Type of Use
Industrial
Sectors/General Use adhesive
automotive
construction
cosmetics
electrical products
leather industry
metalurgical
mining
ceramics/glass
industrial organic chemicals
paints
photography
pigments and dyes
plating and surface finishing
printing and publishing
petroleum refining
soap production
textiles
water and waste treatment
Medical disinfectant
1.8 Occupational Exposure Limit Values
Type of Limit TLV (US)
983 mg/m3
Value
Short Term Exposure Limit
1230 mg/m3
Value
Time Schedule
Frequency 15 minute
Reference 1995-1996 Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) for Chemical Substances
and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs).
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists
(ACGIH), Cinncinati, OH (1995).
1.9 Sources of Exposure
Remark Primary production process is the weak acid process in which propene
gas is absorbed in, and reacted with, 60% sulfuric acid and the
resulting sulfates hydrolyzed in a single step process. IPA is stripped
and refined from the condensate which contains diisopropyl ether,
acetone and polymer oils of low molecular mass.
Reference US NIOSH Criteria for a recommended standard: occupational
exposure to isopropyl alcohol, Cincinnati, OH. US NIOSH, US Dept
of Health Education and Welfare, Public Health Service, Center for
Disease Control (DHEW Publication No. NIOSH 76-142.
52 UNEP Publications
OECD SIDS 2-PROPANOL
Remark Emission registration data from the Netherlands from 1974-1979
indicated that 3.3% of the production volume was lost to the air and
0.2% was lost to water
Reference IPCS, 2-Propanol WHO (1990)
Remark Approximately 0.6% of the 1985 worldwide production of IPA was
estimated to be released to the environment.
Reference DGEP (1987).
2 PHYSICO-CHEMICAL DATA
2.1 Melting Point
Value = -90 degree C
Decomposition
Sublimation
Method other
Year
GLP no
Test condition Method is ASTM D 97
Reference Shell Chemicals data sheet IS 3.2.4 dated June 1992
2.2 Boiling Point
Value ca. 82 - 83 degree C
Pressure 1012 hPa
Decomposition no
Method other
Year
GLP no
Test condition ASTM D1078, standard method for distillation range
Reference Shell Chemicals data sheet IS 3.2.4 dated June 1992
2.3 Density
Type density
Value ca. 0.785 - 0.786 g/cm3
Temperature 20 degree C
Method other
Year
GLP no
Test condition ASTM D4052, Standard method for density
Reference Shell Chemicals data sheet IS 3.2.4 dated June 1992
2.4 Vapor Pressure
Value = 43 hPa
Temperature 20 degree C
UNEP Publications 53
OECD SIDS 2-PROPANOL
Method other
Year
GLP
Reference Shell Chemicals data sheet IS 3.2.4 dated June 1992
2.5 Partition Coefficient
log Pow = 0.05
Temperature 25 degree C
Method other (measured)
Year 1973
GLP no data
Reference Dillingham, E.O. et al., J.Pharm.Sci., 62, 1973, 22. In Pomona Data
File on Log P and related parameters.
2.6 Water Solubility
Value = 100 vol% at 20 degree C
pH Concentration at degree C
pKa at 25 degree C
Descr. miscible
Method other
Year
GLP
Reference Shell Chemicals Data sheet IS 3.2.4 dated June 1992
2.7 Flash Point
Value = 12 degrees C
Type closed cup
Method other
Year
GLP no
Test condition IP 170, Standard method for flash point
Reference Shell Chemicals data sheet IS 3.2.4 dated June 1992
2.8 Auto Flammability
Value = 425 degree C
Pressure
Method other
Year
GLP no
Test condition ASTM D2155, Standard method for autoignition
Reference Shell Chemicals data sheet IS 3.2.4 dated June 1992
2.9 Flammability
Result highly flammable
Method Directive 84/449/EEC, A.10
54 UNEP Publications
OECD SIDS 2-PROPANOL
Year
GLP no
Reference Shell Chemicals data sheet IS 3.2.4 dated June 1992
2.10 Explosive Properties
Result explosive
Method
Year
GLP
Remark Vapor can form an explosive mixture with air at room temperature
Reference Shell Chemicals data sheet IS 3.2.4 dated June 1992
2.11 Oxidizing Properties
Result no oxidizing properties
Method
Year
GLP
Reference Shell Chemicals Data sheet IS 3.2.4 dated June 1992
3 ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND PATHWAYS
3.1.1 Photodegradation
Type air
Light Source Sun light
Light Spect. ca. 290 - 900 nm
Rel. Intens. = 100 based on Intensity of Sunlight
Spectrum of Substance
lambda (max) [>295nm] nm epsilon (max)
epsilon (295)
Conc. of Substance Temperature __________degree C____________
============== D I R E C T P H O T O L Y S I S ==============
Halflife t1/2
Degradation % after
Quantum yield
============== I N D I R E C T P H O T O L Y S I S ============
Type air
Indirect photolysis
Sensitizer NO3
<= .0000000000000023 cm3 /(molecule*sec)
Rate Constant
Method other (measured): Flash-Photolysis-Visible Absorption
Year 1987
UNEP Publications 55
OECD SIDS 2-PROPANOL
GLP no data
Testsubstance other TS: >= 99% pure
Remark Estimated troposphere half-life of 2-propanol for a 鈥渃lean鈥?
troposphere with 10 ppt (approximately 2.4* 10E8 radicals/cm3 of
NO3 radicals during night-time hours, t1/2 >= 14.5 d.
Test condition 25 degrees C, total pressure of 133.3 hPa of NO2 diluent
Reference Wallington, T.J. et al. (1987): Int J Chem Kinet 19, 243-249.
Type air
Indirect photolysis
Sensitizer OH
Rate constant = .0000000000051 cm3/(molecule*sec)
Method OECD Guide-line draft 鈥淧hotochemical Oxidative Degradation in the
Year 1987
GLP no data
Testsubstance no data
Remark Estimated troposheric half-life of 2-propanol with an average
tropospheric OH radical concentration of 5*10E5 radicals/cm3 , t1/2 =
3.1 d.
Test condition smog-chamber: 27 degrees C, 0.105 - 0.110 Mpa, UV-A lamps (1.5 m
long, 65 W Hg low pressure lamps, TL 65-80 W/05), maximum
volume-averaged UV intensity (k1 of NO2 photolysis amounted to
about k1 = 0.9 min-1) corresponding to twice the solar UV intensity
at sea level and midlatitudes, OH source: HONO photolysis.
Reference Kloepffer, W. et al. (1988): Ecotoxicol Environ Safety 15, 298-319.
Type air
Indirect photolysis
Sensitizer OH
Rate constant = .00000000000521 cm3/(molecule*sec)
Method other (measured): Photodegradation by Indirect Photolysis
Year 1990
GLP no data
Testsubstance no data
Remark Estimated tropospheric half-life of 2-propanol, with an OH radical
concentration of 5*10E5 radicals/cm3, t1/2 = 3.1 d.
Test condition 25 degrees C
Reference Atkinson, R. (1990): J Phys Chem Ref Data (1992), 21(6):1125-1568
Type air
Indirect photolysis
Sensitizer OH
Conc. of Sensitizer 500000 molecules/cm3
Rate constant = .00000000000521 cm3/(molecule*sec)
Degradation = 50% after 6.2 days
Method other (measured): AOP Computer Program, Vers. 1.53, Syracuse
Research Center (based upon reference).
Year 1994
GLP no data
Testsubstance no data
56 UNEP Publications
OECD SIDS 2-PROPANOL
Remark Half-life refers to 12 hour-days
Reference Atkinson, R.: A structure-activity relationship for the estimation of
rate constants for the gas-phase reactions of OH radicals with organic
compounds. Int J Chem Kinet 19, 799-828 (1987)
Type air
Indirect photolysis
Sensitizer OH
Rate constant = .00000000000532 cm3/(molecule*sec)
Method other (calculated): Prediction of the OH reaction rate constant by
correlation of the negative logarithm of OH reaction rate constants
with the first vertical ionisation energy of organic compounds in the
gas phase.
Year 1984
GLP no data
Testsubstance no data
Remark The correlation of the negative logarithm of OH reaction rate
constants with the first vertical ionisation energy of organic
compounds in the gas phase enables the prediction of kOH with a
probability of about 90%; estimated tropospheric half-life of 2
propanol, assessing a global diurnal mean of OH radical concentration
of 5*10E5 radicals/cm3, t1/2 = 3.0 d.
Test condition 27 degrees C
Reference Guesten, H. et al. (1984): J Atmos Chem 2, 83-93.
Type air
Indirect photolysis
Sensitizer OH
Rate constant = .00000000000548 cm3/(molecule*sec)
Method other (measured): Flash-Photolysis Resonance-Asorption Technique
Year 1978
GLP no data
Testsubstance no data
Remark Estimated tropospheric half-life of 2 propanol, with an OH radical
concentration of 5*10E5 radicals/cm3, t1/2 = 2.9 d.
Test condition 23 degrees C, 200 hPa
Reference Overend, R., Paraskevopoulos, G. (1978): J Phys Chem 82, 1329-
1333.
Type air
Indirect photolysis
Sensitizer OH
Rate constant = .0000000000062 cm3/(molecule*sec)
Method other (measured): Photodegradation by Indirect Photolysis
Year 1985
GLP no data
Test substance no data
Remark Estimated tropospheric half-life of 2-propanol, with an OH radical
concentration of 5*10E5 radicals /cm3, t1/2 = 2.6 d.
Test condition room temperature
UNEP Publications 57
OECD SIDS 2-PROPANOL
Reference Atkinson, R. (1985): Chem Rev 85, pp. 69-75, 135-153, 182-201.
Type air
Indirect photolysis
Sensitizer OH
Rate constant = .0000000000071 cm3/(molecule*sec)
Method other (measured): Environmental Chamber Photooxidation Study
Year 1976
GLP no data
Testsubstance no data
Remark Estimated atmospheric half-life of 2 propanol, with an average
ambient OH radical concentration of 5/10E6 radicals/cm3, t1/2 - 5.4
h.
Test condition Smog-chamber: ca. 32 degrees C, 1013 hPa, OH source: HONO
photolysis and the reaction of NO2 with NO.
Reference Lloyd, A.C. et al. (1976): Chem Phys Lett. 42, 205-209.
3.1.2 Stability in Water
Type abiotic
Remark Propan-2-ol is not susceptible to hydrolysis.
Reference P.H. Howard, Handbook of Environmental Fate and Exposure Data
for OrganicChemicals, Lewis Publishers Inc., Chelsea Michigan USA,
1990, p.304 -309.
Type biotic
t1/2 pH4 at degree C
t1/2 pH7 = 5 days at 20 degree C
t1/2 pH9 at degree C
t1/2 pH at degree C
Degradation pH 7 at 20 degree C:
= 50 % after 5 days
Method other
Year 1979
GLP no data
Test substance as prescribed by 1.1 - 1.4
Test condition APHA-219 (1971) at 20 degree C.
Reference Bridie, A.L., Wolff, C.J.M. & Winter, M., Water Research, 13, 1979,
627 - 630.
3.3.1 Transport between Environ. Compart.
Type volatility
Media water - air
Method other
Year 1982
Result The evaporation half-life of propan-2-ol in a model river with a depth
of 1 m and a current of 1 m at a wind velocity of 3 m/s is calculated
/s
to be 85.2 hours.
Reference Lyman, W.J. et al., Chemical Property Estimation Methods.
58 UNEP Publications
OECD SIDS 2-PROPANOL
Environmental behavior of organic compounds. McGraw-Hill Book
Company, New York (USA), 1982,Chpt 15.
Type volatility
Media soil - air
Method other
Year 1990
Result Propan-2-ol is relatively volatile and would therefore readily
evaporate from dry soil and surfaces.
Reference Howard, P.H., Handbook of Environmental Fate and Exposure Data
for Organic Chemicals, Vol. 2. Lewis Publishers, Inc. Chelsea,
Michigan (USA), 1990, p. 304 309.
Method OECD Guide-line draft
Year 1990
GLP no data
Test substance as prescribed by 1.1 - 1.4
Type volatility
Medium other: domestic waste - air
Method other: Evaporation Study
Year 1978
GLP no data
Remark The rate of evaporation of diluted (1:1 v/v mixture with water) and
undiluted 2-propanol from pulverized domestic waste (0.5 m deep, 1
m2) over the first 10 min was 1.90 and 3.22 kg.m2 per h, and from
200-440 min 0.65 and 0.15 kg/m2 per h respectively
Test condition 2-Propanol (1:1 v/v mixture with water):
initial weight of 2-propanol 7.2 kg, initial weight of water 10 kg,
weight of waste 174 kg, waste surface temperature 24-37 degrees C,
ambient air temperature ca. 22 degrees C, mean wind speed ca. 4.5
m/sec
2-Propanol (undiluted):
initial weight of 2-propanol 19.5 kg, weight of waste 177 kg. waste
surface temperature ca. 18 degrees C, ambient air temperature ca. 12
degrees C, mean wind speed ca. 0.5 m/sec
Test substance technical grade
Reference Jones, C.J. McGugan, P.J. (1977/78): J Hazard Mater. 2, 235-251.
Type volatility
Medium water-air
Method other: Evaporation Study
Year 1978
GLP no data
Remark The rate of evaporation of diluted (1:1 v/v mixture with water) and
undiluted 2-propanol from a shallow pool (1 m2) was 1.5 and 1.1
kg/m2 per h, respectively.
Test condition 2-Propanol (1:1 v/v mixture with water):
initial weight of 2-propanol 7.2 kg, initial weight of water 10 kg, pool
temperature ca. 20 degrees C, ambient air temperature ca. 22 degrees
C, mean wind speed ca. 4.5 m/sec.
UNEP Publications 59
OECD SIDS 2-PROPANOL
2-Propanol (undiluted):
initial weight of 2-propanol 18.25 kg, pool temperature ca. 13 degrees
C, ambient air temperature ca. 12 degrees C, mean wind speed ca. 0.5
m/sec.
Test substance technical grade
Reference Jones, C.J. McGugan, P.J. (1977/78): J Hazard Mater. 2, 235-
2513.3.2
3.2.2 Distribution
Media air - biota - sediment(s) - soil - water
Method Calculation according Mackay, Level I
Year 1981
Result Air 22.3 %m;
Water 77.7 %m;
Soil 0.0 %m;
Sediment 0.0 %m;
Biota 0.0 %m.
Reference Mackay, D. & Paterson, S., Calculating Fugacity, Environm. Sci.
Technol., 15(9), 1981, 1006 -1014.
3.4 Mode of Degradation in Actual Use
1 10/05/94 RS:1 RE:1
Result In air propan-2-ol will be rapidly transformed through reaction with
OH-radicals.
Reference P.H. Howard, Handbook of Environmental Fate and Exposure Data
for Organic Chemicals, Lewis Publishers Inc., Chelsea Michigan
USA, 1990, p 304 - 309
2 10/05/94 RS:1 RE:1
Result In water propan-2-ol will be lost by biodegradation.
Reference P.H. Howard, Handbook of Envirnmental Fate and Exposure Data for
Organic Chemicals. Lewis Publishers Inc., Chelsea Michigan USA,
1990, p. 304 - 309.
3.5 Biodegradation
Type aerobic
Inoculum predominantly domestic sewage, non-adapted
Concentration 1.5 mg/l related to Test substance
Degradation = 49 % after 5 day
Results readily biodegradable
Kinetic
Method other
Year 1979
GLP no data
Testsubstance as prescribed by 1.1 - 1.4
Test condition APHA-219 (1971) at 20 degree C.
60 UNEP Publications
OECD SIDS 2-PROPANOL
Reference A) Bridie, A.L., Wolff, C.J.M., & Winter, M. BOD and COD of some
Petrochemicals, Water Research, 13, 1979, p. 627 -630.
B) Idem, Shell Group Research Report, AMGR.0224.74
Type aerobic
Inoculum domestic sewage, non-adapted
Concentration 3, 7 and 10 mg/l related to Test substance
Degradation = 77 % after 10 day
Results readily biodegradable
Kinetic 5 day = 28
10 day = 77
15 day = 80
20 day = 78
Method other
Year 1974
GLP no data
Testsubstance as prescribed by 1.1 - 1.4
Test condition As described in reference.
Reference Price, K.S. Waggy, G.T. & Conway, R.A., Brine Shrimp Bioassay
and Seawater BOD of Petrochemicals, J. Water Pollut. Contr. Fed.,
46,1974, 63 - 77.
Type aerobic
Inoculum domestic sewage, non-adapted
Concentration 3, 7 and 10 mg/l related to Test substance
Degradation = 42 % after 10 day
Results
Kinetic 5 day = 13
10 day = 42
15 day = 60
20 day = 72
Method other
Year 1974
GLP no data
Testsubstance as prescribed by 1.1 - 1.4
Test condition As described in reference. The test medium is artificial seawater.
Reference Price, K.S., Waggy, G.T. & Conway, R.A., Brine Shrimp Bioassay
and Seawater BOD of Petrochemicals, J. Water Pollut. Contr. Fed.,
46, 1974, 63 - 77.
4. ECOTOXICITY
4.1 Acute/Prolonged Toxicity to Fish
Type flow through
Species Pimephales promelas
Unit mg/l
Exposure Period 96 hour
NOEC
LC0
UNEP Publications 61
OECD SIDS 2-PROPANOL
LC50 = 9640
LC100
Analyt. Monitoring yes
Method other
Year 1983
GLP no data
Testsubstance as prescribed by 1.1 - 1.4
Test condition As described in reference.
Reference Veith, G.D., Call, D.J. & Brooke, L.T., Estimating the Acute Toxicity
of Narcotic Industrial Chemicals to Fathead Minnows. In: Bishop,
W.E., Cardwell, R.D. & Heidolph, B.B. Eds. Aquatic Toxicology and
Hazard Assessment: 6th Symp., ASTM STP 802, Philadelphia
(USA), 1983, 90 - 97.
4.2 Acute Tox. to Aquatic Invertebrates
Species Daphnia magna
Unit mg/l
Exposure Period 24 hour
NOEC
EC0
EC50 > 10000
EC100
Analyt. Monitoring no
Method other
Year 1977
GLP no data
Testsubstance as prescribed by 1.1 - 1.4
Test condition As described in reference.
Reference Bringmann, G. & Kuehn, R., Results of the Damaging Effect of
Water Pollutants on Daphnia magna, Z. Wasser Abwasser Forsch.,
10(5), 1977, 161 - 166.
Species Crangon crangon
Unit mg/l
Exposure Period 48 hour
NOEC
EC0
EC50
EC100
LC50 = 1400
Analyt. Monitoring no
Method other
Year 1974
GLP no data
Testsubstance as prescribed by 1.1 - 1.4
Remark The species is a marine invertebrate.
Test condition As described in reference.
Renewal.
62 UNEP Publications
OECD SIDS 2-PROPANOL
Reference Blackman, R.A.A., Toxicity of Oil-Sinking Agents, Mar. Pollut.
Bull., 5, 1974, 116 - 118.
4.3 Toxicity to Aquatic Plants e.g. Algae
Species Scenedesmus quadricauda
Endpoint growth rate
Unit mg/l
Exposure Period 7 day
NOEC
LOEC
EC0
EC10
EC50
Analyt. Monitoring no
Method other
Year 1980
GLP no data
Testsubstance as prescribed by 1.1 - 1.4
Test condition As described in reference.
Remark Toxicity threshold concentration = 1800 mg/l.
Reference Bringmann, G. & Kuehn, R., Comparison of the Toxicity Thresholds
of Water Pollutants to Bacteria, Algae and Protozoa in the Cell
Multiplication Inhibition Test, Water Research, 14, 1980, 231 - 241.
4.4 Tox. to Microorganisms e.g. Bacteria
Type aquatic
Species Pseudomonas putida
Unit mg/l
Exposure Period 16 hour
EC0
EC10
EC50
LOEC
Analyt. Monitoring no
Method other
Year 1980
GLP no data
Testsubstance as prescribed by 1.1 - 1.4
Test condition As described in reference.
Remark Toxicity threshold concentration = 1050 mg/l.
Reference Bringmann, G. & Kuehn, R. Water Research, 14, 1980, 231 - 241.
Type aquatic
Species Entosiphon sulcatum
Unit mg/l
Exposure Period 72 hour
EC0
EC10
EC50
UNEP Publications 63
OECD SIDS 2-PROPANOL
LOEC
Analyt. Monitoring no
Method other
Year 1980
GLP no data
Testsubstance as prescribed by 1.1 - 1.4
Test condition As described in reference.
Remark Toxicity threshold concentration = 4930 mg/l.
Reference Bringmann, G. & Kuehn, R., Water Research, 14, 1980, 231 - 241.
Type aquatic
Species Microcystis aeruginosa
Unit mg/l
Exposure Period 8 day
EC0
EC10
EC50
LOEC
Analyt. Monitoring
Method other
Year 1978
GLP no data
Testsubstance as prescribed by 1.1 - 1.4
Test condition As described in reference.
Remark Toxicity threshold concentration = 1000 mg/l.
Reference Bringmann, G. & Kuehn, R., Grenzwerte der Schadwirkung
wassergefaehdender Stoffe gegen Blaualgen (Microcystis aeruginosa)
und Gruenalgen (Scenedesmus quadricauda) im
Zellvermehrungshemmtest, Vom Wasser, 50, 1978, 45 - 60.
Type aquatic
Species Chilomonas paramecium (Protozoa)
Exposure period 48 h
Unit mg/l
Analytical monitoring no
TT: = 104
Method other: Cell Multiplication Inhibition Test
Year 1980
GLP no data
Testsubstance no data
Remark TT = toxicity threshold
Test condition pH 6.9; 20 degrees C
Reference Bringmann, G. et al. (1980): Z. Wasser Abwasser Forsch. 13, 170-
173.
4.5.2 Chronic Toxicity to Aquatic Invertebrates (Daphnia)
Species Daphnia magna (Crustacea)
Exposure period 16 day
Unit mg/l
Analyt. monitioring yes
64 UNEP Publications
OECD SIDS 2-PROPANOL
NOEC = 141
Method other: Prolonged Toxicity Test
Year 1985
GLP no data
Testsubstance no data
Remark NOEC on growth: highest concentration which did not result in a
significant reduction in growth at p < 0.001.
Reference Hermens, J. et al (1985): Aquatic Toxicol. 6, 209-217.
Species Daphnia magna (Crustacea)
Exposure period 21 day
Unit mg/l
Analyt. Monitoring no
NOEC = 30
EC50 > 100
EC29 = 100
Method other: UBA-Verfahrensvorschlag: Verlaengerter Toxizitaetstest bei
Daphnia magna
Year 1984
GLP no
Testsubstance as prescribed by 1.1 - 1.4
Reference Huel-Bericht DL 106, 1988 (unveroeffentlicht)
4.6.2 Toxicity to Terrestrial Plants
Species Lactuca sativa
Endpoint other
Unit mg/l
Exposure Period 3 day
NOEC
EC50 = 2100
LC50
Method other
Year 1977
GLP no data
Testsubstance as prescribed by 1.1 - 1.4
Remark The effect parameter reported is inhibition of seed germination.
Test condition As described in reference.
Reference Reynolds, T. An Anomalous Effect of Isopropanol on lettuce
germination. Plant Sci. Lett., 15, 1977, 25 - 28.
4.6.3 Tox. to Other Non-mamm. Terr. Species
Species other
Endpoint mortality
Unit ppm
Exposure Period 48 hour
NOEC
LC0
LC50 10200 - 13340
LC100
UNEP Publications 65
OECD SIDS 2-PROPANOL
Method other
Year 1976
GLP no
Testsubstance as prescribed by 1.1 - 1.4
Remark The insects are exposed to the propan-2-ol in nutrient medium.
Remark The test species reported are Drosophila simulans and Drosophila
melanogaster
Test condition As described in reference.
Reference David, J. & Bocquet, C. Compared Toxicities of Different Alcohols
for Two Drosophila Sibling Species. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 54C,
1976, 71 - 74.
5. TOXICITY
5.1.1 Acute Oral Toxicity
Type LD50
Species rat
Value = 5280 mg/kg
Method other
Year 1944
GLP no
Testsubstance as prescribed by 1.1 - 1.4
Reference Lehman, A. J., Chase, H.F., (1944) J. Lab. Clin. Med. 29: 561 - 567.
Type LD50
Species rat
Value = 5840 mg/kg
Method other
Year 1948
GLP no
Testsubstance as prescribed by 1.1 - 1.4
Reference Smyth, H.F., Carpenter, C.P., (1948), J. Ind. Hyg. Toxicol.,30: 63-70.
Type LD50
Species rat
Value = 4710 mg/kg
Method other
Year 1971
GLP no
Testsubstance as prescribed by 1.1 - 1.4
Remark Three LD50 values presented: 5.6, 6.0 and 6.8 ml/kg for neonates,
young adult and old rats respectively. Quoted value is a mean of the
three as presented in IPCS EHC document on 2-propanol (1990).
Reference Kimura, E.T., Ebert, D.M., Dodge, P.W., (1971), Toxicol. Appl.
Pharmacol., 19: 699 -703.
Type LD50
Species rat
66 UNEP Publications
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Value = 5500 mg/kg
Method other
Year 1985
GLP no
Testsubstance as prescribed by 1.1 - 1.4
Reference Guseinov, V.G., (1985), Gig. Tr. Prof. Zabol. (7): 60-62.
Type LD50
Species mouse
Value = 4475 mg/kg
Method other
Year 1985
GLP no
Testsubstance as prescribed by 1.1 - 1.4
Reference Guseinov, V.G., (1985), Gig. Tr. Prof. Zabol., (7): 60-62.
Type LD50
Species rabbit
Value = 5030 mg/kg
Method other
Year 1944
GLP no
Testsubstance as prescribed by 1.1 - 1.4
Reference Lehman, A.J., Chase, H.F. (1944), J. Lab. Clin. Med., 29: 561 - 567.
Type LD50
Species rabbit
Value = 7990 mg/kg
Method other
Year 1972
GLP no
Testsubstance as prescribed by 1.1 - 1.4
Reference Munch, J.C., (1972), Ind. Med. 41: 31 - 33.
Type LD50
Species dog
Value = 4830 mg/kg
Method other
Year 1944
GLP no
Testsubstance as prescribed by 1.1 - 1.4
Reference Lehman, A.J., Chase, H.F., (1944), J. Lab. Clin. Med., 29: 561 - 567.
5.1.2 Acute Inhalation Toxicity
Type LC50
Species rat
Exposure Time 4 hour
Value = 72.6 mg/l
Method other
Year 1985
UNEP Publications 67
OECD SIDS 2-PROPANOL
GLP no
Testsubstance as prescribed by 1.1 - 1.4
Reference Guseinov, V.G., (1985), Gig. Tr. Prof. Zabol. (7): 60 - 62.
Type LC50
Species rat
Exposure Time 8 hour
Value = 51.045 mg/l
Method other
Year 1979
GLP no
Testsubstance as prescribed by 1.1 - 1.4
Reference Laham, S., Potvin, M., Schrader, K., Marino, I. (1979), Drug. Chem.
Toxicol. 3: 343 -360.
Type LC50
Species mouse
Exposure Time 2 hour
Value = 53 mg/l
Method other
Year 1985
GLP no
Testsubstance as prescribed by 1.1 - 1.4
Reference Guseinov, V.G., (1985), Gig. Tr. Prof. Zabol, (7), 60-62.
5.1.3 Acute Dermal Toxicity
Type LD50
Species rabbit
Value = 12870 mg/kg
Method other
Year 1948
GLP no
Testsubstance as prescribed by 1.1 - 1.4
Reference Smyth, H.F., Carpenter, C.P., (1948), J. Ind. Hyg. Toxicol.,30: 63 -70.
5.1.4 Acute Toxicity, Other Routes
Type LC50
Species rat
Route of
Administration i.v.
Exposure Time
Value = 1088 mg/kg
Method other
Year 1985
GLP no
Testsubstance as prescribed by 1.1 - 1.4
Reference Tichy, M., Trcka, V., Roth, Z., Krivucova, M., (1985), Environ.
Health. Perspect., 61: 321 328.
68 UNEP Publications
OECD SIDS 2-PROPANOL
Type LC50
Species rat
Route of
Administration i.p.
Exposure Time
Value = 2830 mg/kg
Method other
Year 1985
GLP no data
Testsubstance as prescribed by1.1 - 1.4
Reference Tichy, M., Trcka, V., Roth, Z., Krivocova, M., (1985), Environ.
Health. Perspect., 61: 321 328.
5.2.1 Skin Irritation
Species rabbit
Result not irritating
Classification not irritating
Method other
Year 1975
GLP no
Testsubstance as prescribed by1.1 - 1.4
Reference Nixon, G.A., Tyson, C.A., Wertz, W.C., (1975), Toxicol. Appl.
Pharmacol. 31: 481 -490.
5.2.2 Eye Irritation
Species rabbit
Result irritating
Classification irritating
Method Draize-Test
Year 1973
GLP no
Testsubstance as prescribed by1.1 - 1.4
Reference Marzulli, F.N., Ruggles, D.I., (1973), J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 56:
905 - 914.
Species rabbit
Result moderately irritating
Classification irritating
Method Draize-Test
Year 1980
GLP no
Testsubstance as prescribed by1.1 - 1.4
Reference Griffith, J.F., Nixon, G.A., Bruce, R.D., Reer, P.J., Bannan, E.A.,
(1980), Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 55: 501 - 513.
Species rabbit
Result irritating
UNEP Publications 69
OECD SIDS 2-PROPANOL
Classification R36
Method Draize-Test
Year 1986
GLP Yes
Testsubstance as prescribed by 1.1-1.4
Reference Exxon Biomedical Sciences Inc. (1986) Ocular Irritation Study in
Rabbits (Isopropanol). EBSI Document No. 86MRL272.
Species rabbit
Result moderate irritating
Classification irritating
Method Draize-Test
Year 1987
GLP no data
Testsubstance as prescribed by1.1 - 1.4
Remark Study gives maximum Draize score of 37 (out of 110) and provided
conflicting data from 2 tests, one moderate and the other severely
irritating.
Reference Morgan, R.L., Sorenson, S.S., Castles, T.R., (1987), Food. Chem.
Toxicol., 25: 609 -613.
5.3 Sensitization
Type Buehler-Test
Species guinea pig
Result not sensitizing
Classification not sensitizing
Method other
Year 1980
GLP no
Testsubstance as prescribed by1.1 - 1.4
Remark Result given as "No sensitisation (0/20)". No other data on
sensitisation have been found.
Reference P & G, Unpublished data.
5.4 Repeated Dose Toxicity
Species rat
Strain Fischer 344
Sex male/female
Route of Administration inhalation
Exposure Period 13 weeks
Frequency of Treatment 6 hours/day, 5 days/week
Post Exposure
Observ. Period none
Doses 0, 100, 500, 1500 and 5000 ppm
Control Group yes
NOEL 500
LOEL 1500
Method other (US EPA TCSA Test Guidelines)
70 UNEP Publications
OECD SIDS 2-PROPANOL
Year 1994
GLP yes
Testsubstance as prescribed by 1.1 - 1.4
Remark No exposure-related mortalities occurred. Narcotic effects were noted
during exposures to 1500 and 5000 ppm. Ataxia was observed
following exposure to 5000 ppm.
Decreases in body weight were also observed at the end of the first
week of exposure to 5000 ppm. The only microscopic change
observed was hyaline droplets within the kidneys of all male rats
(including controls). The size and frequency of these droplets were
increased in the exposed groups. Thus, repeated exposures produced
toxic effects only at the highest concentration (5000 ppm) and a
kidney change in male rats of unknown biological significance.
Reference Burleigh-Flayer, H.D., et al. (1994). Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 23, 421-
428.
Species rat
Strain Wistar
Sex male
Route of Administration inhalation
Exposure Period 13 or 20 weeks
Frequency of Treatment 4 hours/day, 5 days/week.
Post Exposure
Observ. Period none
Doses 400, 1000,4000, 8000 ppm for 12 weeks; 1000 and 8000ppm for 20
weeks
Control Group yes
NOEL = 400 ppm
LOEL = 1000 ppm
Method other
Year 1991
GLP no data
Testsubstance as prescribed by 1.1 - 1.4
Remark No significant differences appeared between the groups exposed to
400 ppm and the control group in body weight and in hematological
and serum chemistry tests. There was inhibition of body weight and
marked local irritation in groups given 1000 ppm or more, decrease in
erythrocyte and hemoglobin values in groups given 4000 ppm or
more, and increases in serum GOT and GPT, and total cholesterol in
the 8000 ppm group. Nakaseko et al. also exposed rats to 1000 and
8000 ppm isopropanol for 20 weeks for nerve conduction studies,
which was reported separately (see also section 5.10).
Reference Nakaseko, H., Teramoto, K., Horiguchi, S., Wakitani, F., Yamanoto,
T., Adachi, M., Tanaka, H., Hozu, S., Jpn. J. Ind.Hlth. 33(3): 200-
201, 1991.
Species rat
Strain F-344
Sex female
Route of Administration Inhalation
Exposure period 90 days or 63 days
UNEP Publications 71
OECD SIDS 2-PROPANOL
Ferquency of exposure 1/2 6 hours/day for 5 days /week for 13 weeks
1/2 6 hours/day for 5 days /week for 9 weeks
Post exposure
observation period 2 weeks post exposure
Doses 5000 ppm
Control group yes
NOEL NA
LOEL 5000 ppm
Method other
Year 1994
GLP yes
Testsubstance as prescribed in 1.1-1.4
Remark Increases in motor activity were seen following exposure to 5000 ppm
of isopropanol. After 9 weeks of exposure, complete recovery was
noted two days post exposure. After 13 weeks of exposure, complete
reversibility was noted at 2 weeks post exposure.
Reference Gill, M., Burleigh-Flayer, H., Bevan. C., Gardiner, T., Kapp, R.,
Isopropanol Ninety-Day Vapor Inhalation Neurotoxicity Study in
Female F-344 Rats. (Abstract) The Toxicologist, Vol. 14 (1), 1994.
Species rat
Strain no data
Sex male/female
Route of Administration drinking water
Exposure Period 27 weeks
Frequency of Treatment continuous
Post Exposure
Observ. Period none
Doses 600 & 2300 mg/kg for males, 1000 & 3900 mg/kg for females
Control Group yes
NOEL = 600 - 1000 mg/kg bw d
LOEL = 2300 - 3900 mg/kg bw d
Method other
Year 1944
GLP no
Testsubstance as prescribed by 1.1 - 1.4
Remark The male rats showed some decreased body weight gains during the
first thirteen weeks of the study, and then increased body weight gain
for the reminder of the study. The female rats showed decreased body
weight gain throughout the study. No gross or microscopic
abnormalities were noted.
Reference Lehman, A.J., Chase, H.F., (1944), J. Lab. Clin. Med. 29: 561 - 567.
Species rat
Strain no data
Sex male
Route of Administration drinking water
Exposure Period 12 weeks
Frequency of Treatment continuous
Post Exposure
Observ. Period none
72 UNEP Publications
OECD SIDS 2-PROPANOL
Doses 1,2,3 and 5 percent
Control Group yes
NOEL = 1% (870 mg/kg/day)
LOEL = 2% (1280 mg/kg/day)
Method other
Year 1993
GLP no data
Testsubstance as prescribed by 1.1 - 1.4
Remark The relative organ weights of liver, kidneys, and adrenals were
significantly increased in a dosedependent manner. No histological
alterations could be attributed to the dosing, apart from a dose-
dependent increase in formation of hyaline casts and droplets in the
proximal tubules of the kidneys. Dorsal hippocampal glial fibrillary
acidic protein (GFAP) was unaffected after treatment.
Reference Pilegaard, K. and Ladefoged, O. (1993) In Vivo 7:325-330
Species mouse
Strain CD-1
Sex male/female
Route of Administration inhalation
Exposure Period 13 weeks
Frequency of Treatment 6 hours/day, 5 days/week
Post Exposure
Observ. Period none
Doses 0, 100, 500, 1500 and 5000 ppm
Control Group yes
NOEL = 500 ppm
LOEL = 1500 ppm
Method other (US EPA TCSA Test Guidelines)
Year 1994
GLP yes
Testsubstance as prescribed by 1.1 - 1.4
Remark No exposure-related mortalities occurred. Narcotic effects were noted
during exposures to 1500 and 5000 ppm. No exposure-related effects
were noted on body weight of the male mice, but increased body
weight and body weight gain were observed for the 5000 ppm female
mice. No treatmentrelated effects were noted at gross necropsy or at
histopathologic examination.
Reference Burleigh-Flayer, H.D., et al. (1994). Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 23, 421-
428.
Species rat
Strain Fischer 344
Sex male/female
Route of Administration inhalation
Exposure Period 13 weeks
Frequency of Treatment 6 hours/day, 5 days/week
Post Exposure
Observ. Period none
Doses 0, 500, 1500 and 5000 ppm
Control Group yes
UNEP Publications 73
OECD SIDS 2-PROPANOL
NOEL = 1500
LOEL = 5000
Method other (US EPA TCSA Test Guidelines)
Year 1994
GLP yes
Testsubstance as prescribed by 1.1 - 1.4
Remark Neurobehavioral evaluations included a functional observation battery
(FOB), motor activity, and neuropathology. There were no changes in
FOB, but increased motor activity was noted in female rats of the
5000 ppm group at week 9 and 13. Neuropathological examination
revealed no exposure-related lesions in the nervous system.
Reference Burleigh-Flayer, H.D., et al. (1994). Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 23, 421-
428.
5.5 Genetic Toxicity in Vitro
Type Salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation assay
System of Testing TA 98, 100, 1535, 1537
Concentr. 180 mmol/plate
Metabolic Activation with and without
Result negative
Method other
Year 1980
GLP no data
Testsubstance as prescribed by 1.1 - 1.4
Remark A report on screening of many chemicals which could be constituents
of tobacco smoke.
Reference Florin, I., Rutberg, L., Curvall, M., and Enzell, O.R. Toxicology
15:219-232, 1980
Type Sister chromatid exchange assay
System of Testing Chinese hamster V79 fibroblasts
Concentr. 3.3, 10, 33.3 and 100 mmol/l
Metabolic Activation with and without
Result negative
Method other
Year 1987
GLP no data
Testsubstance as prescribed by 1.1 - 1.4
Reference Von der Hude, W., Scheutwinkel, M., Gramlich, U., Fissler, B.,
Busler, A., In Vitro Environ. Mutagen., (1987), 9: 401 - 410.
Type Salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation assay
System of Testing TA 97, 98, 100, 102, 104, 1535, 1537, 1538
Concentr. 100 mmol/plate
Metabolic Activation with and without
Result negative
Method other
Year 1992
GLP Yes
Testsubstance as prescribed by 1.1 - 1.4
74 UNEP Publications
OECD SIDS 2-PROPANOL
Reference Zeiger, E. et al, Env. Mol. Mut., 19 (Suppl.21): 2 - 141, 1992.
Type HGPRT assay
System of Testing Chinese hamster ovary
Concentr. 0.5 - 5.0 mg/ml
Metabolic Activation with and without
Result negative
Method other (US EPA TCSA Test Guidelines)
Year 1993
GLP yes
Testsubstance as prescribed by 1.1 - 1.4
Reference Kapp, R.W. et al. (1993). Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 22: 93-100.
Type Meiotic nondisjunction
System of Testing Neurospora crassa ( Strain I x I)
Concentr. no data
Metabolic Activation without
Result negative
Method other
Year 1980
GLP no data
Test substance as prescribed by 1.1 - 1.4
Remark
Reference Griffiths A.J.F. (1980). NIEHS 263-77-C0604CC, Progress Report.
(Cited In: Brockman H.E., de Serres F.J., Ong T -M., DeMarini D.M.,
Katz A.J., Griffiths A.J.F. and Stafford R.S. (1984). Mutation tests in
Neurospora crassa. A report of the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency Gene-Tox Program. Mutat. Res. 133:87-134.)
Type Cell transformation
System of Testing SA7/Syrian Hamster Embryo
Concentr. 62 - 1000 碌g/ml
Metabolic Activation without
Result negative
Method other
Year 1978
GLP no data
Test substance as prescribed by 1.1 - 1.4
Remark
Reference Casto B.C. and Hatch G.G. (1978). Progress Report NIH-NCI-N01-
CP-45615. pp. 62-75. (Cited In: Heidelberger C., Freeman A.E.,
Pienta R.J., Sivak A., Bertram J.S., Casto B.C., Dunkel V.C., Francis
M.W., Kakunaga T., Little J.B. and Schechtman L.M. (1983). Cell
transformation by chemical agents - a review and analysis of the
literature. A report of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Gene-Tox Program. Mutat. Res. 114:283-385.)
5.6 Genetic Toxicity in Vivo
Type Micronucleus Assay
Species mouse
UNEP Publications 75
OECD SIDS 2-PROPANOL
Strain ICR random bred
Sex male/female
Route of Administration i.p.
Exposure Period once, bone marrow examined after 24, 48 and 72 hours.
Doses 350, 1173, 2500 mg/kg
Result negative
Method other (US EPA TCSA Test Guidelines)
Year 1993
GLP yes
Testsubstance as prescribed by 1.1 - 1.4
Reference Kapp, R.W. et al. (1993). Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 22: 93-100.
5.7 Carcinogenicity
Species mouse
Strain C3H
Sex male/female
Route of Administration inhalation
Exposure Period 5 - 8 months
Frequency of Treatment 3 - 7 hours/day, 5 days/week.
Post Exposure
Observ. Period none
Doses 7700 mg/m3
Control Group yes
Method other
Year 1952
GLP no
Testsubstance as prescribed by 1.1 - 1.4
Remark Two other strains used as well, ABC and C57/BL.
Result No excess of lung tumo rs noted among treated mice.
Reference Weil, C.S., Smyth, H.F., Nale, T.W., Arch. Ind. Hyg. Occup. Med.
(1952), 5: 535 -547.
Species mouse
Strain other
Sex no data
Route of Administration dermal
Exposure Period 52 weeks
Frequency of Treatment 3 times/week.
Post Exposure
Observ. Period none
Doses as supplied
Control Group yes
Method other
Year 1976
GLP no
Testsubstance as prescribed by 1.1 - 1.4
Result No treatment related skin tumo rs reported.
Reference US NIOSH (1976), Cincinnati, Ohio, US National Institute of
Occupational Safety and Health, US Dept. of Health, Education and
76 UNEP Publications
OECD SIDS 2-PROPANOL
Welfare, Public Health Services, Centre for Disease Control (DHEW
publication no. (NIOSH)76-142).
Species mouse
Strain C3H
Sex male
Route of Administration s.c.
Exposure Period 20 - 40 weeks.
Frequency of Treatment once/week
Post Exposure
Observ. Period none
Doses 20 mg
Control Group yes
Method other
Year 1952
GLP no
Testsubstance as prescribed by 1.1 - 1.4
Remark Two other strains used as well, ABC and C57/BL.
Result No excessive incidence of lung tumo rs was noted in treated groups,
although incidence of lung tumours in control groups was high.
Reference Weil, C.S., Smyth, H.F., Nale, T.W., Arch. Ind. Hyg. Occup. Med.
(1952), 5: 535 -547.
Species rat
Strain Fischer 344
Sex male/female
Route of Administration inhalation
Exposure Period 24 months
Frequency of Treatment 6 hours/day, 5 days/week
Post Exposure
Observ. Period none
Doses 500, 2500, 5000 ppm
Control Group yes
NOEL(onco) >5000 ppm for oncogenetici effects
NOEL(toxicity) 500 ppm
Method other (US EPA TCSA Test Guidelines)
Year 1995
GLP yes
Testsubstance as prescribed by 1.1 - 1.4
Remark The main cause of death for the 5000 ppm rats (both sexes) was
chronic renal disease. Chronic renal disease also accounted for much
of the mortality of t e 2500 ppm male rats. In contrast, the main cause
h
of death for the control animals was large granular lymphocyte
leukemia. During exposure, some male and female rats at 5000 ppm
showed signs of hypoactivity, lack of startle reflex, and narcosis.
Hypoactivity was also observed in some animals at 2500 ppm. Body
weight and body weight gain were increased for animals in the 2500
and 5000 ppm groups. Urine chemistry changes indicative of
impaired kidney function were noted in the 2500 (males) and 5000
(males and females) ppm groups. In the 2500 and 5000 ppm males
and/or females, liver weights were increased, probably as a result of a
UNEP Publications 77
OECD SIDS 2-PROPANOL
metabolic response (enzyme induction), although there was no
histopathological changes noted. There was also a concentration-
related increase in absolute and relative testes weight seen in males.
An excerbation of chronic renal disease was observed in the IPA-
exposed rats. Observations included mineralization, tubular dilation,
glomerulosclerosis, interstitial nephritis and fibrosis, hydronephrosis,
and transitional cell hyperplasia. These changes are common in aging
rats. An increased incidence of interstitial cell adenomas occurred in
the testes of male rats. The frequency of interstitial (Leydig) cell
tumors of the testis was also increased in a concentration-related
pattern for male rats in the study. The incidence of these tumors in
IPA exposed groups was similar to that reported for unexposed rats in
the National Toxicology Program and previous studies at this
laboratory, while the incidence of these tumors in unexposed rats in
this study was well below historical levels. There were no increases in
the incidence of other tumor types in the exposed animals compared
to the controls.
Reference Garman, R. Bevan, C., Burleigh-Flayer, H., Gardiner, T., Kapp, R.,
Neptun, D., Tyler, T. and Wright, G. Isopropanol (IPA) Vapor
Inhalation Oncogenicity Study in Fisher 344 Rats.(Abstract No. 979)
The Toxicologist, Vol. 15 (1), 1995.
Species mouse
Strain CD-1
Sex male/female
Route of Administration inhalation
Exposure Period 18 months
Frequency of Treatment 6 hours/day, 5 day/week
Post Exposure
Observ. Period None
Doses 500, 2500, 5000 ppm
Control Group yes
NOEL(onco) > 5000 ppm for oncogenetic effects
NOEL(toxicity) 500 ppm (see remarks)
Method other (US EPA TCSA Test Guidelines)
Year
GLP yes
Testsubstance as prescribed by 1.1 - 1.4
Remark Narcosis was observed during exposure in the 2500 and 5000 ppm
groups, and following exposure in the 5000 ppm groups. There was
no differences in mortality rate or mean survival time between IPA-
exposed and control animals. Clinical signs were observed for some
male and female mice during exposures to 2500 and 5000 ppm and
included hypoactivity, lack of a startle reflex, narcosis, ataxia (5000
ppm only), and prostration (5000 ppm only). Ataxia was the only
exposure-related clinical sign that was noted for the 5000 ppm male
and female animals following exposure. Increased body weight and/or
body weight gain were observed for both sexes in the 2500 and 5000
ppm groups. The 2500 and 5000 ppm male mice from the recovery
group continued to increase body weight and body weight gain to
study termination even in the absence of IPA exposure. Absolute and
78 UNEP Publications
OECD SIDS 2-PROPANOL
relative liver weights were increased in both male and female mice;
relative testes weights were decreased in all IPA-exposed male mice;
and absolute and relative brain weights were decreased in the 5000
ppm females. The only organ weight change noted for the recovery
animals was a concentration-related absolute and relative increase in
liver weight for the male mice. Hematologic parameters were
unaffected by IPA exposure. The only gross lesion noted at study
termination was seminal vesicle enlargement in the 5000 ppm males.
However, microscopic evaluation showed increased incidence of
dilation of the seminal vesicles in both the 2500 and 5000 ppm male
mice. These effects were not present in the recovery group males.
Since the seminal vesicles did not have any associated inflammatory
or degenerative changes, the enlargement may have been a result of
hormonal imbalance. It is not known whether the narcotic effects of
isopropanol could have affected the secretion of the seminal vesicles.
Minimal to mild effects to the kidney including renal tubular
proteinosis and tubular dilation were observed following 78 weeks of
exposure. The incidence of renal tubular proteinosis was generally
significantly increased for all male and female treatment groups
relative to controls; however the majority of affected animals showed
minimal degrees of tubular proteinosis (i.e., only a few tubules
affected), there was no concentration-related gradient in either the
frequency of severity of this change, and there was no corresponding
evidence of alterations to the glomeruli. Mild to moderate degrees of
tubular dilation were observed in a small number of females in the
2500 and 5000 ppm groups (significantly increased only for the 5000
ppm group). This finding, however, was not duplicated in male mice
(a significant increase was only seen for the 500 ppm group) nor was
it accompanied by evidence of tubular cell degeneration or urinary
outflow obstruction The increased incidence of kidney effects was not
increased in animals in the recovery group. There was no increased
frequency of neoplastic lesions in any of the IPA exposed groups,
indicating a lack of carcinogenic activity by IPA. Thus, while the
kidney findings may be considered treatment-related effects (female
mice), their toxicological significance is unclear at this time. The
uncertainty about kidney effects, in particular male mice, leatd to a
NOEL of 500 ppm, and a LOEL of 2500 ppm (clinical signs), for
non-cancer effects for this study.
Reference Burleigh-Flayer, H., Bevan, C., Gardiner, T., Garman, R., Kapp, R.,
Neptun, D., Tyler, T. and Wright, G. Isopropanol Vapor Inhalation
庐
Oncogenicity Study in CD-1庐 Mice. (Abstract No. 1219) The
Toxicologist, Vol. 14 (1), 1994.
5.8 Toxicity to Reproduction
Type One generation study
Species rat
Strain Wistar
Sex male/female
Route of Administration drinking water
UNEP Publications 79
OECD SIDS 2-PROPANOL
Exposure Period To weaning (day 21 after birth).
Frequency of Treatment continuous
Premating Exposure Period
male 70 days
female 21 days
Duration of Test To weaning
Doses 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0%
Control Group yes
NOEL Parental =1%
NOEL F1 Offspring =1%
NOEL F2 Offspring
Method other
Year 1986
GLP yes
Testsubstance as prescribed by 1.1 - 1.4
Remark Parental rats dosed with 2% isoproanol had decreased body weight
gain and corresponding reduced pup weight gain and decreased
survival compared with controls. There was also a dose-related
increase in relative liver weights of the F1 animals. There was no
effect on reproductive parameters. There was no macroscopic or
histopathological changes assoicated with isopropanol treatment. The
reproductive NOEL of 1% corresponds to 825 and 625 mg/kg/day for
females and males respectively. A further study by Lehman et al (J.
Exp. Pharmacol. Expt. Therapy, 85, 61-69, 1945) studied the effects
of IPA in drinking water. No effects were found at 2.5% but the
reported data are scant.
Reference British Industrial Biological Research Assoc., Report 0570/3/86.
Type Two generation study
Species rat
Strain Sprague-Dawley
Sex male/female
Route of Administration gavage
Exposure Period Prior to mating and to lactation and weaning of F1 and F2
generations.
Frequency of Treatment daily
Premating Exposure Period
male 10 weeks
female 10 weeks
Duration of Test to lactation and weaning
Doses 100, 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day
Control Group yes
NOEL Parental < 500 mg/kg bw/day (BMDL10 = 407 mg/kg/day)(see remarks
below)
Reproduction
NOEL F1 Offspring < 500 mg/kg bw/day(BMDL5 = 449 mg/kg/day)(See remarks below )
NOEL F2 Offspring < 500 mg/kg bw/day (BMDL5 = 418 mg/kg/day)(See remarks below)
Method other (US EPA TCSA Test Guidelines)
Year 1995
GLP yes
Testsubstance as prescribed by 1.1 - 1.4
80 UNEP Publications
OECD SIDS 2-PROPANOL
Remark Thirty rats of each sex per group (P1) were dosed once daily by oral
gavage with 0, 100, 500 or 1000 mg of isopropanol kg-1 for at least
10 weeks prior to mating. Findings in the parental animals included
increased lactation body weight gain in the 500 and 1000 mg/kg
females, increased liver and kidney weights in the 500 and 1000
mg/kg groups of both sexes, and centrilobular hepatocyte
hyperthrophy in some P2 males. There was microscopic findings in
the kidneys from the mid- and high-dose P1 males and from all
treated groups of the P2 males. Exposure to 1000 mg/kg day and to a
lesser extent 500 mg/kg day resulted in a reduction in postnatal
survival in both F1 and F2 litters . In addition, offspring body weight
was reduced during the early postnatal period in the 1000 mg/kg F1
males and in the 1000 mg/kg F2 pups of both sexes. In the 1000
mg/kg group 18/70 F1 weanlings or were euthanized prior to P2
selection. No treatment-related postmortem findings were observed in
the offspring from either generation. A statistically significant
reduction was observed in the male mating index of the 1000 mg/kg
P2 males compared to controls. However, no treatment-related
microscopic changes in reproductive tissues or biologically
meaningful differences in other reproductive parameters were noted.
Remark The study-derived NOELs for the F1 and F2 offspring are contingent
upon the biological significance ascribed to the effects observed for
the 500 mg/kg /day treatment group. There are two perspectives on
the interpretation of these observations. A conservative perspective is
that the reductions in postnatal survival are treatment- and dose-
related effects (U.S. EPA, 1992 U.S. EPA, 1996; Tyl, 1996).
Consequently, the NOEL based on this interpretation would be set at
100 mg/kg/day. On the other hand, the NOEL may be set at 500
mg/kg/day if these observations are not deemed biologically
significant (Bevan et al., 1995; Harris, 1995). A benchmark dose
(BMD) assessment was conducted as a way of clarifying issues
surrounding the derivation of effect levels for this study. As described
below, this assessment resulted in calculated BMD dosages of 449
and 418 mg/kg low/day for the F1 and F2, respectively as appropriate
descriptors for this endpoint. (See Benchmark study below.).
Reference Bevan, C., Tyler, T.R., Gardiner, T.H., Kapp, R.W., Jr., Andrews, L.
and Beyer, B.K. Journal of Applied Toxicology, Vol. 15(2) pp. 117-
123 (1995).
Harris S.B. (1995). A review of the EPA comments regarding the
study entitled 鈥淢ulti-generation rat reproduction study with
isopropanol鈥?. Report prepared for the Chemical Manufacturers
Association Isopropanol Panel.
Tyl R. W. (1996) February 12, 1996 Letter to the Chemical
Manufacturers Association Isopropanol Panel.
US EPA (1992). Review of Section 4 Data - A Two Generatio
Reproductive Toxicity Study in Rats with Isopropanol.
UNEP Publications 81
OECD SIDS 2-PROPANOL
US EPA, Draft Final RM1 Risk Assessment of Isopropanol, OPPT,
1996. TSCA Public Docket Number AR-141.
Remark Quantitative Dose-Rsponse Analysis -- Application of the Benchmark
Method to the Multi-Generation Rat Reproduction Study for
Isopropanol.
Remark Chemical Manufacturers Association Isopropanol Panel conducted a
quantitative dose-response analysis of the bioassay data from the
multi-generation rat reproduction study noted above using the
benchmark dose method to identify the relevant dosage to derive a
toxicity value that may contribute in part to safety assessment
decisions for isopropanol.
Remark The reproductive/developmental effects were reported to have
NOAEL between 100 mg/kg/day (USEPA 1992) and 500 mg/kg/day
(Bevan et al., 1995). Based upon decrease in mating index observed
in the P2 males, a BMDL10 of 407 mg/kg/day was estimated for
reproductive effects. A BMDL5 of 418 mg/kg/day was estimated for
developmental effects based upon the F2 generation 4-day survival.
For the F1 generation 4-day survival, 449 mg/kg bw/day was
estimated as BMDL5. The corresponding MLE dosages were 786
(Polynomial model) and 771 mg/kg bw/day (Weibell model) for the
reproductive effects, 656 mg/kg bw/day for the F1 postnatal effects,
and 804 mg/kg bw/day for the F2 postnatal effects.
Reference Shipp, A.M., Allen, B.C., Van Landingham, C., Gentry, P.R. and
Crump, K.S., Quantitative Dose-Response Analysis -- Application of
the Benchmark Method to the Multi-Generation Rat Reproduction
Study for Isopropanol. Final Report prepared by ICF Kaiser, KS
Crump Division, 602, East Georgia Avenue, Ruston, Louisiana for
Chemical Manufactureres Association Isopropanol Panel, April 1996.
Type One generation study
Species rat
Strain Wistar
Sex male/female
Route of Administration drinking water
Exposure Period prior to mating and to lactation and weaning of F1 and generation
Frequency of Treatment continuous
Premating Exposure Period
male 8 weeks
female 8 weeks
Duration of Test
Doses 2 and 3% isopropanol in drinking water
Control Group yes
NOEL Parental = 2%
NOEL F1 Offspring = 2%
NOEL F2 Offspring
Method other
Year 1977
GLP no
Testsubstance as prescribed by 1.1 - 1.4
Remark Isopropanol was administered as a 3% solution in the drinking water.
Reduced parental body weight gain, food and water consumption
82 UNEP Publications
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were observed in the isopropanol-treated animals compared with
controls. In addition, fertility, litter size, and pup weights at postnatal
days 4 and 21 were reduced in the 3% treatment group compared with
the controls. The dose was dropped to 2% isopropanol and the
parental animals were re-mated to provide litters for a developmental
toxicity evaluation. No parental toxicity or reproductive toxicity was
noted.
Reference Gallo, M.A., Oser, B.I., Cox, G.E., and Bailey, D.E. (1977) Toxicol.
Appl. Pharmacol. 41:35
5.9 Developmental Toxicity/Teratogenicity
Species rat
Strain Wistar
Sex female
Route of Administration drinking water
Exposure Period Days 6 - 16 of pregnancy.
Frequency of Treatment continuous
Duration of Test To day 20 of pregnancy.
Doses 0.5, 1.25, 2.5%
Control Group yes
NOEL Maternal Toxicity = 0.5 %
NOEL Teratogenicity = 0.5 %
Method other
Year 1986
GLP yes
Testsubstance as prescribed by 1.1 - 1.4
Remark Maternal body weights were significantly decreased from gestational
days 7-16. Animals in the 1.25% and 2.5% dose groups exhibited
reduced food and water consumption during the treatment period. In
the 1.25% and 2.5% dose groups, fetal body weights were reduced on
a per fetus basis, but not on a per litter basis. No teratogenic effects
were observed; but, delayed ossification of the skeleton was noted in
the 1.25% and 2.5% dose groups, consistent with retarded
development as a result of maternal toxicity.
Reference British Industrial Biological Research Assoc., Report no. 0570/2/86.
Species rat
Strain Sprague-Dawley
Sex female
Route of Administration gavage
Exposure Period 6 - 15 of gestation
Frequency of Treatment daily
Duration of Test To day 20 of pregnancy
Doses 0, 400, 800 and 1200 mg/kg/day
Control Group yes
NOAEL Maternal Toxicity = 400 mg/kg bw/day
NOAEL Developmental Toxicity = 400 mg/kg bw/day
Method other (US EPA TCSA Test Guidelines)
Year 1994
UNEP Publications 83
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GLP yes
Testsubstance as prescribed by 1.1 - 1.4
Remark No dams aborted or delivered early. Two dams died at 1200 mg/kg
and one dam died at 800 mg/kg. Reduced maternal gestational weight
gain on gestational days 0 to 20 associated with significantly reduced
gravid uterine weights were noted in the high-dose animals. All
gestational parameters were equivalent across groups. Fetal body
weights per liter were significantly reduced at the two highest doses.
There were no adverse maternal or developmental effects at 400
mg/kg. No evidence of increased teratogenicity was observed at any
dose tested. Therefore, isopropanol was not teratogenic to CD rats.
Reference Tyl, R.W., Masten, L.W., Marr, M.C., Myers, C.B., Slauter, R.W.,
Gardiner, T.H., Strother, D.E., McKee, R.H., and Tyler, T.R. (1994)
Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 22:139- 151.
Species rabbit
Strain New Zealand white
Sex female
Route of Administration gavage
Exposure Period Days 6 - 18 of pregnancy
Frequency of Treatment daily
Duration of Test to day 28 of pregnancy
Doses 120, 240 and 480 mg/kg/day
Control Group yes
NOAEL Maternal Toxicity = 240 mg/kg bw/day
NOAEL Developmental Toxicity = 480 mg/kg bw/day
Method other (US EPA TCSA Test Guidelines)
Year 1994
GLP yes
Testsubstance as prescribed by 1.1 - 1.4
Remark No does aborted or delivered early. Four does died at 480 mg/kg.
Maternal body weights were significantly reduced during treatment
and clinical signs of toxicity were observed at 480 mg/kg. No adverse
maternal effects were noted at 120 or 240 mg/kg. All gestational
parameters were equivalent across groups. No evidence of increased
teratogenicity was observed at any dose tested. Therefore, isopropanol
was not teratogenic to NZW rabbits.
Reference Tyl, R.W., Masten, L.W., Marr, M.C., Myers, C.B., Slauter, R.W.,
Gardiner, T.H., Strother, D.E., McKee, R.H., and Tyler, T.R. (1994)
Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 22:139- 151.
Species rat
Strain Sprague-Dawley
Sex female
Route of Administration gavage
Exposure Period day 6 of pregnancy to day 21 postnatal.
Frequency of Treatment daily
Duration of Test Day 68 post natal.
Doses 200, 700 and 1200 mg/kg/day
Control Group yes
NOEL Maternal Toxicity = 700 mg/kg bw/day
84 UNEP Publications
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NOEL Developmental Neurotoxicity = 1200 mg/kg bw/day
Method other (US EPA TCSA Test Guidelines)
Year 1994
GLP yes
Testsubstance as prescribed by 1.1 - 1.4
Remark This study was specifically designed to investigate developmental
neurotoxicity. One high-dose dam died on postnatal day 15, but there
were no other clinical observations or effects on maternal weight,
food consumption, or gestation length. Pup survival, weight, sex ratio,
and sexual maturation were unaffected. There were no biologically
significant findings in the behavioral tests, no changes in organ
weights, and no pathological findings that could be attributed to
isopropanol exposure.
Reference Bates, H.K., McKee, R.H., Bieler, G.S., Gardiner, T.H., Gill, M.W.,
Strother, D.E., and Masten, L.W. (1994) Fundam. Appl. Toxicol.
22:152-158.
Species rat
Strain Sprague-Dawley
Route of Administration inhalation
Exposure Period gestational days 1-19
Frequency of Treatment 7 hours/day
Duration of Test gestational day 20
Doses 3500, 7000 and 10000 ppm
Control Group yes
NOEL Maternal Toxicity = 3500 ppm
NOEL Teratogenicity < 3500 ppm
Method not specified
GLP yes
Remark The animals showed unsteady gait and narcotization during initial
exposures in the mid- and high-dose groups; reduced food
consumption and reduced weight gain were also noted in both the
mid- and high-dose groups. Fetal body weights per litter were reduced
in all dose groups. Exposure to 10000 ppm also resulted in failure of
implantation, fully resorbed litters, increased resportions per litter and
increased incidence of cervical ribs.
Reference Nelson, B.K., Brightwell, W.S., MacKenzie-Taylor, D.R., Khan, A.,
Burg, J.R., and Weigel, W.W. (1988) Fd. Chem. Toxicol. 26: 247-
254.
5.10 Other Relevant Information
Type METABOLISM
Remark Numerous studies on the absoption, distribution, metabolism and
excretion of IPA have been performed. These indicate that IPA is
readily absorbed in animals and man through the lungs, skin and GI
tract. There is evidence for a delay in absorption through the GI tract
at high dose levels and an extension in half life suggesting limited
metabolic capability. IPA is rapidly distributed throughout the body
and has been shown to cross the blood/brain barrier. Elimination from
UNEP Publications 85
OECD SIDS 2-PROPANOL
the blood follows first order kinetics. Approximately 64 - 84% of an
intravenous dose has been shown to be oxidised to acetone in rabbit.
Elimination of IPA is retarded by ethanol and it has been shown that
IPA is a poorer substrate for alcohol dehydrogenase than ethanol.
Excretion occurs mainly through the expired air either as unchanged
IPA or as acetone. Quantities of acetone and IPA are excreted in the
urine together with the glucuronide conjugate of IPA. There is
evidence in man that sulphonation may occur.
Reference World Health Organisation, Environmental Health Criteria 103, 2-
Propanol, WHO, Geneva, 1990.
Remark In rats, a similar relationship was established for excretion of acetone
and IPA in expired air following a single IP injection of 0.1 ml IPA.
2% of the administered dose was excreted in the expired air as IPA
and 38.8% as acetone.
Reference Teramoto, K., Horiguchi, S., Adachi, M., Wakitani, F., Fukui, M.,
Osaka City Med. J., 33 (2): 153 - 160, 1987.
Remark IPA has been shown to be readily absorbed and distributed through
rat tissue following intravenous, gavage or inhalation routes of
exposure. IPA is mainly metabolised to acetone by a saturable
pathway. The main route of excretion is via the expired air as acetone,
CO2 and unchanged IPA. Over 80% of a radiolabel was excreted in
expired air following these routes of exposure. There were no
substantial differences between males and females.
Reference Slauter, R. W. et al. Disposition and Pharmacokinetics of Isopropanol
in F-344 Rats and B6C3F1 Mice. (Abstract 809) The Toxicologist
Vol 12 (1) 1992.
Remark "The absorption, metabolism, disposition, and excretion of
isopropanol (IPA) were studied in male and female rats and mice.
Animals were exposed by i.v. (300 mg/kg) and inhalation (500 and
5000 ppm for 6 hours) routes; additionally IPA was given by gavage
to rats only in single and multiple 300 and 3000 mg/kg doses. In the
rat approximately 81-89% of the administered dose was exhaled (as
acetone, CO2, and unmetabolized IPA); approximately 76% of the
dose in mice was exhaled after iv bolus but 92% was exhaled
following inhalation. Approximately 3-8% of the administered dose
was excreted in urine as IPA, acetone, and a metabolite tentatively
identified as isopropyl glucuronic acid. Small amounts of radiolabel
were found in feces and in the carcass. There were no major
differences in the rates or routes of excretion observed either between
sexes or between routes of administration. Additionally, repeated
exposure had no effect on excretion. However, both the route of
administration and the exposure or dose level influenced the form in
which material was exhaled. Following exposure to 5000 ppm, a
greater percentage of unmetabolized IPA was recovered in the
expired air than following exposure to 500 ppm, implying saturation
of metabolism".
Reference Slauter, R.W. et al, (1994). Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 23, 407-420.
Type PHARMACOKINETICS
Remark Male and female rats and mice were exposed to 300 mg/kg
isopropanol intravenously, and to 500 and 5000 ppm isopropanol by
86 UNEP Publications
OECD SIDS 2-PROPANOL
inhalation for 6 hours. Additionally, isopropanol was given to rats by
gavage (300 and 3000 mg/kg) in single and multiple doses.
Exhalation was the major route of excretion with acetone as the major
metabolite along with unmetabolized isopropanol and CO2. Urinary
excretion accounted for 5-8% of the administered dose which
included isopropanol, acetone, and the glucuronide conjugate of
isopropanol. A small amount was excreted in the feces. Excretion and
distribution patterns were similar by all routes of administration. High
doses exceeded the metabolic threshold as evidenced by greater
proportion of isopropanol excretion. There was no bioaccumulation,
and distribution was similar for single and repeated administration.
No major differences in absorption, distribution, metabolism, and
excretion between species were observed.
Reference Slauter, R.W., Coleman, D.P., Gaudette, N.F., McKee, R.H., Masten,
L.W., Gardiner, T.H., Marino, D.J., Tyler, T.R., and Jeffcoat, A.R.
(1992) Toxicologist 12: 219.
Remark Following inhalation exposure of rats to isopropanol for 4 hours,
blood levels of isopropanol and its metabolite acetone were directly
related to airborne concentrations in the range of 500 a 8000 ppm.
nd
Following inhalation, the acetone/isopropanol ratio in blood
decreased indicating saturation of the oxidative metabolic pathway
above 4000 ppm.
Reference Laham, S., Potvin, M., Schrader, K., and Marino, I. (1980) Drug
Chem. Toxicol. 3: 343-360.
Type NEUROTOXICITY
Remark Groups of male and female rats (Fischer 344) received a single
inhalation exposure of IPA at dose levels of 0, 500, 1500, 5000 or
10000 ppm for 6 hours. A spectrum of behavioral effects indicative of
narcosis, defined as a generalized loss of neuromotor and reflex
function, was observed in animals of the 10000 ppm group, and to a
lesser extent in the 5000 ppm animals. Recovery from these effects
was observed by 24 hours for the 10000 ppm animals, and by 6 hours
for the 5000 ppm animals. A concentration-dependent decrease in
motor activity was observed for males exposed to > 1500 ppm and for
females exposed to > 5000 ppm. The results showed that exposure of
rats to isopropanol vapor produces transient, concentration-related
narcosis and/or CNS sedation. A NOEL for clinical signs of
intoxication (narcosis and neurobehavioural function) was 1500 ppm.
A NOEL for neurobehavioural effects was 500 ppm.
Reference (1) Gill, M.W., Burleigh-Flayer, H.D., Marino, D.J., Masten, L.W.,
McKee, R.H., Tyler, T.R. and Gardiner, T. Isopropanol Single
Exposure Vapor Unhalation Neurotoxicity Sttudy in Rats. (Abstract
862) The Toxicologist Vol. 12 (1), 1992.
(2) Gill, M.W., Burleigh-Flayer, H.D., Strother, D.E., Masten, L.W.,
McKee, R.H., Tyler, T.R. and Gardiner, T.H. Isopropanol: Acute
Vapor Inhalation neuroticity Study in Rats. J. Appl. Toxicol. 15 (2)
77-84, 1995.
Remark A vapor inhalation study was performed on isopropanol on F-344 rats
庐
and CD-1庐 Mice. Exposures were 0, 100, 500, 1500, or 5000 ppm for
UNEP Publications 87
OECD SIDS 2-PROPANOL
6 hours/day, 5 days per week, for 13 weeks. Effects of narcosis were
observed only during exposure to 5000 ppm. Neurobehavioural
evaluations indicated no changes in the functional observation
battery; however, increased motor activity was noted in female rats of
the 5000 ppm group at Weeks 9 and 13. Neuropathological
examination revelaed no exposure-related lesions in the nervous
system.
Reference Burleigh-Flayer, H.D., Gill, M.W., Marino, D.J., Masten, L.W.,
McKee, R.H., Tyler, T.R., and Gardiner, T.H. (Abstract No. 1057)
Toxicologist Vol. 12 (1) 1992.
Remark See M. Gill鈥檚 review of case studies for an overview of neurotixicty
testing of isopropsanol.
Reference Gill, M.W., 鈥淐ase Studies in Industrial Neurotoxicology鈥? In
Neurobehavioral Toxicity: Analysis and Interpretation, B. Weiss and
J. O鈥橠onoghue (Eds.) Raven Press, New York, 1994.
Remark See Section 5.4 for details of 12 week study in rats receiving
isopropanol in drinking water. No indication of neurotoxicity, as
assayed as GFAP in the dorsal hippocampal region, was detected.
Remark Jcl-Wistar rats were exposed to 1000 and 8000 ppm isopropanol 8
hours/day, 5 days/week for 20 weeks. Sensory nerve conduction
velocity was reported to have been affected in the 8000 ppm dose
group.
Reference Teramoto, K., Wakitani, F., Horiguch, S., Jo, T., Yamamoto, T.,
Misutake, H., and Nakaseko, H. (1993) Environ.Res 62:148
Type NERVE CONDUCTION STUDY
Remark Jcl-Wistar rats were exposed to 1000 and 8000 ppm isopropanol 8
hours/day, 5 days/week for 20 weeks. Sensory nerve conduction
velocity was reported to have been affected in the 8000 ppm dose
group.
Reference Teramoto, K., Wakitani, F., Horiguchi, S., Jo, T., Yamamoto, T.,
Mitsutake, H., and Nakaseko, H. (1993) Environ. Res. 62: 148.
Type IMMUNOTOXICITY
Remark It has been suggested that IPA may interfere with the normal
inflammatory response. Inhibition of histamine induced increase in
vascular permeability has been demonstrated as has experimentally
induced plasma exudation into the pleuralcavity. Administration of
antiinflammatory drugs however increased the pleural inflammatory
reaction.
Reference Kasuga, F., Inoue, S., Asano, T., Kumagi, S., Fd. Cos. Tox. 30 (7):
631-634, 1992.
Type IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY
Remark Kidney section prepared from paraffin blocks of kidney tissues
obtained following a 9- day vapor inhalation study were examined for
immunohistochemical staining with alpha2u-globulin. The section
examined included 5/sex from the control and 5000 ppm exposure
groups and 5 males from a 10,000 ppm exposure group. There were
no substantive differences noted between the exposure groups for the
male rats in either intensity or distribution of the alpha2u-globulin
88 UNEP Publications
OECD SIDS 2-PROPANOL
reactivity. The females did not have any alpha2u-globulin positive
reaction in the kidney sections.
Reference Fowler, E.H. and Martin, C. Immunohistochemical Evaluation of
Alpha2u-Globulin in Kidneys of Fischer 344 Rats from the
Isopropanol Nine-Day Vapor Inhalation Study. BRRC Report No.
93N1229 dated April 29, 1994.
Type SENSORY IRRITATION
Remark Isopropanol produced sensory irritation in mice, with RD50 values of
5000 ppm and 17693 ppm.
Reference (1) DeCeaurriz et al, 1981.
(2) Kane et al, 1980.
Remark Guinea pigs exposed by inhalation to 400 ppm isopropanol for 24
hours showed epithelial changes in the respiratory mucosa and a
decline in tracheal ciliary activity which returned to normal within 2
weeks following exposure. Recovery did not occur within 2 weeks in
animals exposed to 5500 ppm for 24 hours.
Reference (1) Ohashi et al, 1987a.
(2) Ohashi et al, 1987b.
Type DERMAL ABSORPTION
Remark Dermal absorption and Pharmacokinetics of Isopropanol in the Male
and Female F-344 Rat.
Remark Chemical Manufacturers Association Isopropanol Panel conducted a
dermal absorption study in which the rats were exposed dermally for
a period of 4 hours. First order elimination half-lives for IPA was 0.8
hours and 2.6 hours for acetone. 14 C-IPA studies showed excellent
agreement with dermal absorption rates found via the analytical
method. The study showed that IPA is rapidly absorbed through rat
skin when applied under occlusion.
Reference Boatman, R.J., Perry, L.G., Fiorica, L.A., English, J.C., Kapp, R.W.,
Jr., Bevan, C., Tyler, T.R., Banton, M.I. and Wright, G.A.. Dermal
Absorption and PharmacoKinetics of Isopropanol in the Male and
Female F-344 Rats. The Toxicologist (Abstract) Vol 30, No.1, (2) No.
210 (1996).
Type HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
Remark US EPA, Draft Final RM1 Risk Assessment of Isopropanol, OPPT,
1996. TSCA Public Docket Number AR-141.
Type OTHER
Remark Deaths occurred in 6 of 10 rats following aspiration of 0.2 ml of
100% isopropanol and in 1 of 10 rats following aspiration of 70%
isopropanol.
Reference Gerarde, H.W., and Ahlstrom, D.B. (1986) Arch. Environ. Health 13:
457-461.
Remark Acute or chronic treatment of rats with isopropanol caused a
significant increase in hepatic and renal cytochrome P450 content.
Reference (1) Uneng, T.H., Moore, L., Elves, R.G., and Alvares, A.P. (1983)
Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 71: 204-214.
UNEP Publications 89
OECD SIDS 2-PROPANOL
(2) Zahlsen, K., Aasted, K., and Nilsen, O.G. (1985) Toxicology 34:
57-66.
Remark Acute oral pretreatment of rats with isopropanol resulted in a dose-
related potentiation of carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity.
Reference Plaa, G.L., Hewitt, W.R., du Souich, R., Caille, G., and Lock, S.
(1982) J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 9: 235-250.
Remark The cutaneous penetration of IPA was evaluated usinf excised, full-
thickness skin from male and female F-344 rats, B6C3F1 mice and
female humans in a flow-through in vitro skin penetration apparatus.
Steady state penetration rates were 1.3, 1.88 and 1.65 mg/cm2 for rat,
mouse and human, respectively. Permeability constants were similar
among the three tissue types while over a 6 hour treatment period,
more IPA penetrated the mouse skin (11.6%) than through rat (6.4%)
or through human (7.1%). The rat skin was determined to be a good
human skin model while the mouse skin was found to be the most
permeable.
Reference Morris, E.M., Sun, J.D., Frantz, S.W., Beskitt, J.L, Bevan, C.,
Gardiner, T., Kapp, R., Tyler, T. and Wright, G. (Abstract No. 1727)
The Toxicologist Vol. 15 (1), 1995.
5.11 Experience with Human Exposure
Type ODOR THRESHOLD
Remark The air odor threshold for isopropanol has been reported as 22 ppm.
Reference Amoore, J.E., and Hautala, E. (1983) J. Appl. Toxicol. 3: 272-290.
Type ACCIDENTAL EXPOSURE
Remark Intoxications have been reported following ingestion, rectal
administration and, in children, following inhalation and skin
absorption. Signs of intoxication are CNS depression, leading to
coma, respiratory arrest and death. GI effects and hypothermia may
occur. Cardiac effects include severe hypotension, shock and cardiac
arrest with tachycardia as a secondary effect. The lowest dose
reported to be life threatening was 170 ml in an 18 month old child.
Acetone can be detected in the blood, breath and urine after
intoxication with IPA, but acidosis does not usually occur. Occasional
reports of allergic reaction to IPA have appeared in the literature.
Reference World Health Organisation, Environmental Health Criteria 103, 2-
Propanol WHO, Geneva, 1990.
Type VOLUNTEER STUDIES
Remark 2.6 or 6.4 mg/kg/day IPA for 6 weeks was well tolerated by human
male volunteers, there being no adverse effects on hematology, blood
chemistry, urinalysis or ophthalmoscopy. Application of 0.5 ml
undiluted IPA in an open patch test did not result in skin irritation. 10
minute covered patches produced transient erythema following
immersion in water. Premature infants however were found to be
particularly susceptible.
Reference World Health Organisation, Environmental Health Criteria 103, 2-
Propanol, WHO, Geneva, 1990.
90 UNEP Publications
OECD SIDS 2-PROPANOL
Remark Although isopropanol was found to produce little irritation when
tested on the skin of six human subjects, there have been reports of
dermal irritation and/or skin sensitization. With the exception of three
reports, the positive reactions were observed on patch testing of
patients with a contact dermatitis due to ethanol. These patients also
had a positive reaction to ethanol.
Reference Lington, A.W., and Bevan, C. (1994) Patty's Industrial Hygiene and
Toxicology, 4th Edition.
Remark Exposure to 400 ppm isopropanol vapors for 3 to 5 min caused mild
irritation of the eyes, nose and throat of human volunteers. At 800
ppm, the effects were not severe but the majority felt the atmosphere
was unsuitable.
Reference Nelson, K.W., Ege, J.F., Jr., Ross, M., Woodman, L.E., and
Silverman, L. (1943) J. Ind. Hyg. Toxicol. 9:93-97
Remark The production of acetone following IPA ingestion in man was
demonstrated in a study involving three human volunteers. There was
a correlation between blood levels of IPA and acetone with the initial
peak of IPA recorded half an hour after dosing and reducing as the
acetone levels increased over a 24 hour period.
Reference Lacouture, P.G., Heldreth, D.D., Vet. Hum. Toxicol., 29 (6): 486,
1987.
Type EPIDEMIOLOGY
Remark There is epidemiological evidence indicating that the manufacture of
isopropanol by the strong-acid process is associated with an excess of
upper respiratory tract cancer in workers. IARC has concluded that
there is sufficient evidence for carcinogenicity to humans in the
manufacture of isopropanol by this process. Although the use of this
strong-acid process has raised carcinogenicity concerns, these are
related to sulfuric acid and to by-products such as dialkyl sulfates that
are formed during this manufacturing process, not to isopropanol
itself.
Reference (1) World Health Organisation, Environmental Health Criteria 103, 2-
Propanol, WHO, Geneva, 1990.
(2) I nternational Agency for Research on Cancer, Monographs on the
evaluation of carcinogenic risk to man, No. 15, IARC,Lyon, France,
1977 and update, 1987.
(3) Weil, C.S., Smyth, H.F., Jr., and Nale, T.W. (1952) Arch. Ind.
Hyg. Occup. Med. 5:535-547.
(4) Lynch, J., Hannis, N.M., Bird, M.G., Murray, K.J., and Walsh,
J.P. (1979) J. Occup. Med. 21:333341.
(5) Soskolne, C.L., Zeighami, E.A., Hanis, N.M., Kupper, L.L.,
Herrman, N., Amsel, J., Mausner, J.S., and Stellman, J.S. (1984) Am.
J. Epidemiol. 120:358-369
Remark A single study was reported showing that IPA was associated with a
higher risk of breast cancer. However, there was a combined exposure
with freon and solder flux and aspects of lifestyle (such as smoking
habits and alcohol consumption) were not taken into account.
Reference Spiritas, R., Stewart, P.A., Lee, J.S., Marano, D.E., Forbes, C.D.,
Grauman, D.J., Pettigrew, H.M., Blair, A., Hoover, R.N., Cohen, J.L.,
Brit. J. Ind. Med., 48: 515 - 530, 1991.
UNEP Publications 91
OECD SIDS 2-PROPANOL
Remark In a population based referent study, the occupational experince of 86
men with oral or oropharyngeal cancer and 373 referents was
analyzed with respect to employment and exposure to 16 chemicals,
including IPA, as estimated by a job exposure matrix. There was no
evidence of association between IPA exposure and oral or
oropharangeal exposure in this study.
Reference Merletti, F., Boffetta, P., Ferro, G., Pisani, P., Terrachini, B., Scand.
J. Work. Env. Hlth., 17: 248 - 254, 1991.
Remark The lung uptake was studied in 12 printing workers exposed to
workplace levels in the range of 8 to 647 mg/m3 (3.3 to 264 ppm)
isopropanol. The alveolar isopropanol concentration was highly
correlated with the exposure level at any time of exposure. Acetone,
but not isopropanol, was detected in the blood or urine. The acetone
concentration ranged between 0.76 and 15.6 mg/liter in the blood and
between 3 and 93 mg/m3 in the alveolar air. The acetone levels in the
alveolar air and blood increased with the increasing exposure period
and were linearly related to the alveolar isopropanol levels.
Elimination of acetone was mainly via the lungs, varying from 10.7 to
39.8% of the uptake, and was inversely related to the exposure level.
Reference Brugnone, F., Perbellini, L., Apostoli, P., Bellomi, M., and Caretta,
D. (1983) Br. J. Ind. Med. 40:160-168.
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鈥? Atkinson, R. A structure-activity relationship for the estimation of rate constants
Amoore, J.E., and Hautala, E. (1983) J. Appl. Toxicol. 3: 272-290.
鈥? Atkinson, R. (1985): Chem Rev 85, pp. 69-75, 135-153, 182-201.
鈥? for the gas=phase reactions of OH radicals with organic compounds. Int J Chem Kinet 19, 799-
828 (1987).
鈥? Atkinson, R. (1990): J Phys Chem Ref Data (1992), 21(6):1125-1568
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UNEP Publications 95
OECD SIDS 2-PROPANOL
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96 UNEP Publications
OECD SIDS 2-PROPANOL
UNEP Publications 97
OECD SIDS 2-PROPANOL
EXTRACT FROM IRPTC LEGAL FILES
98 UNEP Publications
OECD SIDS 2-PROPANOL
File: 17.01 LEGAL rn : 6729
systematic name:2-Propanol
common name :2-propanol
reported name :ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL
cas no :67-63-0 rtecs no :NT8050000
area : AUS type : REC
--------------------------------
|subject|specification|descriptor|
|-------+-------------+----------|
| AIR | OCC | TLV |
--------------------------------
TWA: 980MG/M3 (400PPM) STEL: 1225MG/M3 (500PPM)
entry date: MCH 1985
original : ILO , , , , ,
amendment: AOHGN*, APPROVED OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH GUIDE THRESHOLD LIMIT
VALUES, , , , 1983
*******
File: 17.01 LEGAL rn : 15004
systematic name:2-Propanol
common name :2-propanol
reported name :ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL
cas no :67-63-0 rtecs no :NT8050000
area : BEL type : REC
--------------------------------
|subject|specification|descriptor|
|-------+-------------+----------|
| AIR | OCC | TLV |
--------------------------------
TWA: 980MG/M3 (400PPM); STEL: 1225MG/M3 (500 PPM). SKIN ABSORPTION.
entry date: JUL 1987
original : ILO , , , , ,
amendment: TLVBE*, THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUES(TOLERABLE LIMIT VALUES), , , ,
1984
*******
File: 17.01 LEGAL rn : 15640
systematic name:2-Propanol
common name :2-propanol
reported name :ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL
cas no :67-63-0 rtecs no :NT8050000
area : FIN type : REC
--------------------------------
|subject|specification|descriptor|
|-------+-------------+----------|
| AIR | OCC | MPC |
--------------------------------
TWA: 500MG/M3 (200PPM) STEL: 625MG/M3 (250PPM) (SKIN) (APPLIES TO ALL
ISOMERS)
entry date: MAY 1989
original : ILO , , , , ,
amendment: APWFI*, HTP-ARVOT (LIST OF LIMIT VALUES FOR CONCENTRATIONS OF
TOXIC SUBSTANCES KNOWN TO BE HARMFUL TO HEALTH), 25 , , 10 ,
UNEP Publications 99
OECD SIDS 2-PROPANOL
1988
*******
File: 17.01 LEGAL rn : 16325
systematic name:2-Propanol
common name :2-propanol
reported name :ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL
cas no :67-63-0 rtecs no :NT8050000
area : ITA type : REC
--------------------------------
|subject|specification|descriptor|
|-------+-------------+----------|
| AIR | OCC | TLV |
--------------------------------
500MG/M3 (200PPM) (SKIN ABSORPTION)
entry date: MCH 1985
original : ILO , , , , ,
amendment: TLVIT*, VALORI LIMITE PONDERATI(APPRAISED LIMIT VALUES), , ,
*******
File: 17.01 LEGAL rn : 16707
systematic name:2-Propanol
common name :2-propanol
reported name :ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL
cas no :67-63-0 rtecs no :NT8050000
area : NLD type : REC
--------------------------------
|subject|specification|descriptor|
|-------+-------------+----------|
| AIR | OCC | MXL |
--------------------------------
TWA: 980MG/M3 (400PPM) (SKIN ABSORPTION)
entry date: JUN 1987
original : ILO , , , , ,
amendment: NMACN*, NATIONALE MAC-LIST(NATIONAL MAC-LIST), , , , 1986
*******
File: 17.01 LEGAL rn : 17374
systematic name:2-Propanol
common name :2-propanol
reported name :ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL
cas no :67-63-0 rtecs no :NT8050000
area : ROM type : REG
--------------------------------
|subject|specification|descriptor|
|-------+-------------+----------|
| AIR | OCC | MPC |
--------------------------------
TWA: 400MG/M3; CLV: 600MG/M3
entry date: MCH 1985
original : ILO , , , , ,
amendment: OMHRO*, ORDINANCE OF THE MINISTRY OF HEALTH, 60 , , , 1975
100 UNEP Publications
OECD SIDS 2-PROPANOL
*******
File: 17.01 LEGAL rn : 17824
systematic name:2-Propanol
common name :2-propanol
reported name :ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL
cas no :67-63-0 rtecs no :NT8050000
area : CHE type : REG
--------------------------------
|subject|specification|descriptor|
|-------+-------------+----------|
| AIR | OCC | MAK |
--------------------------------
TWA: 980MG/M3 (400PPM)
entry date: DEC 1987
original : ILO , , , , ,
amendment: ZWACH*, ZULAESSIGE WERTE AM ARBEITSPLATZ(PERMITTED VALUES IN
THE WORKPLACE), , , , 1987
*******
File: 17.01 LEGAL rn : 18341
systematic name:2-Propanol
common name :2-propanol
reported name :ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL
cas no :67-63-0 rtecs no :NT8050000
area : YUG type : REG
--------------------------------
|subject|specification|descriptor|
|-------+-------------+----------|
| AIR | OCC | MAC |
--------------------------------
TWA: 980MG/M3 (400PPM)
entry date: MCH 1985
original : ILO , , , , ,
amendment: ORYUG*, ORDINANCE, 24-3698/1 , , , 1971
*******
File: 17.01 LEGAL rn : 50882
systematic name:2-Propanol
common name :2-propanol
reported name :2-Propanol
cas no :67-63-0 rtecs no :NT8050000
area : IMO type : REG
--------------------------------
|subject|specification|descriptor|
|-------+-------------+----------|
| AQ | EMI | PRMT |
| AQ | MARIN | PRMT |
--------------------------------
UNEP Publications 101
OECD SIDS 2-PROPANOL
This substance is presently considered to present no harm to human
health, marine re sources, amenities or other legitimats uses of the sea
when discharged into the sea from tank cleaning or deballasting
operations (applies to n-propyl alcohol)
entry date: APR 1993
original : IMODC*, , , , , 1992
*******
File: 17.01 LEGAL rn : 100030
systematic name:2-Propanol
common name :2-propanol
reported name :ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL
cas no :67-63-0 rtecs no :NT8050000
area : ARG type : REG
--------------------------------
|subject|specification|descriptor|
|-------+-------------+----------|
| AIR | OCC | MPC |
--------------------------------
8H-TWA: 980MG/M3 (400PPM); 15MIN-STEL: 1225MG/M3 (500PPM) (MAXIMUM 4
TIMES/DAY WITH INTERVALS OF AT LEAST 60 MINUTES).
entry date: OCT 1991 effective date: 29MAY1991
title: LIMIT VALUES FOR CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES IN THE WORKING
ENVIRONMENT-RESOLUTION NO. 444/1991 OF THE MINISTRY OF WORK AND SOCIAL
SECURITY (AMENDING REGULATION DECREE NO. 351/1979 UNDER LAW NO.
19587/1972: HYGIENE AND SAFETY AT WORK)
original : ARGOB*, Boletin Oficial de la Republica Argentina(Argentinian
Official Bulletin), 24170 , I , 1 , 1979
amendment: ARGOB*, Boletin Oficial de la Republica Argentina(Argentinian
Official Bulletin), 27145 , I , 4 , 1991
*******
File: 17.01 LEGAL rn : 300124
systematic name:2-Propanol
common name :2-propanol
reported name :ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL
cas no :67-63-0 rtecs no :NT8050000
area : CAN type : REG
--------------------------------
|subject|specification|descriptor|
|-------+-------------+----------|
| AIR | OCC | TLV |
--------------------------------
TWA: 400 PPM, 980 MG/M3; STEL: 500 PPM, 1,225 MG/M3. PRESCRIBED BY THE
CANADA OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS, UNDER THE CANADA
LABOUR CODE (ADMINISTERED BYTHE DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR). THE REGULATIONS
STATE THAT NO EMPLOYEE SHALL BE EXPOSED TO A CONCENTRATION OF AN
AIRBORNE CHEMICAL AGENT IN EXCESS OF THE VALUE FOR THAT CHEMICAL AGENT
ADOPTED BY ACGIH (AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL
HYGIENISTS) IN ITSPUBLICATION ENTITLED: "THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUE AND
BIOLOGICAL EXPOSURE INDICES FOR 1985-86".
entry date: MCH 1991 effective date: 13MCH1986
amendment: CAGGAK, , 120 , 6 , 1105 ,
102 UNEP Publications
OECD SIDS 2-PROPANOL
*******
File: 17.01 LEGAL rn : 300832
systematic name:2-Propanol
common name :2-propanol
reported name :ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL
cas no :67-63-0 rtecs no :NT8050000
area : CAN type : REG
--------------------------------
|subject|specification|descriptor|
|-------+-------------+----------|
| PACK | AGRIC | CLASS |
| LABEL | PESTI | |
| USE | | |
--------------------------------
HISTORICAL STATUS. DATE OF LAST OCCURRENCE: 1988. CODE IAL. THE PEST
CONTROL PRODUCTS ACT AND REGULATIONS ARE ADMINISTERED BY THE DEPARTMENT
OF AGRICULTURE. THEY ESTABLISH A REGISTRATION, CLASSIFICATION, PACKAGING
AND LABELLING SYSTEM FOR PEST CONTROL PRODUCTS. ONLY PEST CONTROL
PRODUCTS THAT ARE CURRENTLYREGISTERED WITH THE DEPARTMENT OF
AGRICULTUREAND PRODUCTS THAT HAVE BEEN REMOVED FROM THATLIST SINCE 1983
ARE INCLUDED; OTHER HISTORICAL RECORDS ARE NOT.
entry date: JUN 1991 effective date: 11AUG1988
amendment: CAGAAK, Canada Gazette Part II, 122 , 18 , 3601 ,
*******
File: 17.01 LEGAL rn : 302142
systematic name:2-Propanol
common name :2-propanol
reported name :ISOPROPANOL
cas no :67-63-0 rtecs no :NT8050000
area : CAN type : REG
--------------------------------
|subject|specification|descriptor|
|-------+-------------+----------|
| TRNSP | | CLASS |
| LABEL | | RQR |
| PACK | | |
--------------------------------
PIN (PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION NO.): UN1219. CLASS (3.2): FLAMMABLE LIQUID.
PACKING GROUPII, (I=GREAT DANGER,III=MINOR DANGER). MAXIMUM AMOUNT PER
PACKAGE THAT MAY BE TRANSPORTED ON A PASSENGER AIRCRAFT OR VEHICLE: 5 L.
MAXIMUM AMOUNT PER PACKAGE THAT MAY BE TRANSPORTED ON A CARGO AIRCRAFT:
60 L. PRESCRIBED BY THE TRANSPORTATION OF DANGEROUS GOODS REGULATIONS,
UNDER THE TRANSPORTATION OF DANGEROUS GOODS ACT (ADMINISTERED BY THE
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORT). THE ACT AND REGULATIONS ARE INTENDED TO
PROMOTE SAFETY IN THE TRANSPORTATION OF DANGEROUS GOODS IN CANADA, AS
WELL AS PROVIDE ONE COMPREHENSIVE SET OF RULES APPLICABLE TO ALL MODES
OF TRANSPORT ACCROSS CANADA. THESE ARE BASED ON UNITED NATIONS
RECOMMENDATIONS. THE ACT AND REGULATIONS SHOULD BE CONSULTED FOR
DETAILS. RECORDS ARE ENTERED UNDER THE PROPER SHIPPINGNAME FOUND IN THE
REGULATIONS; THIS MAY INCLUDE VERY GENERAL GROUPS OF CHEMICAL
SUBSTANCES.
entry date: OCT 1991 effective date: 06DEC1990
amendment: CAGAAK, Canada Gazette Part II, 124 , 26 , ,
UNEP Publications 103
OECD SIDS 2-PROPANOL
*******
File: 17.01 LEGAL rn : 303389
systematic name:2-Propanol
common name :2-propanol
reported name :ISOPROPANOL
cas no :67-63-0 rtecs no :NT8050000
area : CAN type : REG
--------------------------------
|subject|specification|descriptor|
|-------+-------------+----------|
| USE | OCC | RQR |
| STORE | | |
| LABEL | | |
--------------------------------
INGREDIENT DISCLOSURE LIST CONCENTRATION 1% WEIGHT/WEIGHT. THE WORKPLACE
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS INFORMATION SYSTEM (WHMIS) IS A NATIONAL SYSTEM TO
PROVIDE INFORMATION ON HAZARDOUS MATERIALS USED IN THE WORKPLACE. WHMIS
IS IMPLEMENTED BY THE HAZARDOUS PRODUCTS ACT AND THE CONTROLLED PRODUCTS
REGULATIONS (ADMINISTERED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF CONSUMER AND CORPORATE
AFFAIRS). THE REGULATIONS IMPOSE STANDARDS ON EMPLOYERS FORTHE USE,
STORAGE AND HANDLING OF CONTROLLED PRODUCTS AND ADDRESS LABELLING AND
IDENTIFICATION, EMPLOYEE INSTRUCTION AND TRAINING, AS WELL AS THE UPKEEP
OF A MATERIALS SAFETY DATA SHEET (MSDS). THE PRESENCE IN A CONTROLLED
PRODUCT OF AN INGREDIENT IN A CONCENTRATION EQUAL TO OR GREATER THAN
SPECIFIED IN THE INGREDIENT DISCLOSURE LIST MUST BE DISCLOSED IN THE
SAFETY DATA SHEET.
entry date: APR 1991 effective date: 31DEC1987
amendment: CAGAAK, Canada Gazette Part II, 122 , 2 , 551 ,
*******
File: 17.01 LEGAL rn : 401113
systematic name:2-Propanol
common name :2-propanol
reported name :ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL
cas no :67-63-0 rtecs no :NT8050000
area : CSK type : REG
--------------------------------
|subject|specification|descriptor|
|-------+-------------+----------|
| FOOD | | MPC |
--------------------------------
LIMIT OF ADDITIVE PRESENT DUE TO PRODUCTION, PACKING, TRANSPORT AND
STORAGE OF FOOD PRODUCTS: 5G/KG.
entry date: DEC 1991 effective date: 1JUL1986
title: DIRECTIVE NO. 50/1978 ON FOREIGN SUBSTANCES IN FOODSTUFFS
original : HPMZC*, HYGIENICKE PREDPISY MINISTERSTVA ZDRAVOTNICTVI
CSR(HYGIENIC REGULATIONS OF MINISTRY OF HEALTH OF CSR), 43 ,
, , 1978
amendment: HPMZC*, HYGIENICKE PREDPISY MINISTERSTVA ZDRAVOTNICTVI
CSR(HYGIENIC REGULATIONS OF MINISTRY OF HEALTH OF CSR), 61 ,
, , 1986
*******
104 UNEP Publications
OECD SIDS 2-PROPANOL
File: 17.01 LEGAL rn : 402145
systematic name:2-Propanol
common name :2-propanol
reported name :ISOPROPANOL
cas no :67-63-0 rtecs no :NT8050000
area : CSK type : REG
--------------------------------
|subject|specification|descriptor|
|-------+-------------+----------|
| MANUF | OCC | CLASS |
| | | RQR |
| | | RSTR |
--------------------------------
PRODUCTION OF ISOPROPANOL BY SULFONATION IS CLASSIFIED AS PROCESS WITH
OCCUPATIONAL CARCINOGENIC RISK. REQUIREMENTS AND RESTRICTIONS ON THE
PROCESS ARE GIVEN.
entry date: DEC 1991 effective date: 1APR1985
title: DIRECTIVE NO. 4/1985 ON HYGIENIC PRINCIPLES FOR WORK WITH
CHEMICAL CARCINOGENS
original : VMZSR*, Directive no 4/1985 on hygiene principles for work
with chemicalcarcinogens, , 3 , , 1985
amendment: VMZSR*, Directive no 4/1985 on hygiene principles for work
with chemicalcarcinogens, , 10 , 98 , 1990
*******
File: 17.01 LEGAL rn : 500482
systematic name:2-Propanol
common name :2-propanol
reported name :ISOPROPANOL
cas no :67-63-0 rtecs no :NT8050000
area : DEU type : REC
--------------------------------
|subject|specification|descriptor|
|-------+-------------+----------|
| AQ | | CLASS |
| USE | INDST | RQR |
--------------------------------
THIS SUBSTANCE IS CLASSIFIED AS SLIGHTLY HAZARDOUS TO WATER
(WATER-HAZARD CLASS: WGK 1). (THE DIFFERENT CLASSES ARE: WGK 3 = VERY
HAZARDOUS; WGK 2 = HAZARDOUS; WGK 1 = SLIGHTLY HAZARDOUS; WGK 0 = IN
GENERAL NOT HAZARDOUS.) THE CLASSIFICATION FORMS THE BASIS FOR
WATER-PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS FOR INDUSTRIAL PLANTS IN WHICH
WATER-HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES ARE HANDLED.
entry date: DEC 1991
title: ADMINISTRATIVE RULES CONCERNING WATER-HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES
(VERWALTUNGSVORSCHRIFT WASSERGEFAEHRDENDE STOFFE)
original : GMSMA6, Gemeinsames Ministerialblatt. Joint Ministerial
Papers, , 8 , 114 , 1990
*******
File: 17.01 LEGAL rn : 502805
systematic name:2-Propanol
common name :2-propanol
reported name :ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL
cas no :67-63-0 rtecs no :NT8050000
UNEP Publications 105
OECD SIDS 2-PROPANOL
area : DEU type : REC
--------------------------------
|subject|specification|descriptor|
|-------+-------------+----------|
| AIR | OCC | MAK |
--------------------------------
8H-TWA: 400 ML/M3 (PPM); 980 MG/M3 (20C, 101.3 KPA). SUBSTANCE WITH
SYSTEMIC EFFECTS. ONSET OF EFFECT <= 2H. HALF-LIFE < 2H. 30MIN-STEL: 800
ML/M3 (PPM); 1960 MG/M3; AVERAGE VALUE; 4X/SHIFT. PREGNANCY GROUP D:
AVAILABLE DATA ARE NOT SUFFICIENT FOR A FINAL EVALUATION WITH REGARD TO
EMBRYOTOXIC AND/OR FETOTOXIC EFFECTS. VAPOUR PRESSURE: 4.0 KPA AT 20C.
entry date: JAN 1992
title: MAXIMUM CONCENTRATIONS AT THE WORKPLACE AND BIOLOGICAL TOLERANCE
VALUES FOR WORKING MATERIALS (MAXIMALE ARBEITSPLATZKONZENTRATIONEN UND
BIOLOGISCHE ARBEITSSTOFFTOLERANZWERTE)
original : MPGFDF, MITTEILUNG DER SENATSKOMMISSION ZUR PRUEFUNG
GESUNDHEITSSCHAEDLICHER ARBEITSSTOFFE (DEUTSCHE
FORSCHUNGSGEMEINSCHAFT), XXVII , , 17 , 1991
*******
File: 17.01 LEGAL rn : 503265
systematic name:2-Propanol
common name :2-propanol
reported name :ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL
cas no :67-63-0 rtecs no :NT8050000
area : DEU type : REC
--------------------------------
|subject|specification|descriptor|
|-------+-------------+----------|
| AIR | OCC | BAT |
--------------------------------
BLOOD: 50 MG/L, AS ACETONE. URINE: 50 MG/L, AS ACETONE. SAMPLING TIME:
END OF EXPOSURE OR END OF SHIFT.
entry date: FEB 1992
title: MAXIMUM CONCENTRATIONS AT THE WORKPLACE AND BIOLOGICAL TOLERANCE
VALUES FOR WORKING MATERIALS (MAXIMALE ARBEITSPLATZKONZENTRATIONEN UND
BIOLOGISCHE ARBEITSSTOFFTOLERANZWERTE)
original : MPGFDF, MITTEILUNG DER SENATSKOMMISSION ZUR PRUEFUNG
GESUNDHEITSSCHAEDLICHER ARBEITSSTOFFE (DEUTSCHE
FORSCHUNGSGEMEINSCHAFT), XXVII , , 99 , 1991
*******
File: 17.01 LEGAL rn : 613032
systematic name:2-Propanol
common name :2-propanol
reported name :ISOPROPANOL
cas no :67-63-0 rtecs no :NT8050000
area : GBR type : REG
--------------------------------
|subject|specification|descriptor|
|-------+-------------+----------|
| TRNSP | | CLASS |
| LABEL | | RQR |
--------------------------------
106 UNEP Publications
OECD SIDS 2-PROPANOL
LABELLING OF ROAD TANKERS: FLAMMABLE LIQUID. EMERGENCY ACTION CODE:
2(S)E
entry date: JAN 1983 effective date: 28MCH1979
title: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES (LABELLING OF ROAD TANKERS) REGULATIONS 1978
original : GBRSI*, STATUTORY INSTRUMENTS, 1702 , , , 1978
*******
File: 17.01 LEGAL rn : 650703
systematic name:2-Propanol
common name :2-propanol
reported name :ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL
cas no :67-63-0 rtecs no :NT8050000
area : GBR type : REG
--------------------------------
|subject|specification|descriptor|
|-------+-------------+----------|
| TRNSP | MARIN | RQR |
| AQ | MARIN | RQR |
| AQ | EMI | RQR |
--------------------------------
CLASSIFIED AS A NON-POLLUTING LIQUID SUBSTANCE. DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE OF
ASSESSMENT AND APPROVAL REQUIRED BY A CARRIER. DISCHARGE INTO THE SEA IS
NOT PROHIBITED.
entry date: 1992 effective date: 06APR1987
title: THE MERCHANT SHIPPING (CONTROL OF POLLUTION BY NOXIOUS LIQUID
SUBSTANCES IN BULK) REGULATIONS 1987, SCHEDULE 2
original : GBRSI*, STATUTORY INSTRUMENTS, 551 , , 15 , 1987
amendment: GBRSI*, STATUTORY INSTRUMENTS, 2604 , , 2 , 1990
*******
File: 17.01 LEGAL rn : 800152
systematic name:2-Propanol
common name :2-propanol
reported name :ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL
cas no :67-63-0 rtecs no :NT8050000
area : JPN type : REC
--------------------------------
|subject|specification|descriptor|
|-------+-------------+----------|
| AIR | OCC | MAC |
--------------------------------
CLV: 980MG/M3 (400PPM). TENTATIVE VALUE.
entry date: DEC 1991
title: MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE CONCENTRATIONS RECOMMENDED BY THE JAPANESE
ASSOCIATION OF INDUSTRIAL HEALTH.
original : SAIGBL, Sangyo Igalu (Japanese Journal of Industrial Health),
33 , 4 , 277-287 , 1991
*******
File: 17.01 LEGAL rn : 911959
systematic name:2-Propanol
UNEP Publications 107
OECD SIDS 2-PROPANOL
common name :2-propanol
reported name :ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL
cas no :67-63-0 rtecs no :NT8050000
area : KEN type : REG
--------------------------------
|subject|specification|descriptor|
|-------+-------------+----------|
| FOOD | ADDIT | PRMT |
--------------------------------
FOOD ADDITIVE PERMITTED FOR EXTRACTING MOISTURE, FAT AND OTHER SOLUBLE
COMPONENTS FROM FISH. FOOD PRODUCTS IN OR UPON WHICH IT IS PERMITTED AND
MAXIUM LEVELS OF USE ARE LISTED
entry date: SEP 1982
title: THE FOOD, DRUGS AND CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES (FOOD LABELLING,
ADDITIVES AND STANDARDS) REGULATIONS, 1978
original : GSKEN*, KENYA GAZETTE SUPPLEMENT NO. 40, SPECIAL ISSUE
(LEGISLATIVE SUPPLEMENT NO. 27), 40 , , 363 , 1978
*******
File: 17.01 LEGAL rn : 1010068
systematic name:2-Propanol
common name :2-propanol
reported name :ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL
cas no :67-63-0 rtecs no :NT8050000
area : MEX type : REG
--------------------------------
|subject|specification|descriptor|
|-------+-------------+----------|
| AIR | OCC | MXL |
--------------------------------
AT ANY WORKPLACE WHERE THIS SUBSTANCE IS PRODUCED, STORED OR HANDLED A
MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE LEVEL OF 980MG/M3 (400PPM) MUST BE OBSERVED FOR A
PERIOD OF 8 HOURS OR 1225MG/M3 (500PPM) FOR 15 MINUTES FOUR TIMES A DAY
WITH INTERVALS OF A LEAST 1 HOUR.
entry date: DEC 1991 effective date: 28MAY1984
title: INSTRUCTION NO.10 RELATED TO SECURITY AND HYGIENIC CONDITIONS AT
WORKPLACES. (INSTRUCTIVO NO. 10, RELATIVO A LAS CONDICIONES DE SEGURIDAD
E HIGIENE DE LOS CENTROS DE TRABAJO).
original : DOMEX*, Diario Oficial, , , , 1984
amendment: DOMEX*, Diario Oficial, , , , 1989
*******
File: 17.01 LEGAL rn : 1122015
systematic name:2-Propanol
common name :2-propanol
reported name :ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL
cas no :67-63-0 rtecs no :NT8050000
area : RUS type : REG
--------------------------------
|subject|specification|descriptor|
|-------+-------------+----------|
| AIR | AMBI | MAC |
--------------------------------
0.6MG/M3 1X/D, 0.6MG/M3 AV/D.
entry date: SEP 1985 effective date: AUG1984
108 UNEP Publications
OECD SIDS 2-PROPANOL
amendment: PDKAV*, PREDELNO DOPUSTIMYE KONTSENTRATSII (PDK)
ZAGRYAZNYAYUSHCHIKH VESHCHESTV V ATMOSFERNOM VOZDUKHE
NASELENNYKH MEST (MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE CONCENTRATIONS (MAC) OF
CONTAMINANTS IN THE AMBIENT AIR OF RESIDENTIAL AREAS),
3086-84 , , , 1984
*******
File: 17.01 LEGAL rn : 1122514
systematic name:2-Propanol
common name :2-propanol
reported name :ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL
cas no :67-63-0 rtecs no :NT8050000
area : RUS type : REG
--------------------------------
|subject|specification|descriptor|
|-------+-------------+----------|
| AIR | OCC | MAC |
| | | CLASS |
--------------------------------
CLV: 10.0MG/M3 (VAPOUR) HAZARD CLASS: III
entry date: MAY 1990 effective date: 01JAN1989
amendment: GOSTS*, GOSUDARSTVENNYI STANDART SSSR(STATE STANDARD OF
USSR), 12.1.005 , , , 1988
*******
File: 17.01 LEGAL rn : 1123251
systematic name:2-Propanol
common name :2-propanol
reported name :ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL
cas no :67-63-0 rtecs no :NT8050000
area : RUS type : REG
--------------------------------
|subject|specification|descriptor|
|-------+-------------+----------|
| AQ | SURF | MAC |
| | | CLASS |
--------------------------------
0.25MG/L HAZARD CLASS: IV
entry date: JUL 1990 effective date: 1JAN1989
amendment: SPNPV*, SANITARNYE PRAVILA I NORMY OKHRANY POVERKHNOSTNYKH
VOD OT ZAGRIAZNENIA (HEALTH REGULATION AND STANDARDS OF
SURFACE WATER PROTECTION FROM CONTAMINATION), 4630-88 , , ,
1988
*******
File: 17.01 LEGAL rn : 1200149
systematic name:2-Propanol
common name :2-propanol
reported name :ISOPROPANOL
cas no :67-63-0 rtecs no :NT8050000
UNEP Publications 109
OECD SIDS 2-PROPANOL
area : SWE type : REG
--------------------------------
|subject|specification|descriptor|
|-------+-------------+----------|
| AIR | OCC | HLV |
--------------------------------
1D-TWA: 350MG/M3 (150PPM); 15MIN-STEL: 600MG/M3 (250PPM). (APPLIES TO
ALL ISOMERS OF PROPANOL).
entry date: 1992 effective date: 01JUL1991
title: HYGIENIC LIMIT VALUES.
original : AFS***, ARBETARSKYDDSSTYRELSENS FOERFATTNINGSSAMLING, 1990:13
, , 5-64 , 1990
*******
File: 17.01 LEGAL rn : 1301002
systematic name:2-Propanol
common name :2-propanol
reported name :2-Propanol
cas no :67-63-0 rtecs no :NT8050000
area : USA type : REG
--------------------------------
|subject|specification|descriptor|
|-------+-------------+----------|
| MANUF | REQ | PRMT |
| USE | OCC | PRMT |
| SAFTY | OCC | MXL |
--------------------------------
; Summary - THE FOLLOWING CHEMICAL IS INCLUDED ON A LIST OF CHEMICALS
AND MIXTURES FOR WHICH REPORTING IS CURRENTLY REQUIRED UNDER THE TOXIC
SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT SECTION 2607A. THIS TOXIC SUBSTANCE IS SUBJECT TO
PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT INFORMATION RULES ON PRODUCT ION QUANTITIES,
USES, EXPOSURES, AND ADVERSE EFFECTS. MANUFACTURERS INCLUDING IMPORTERS
MUST SUBMIT A REPORT FOR THIS LISTED CHEMICAL MANUFACTURED AT EACH SITE.
entry date: OCT 1991 effective date: 1982
title: PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT INFORMATION RULES
original : FEREAC, Federal Register, 47 , , 26998 , 1982
amendment: CFRUS*, Code of Federal Regulations, 40 , 712 , 30 , 1990
*******
File: 17.01 LEGAL rn : 1302342
systematic name:2-Propanol
common name :2-propanol
reported name :ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL
cas no :67-63-0 rtecs no :NT8050000
area : USA type : REG
--------------------------------
|subject|specification|descriptor|
|-------+-------------+----------|
| FOOD | ADDIT | RSTR |
| TRANS | | RSTR |
| STORE | | RSTR |
| PACK | | RSTR |
--------------------------------
; Summary - THIS SUBSTANCE IS INCLUDED ON A LIST OF SUBSTANCES USED TO
PREPARE ADHESIVES WHICH MAY BE SAFELY USED AS COMPONENTS OF ARTICLES
INTENDED FOR USE IN PACKAGING, TRANSPORTATION, OR HOLDING FOOD IN
110 UNEP Publications
OECD SIDS 2-PROPANOL
ACCORDANCE WITH THE FOLLOWING PRESCRIBED CONDITIONS: SUBSTA NCE MUST BE
SEPARATED FROM THE FOOD BY A FUNCTIONAL BARRIER, MUST NOT EXCEED LIMITS
OF GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICE USED WITH DRY FOODS, OR NOT EXCEED TRACE
AMOUNTS AT SEAMS AND EDGE EXPOSURES WHEN USED WITH FATTY AND AQUEOUS
FOODS. ALSO REGULATED BY SEA M INTEGRITY, LABELING STANDARDS, AND ANY
PROVISION UNDER 21 CFR 175
entry date: NOV 1991 effective date: 1977
title: SUBSTANCES FOR USE ONLY AS COMPONENTS OF ADHESIVES
original : FEREAC, Federal Register, 42 , , 14534 , 1977
amendment: CFRUS*, Code of Federal Regulations, 21 , 175 , 105 , 1988
*******
File: 17.01 LEGAL rn : 1314568
systematic name:2-Propanol
common name :2-propanol
reported name :ISOPROPANOL
cas no :67-63-0 rtecs no :NT8050000
area : USA type : REG
--------------------------------
|subject|specification|descriptor|
|-------+-------------+----------|
| TRNSP | | PRMT |
| PACK | | CNTRL |
| LABEL | | RQR |
--------------------------------
MAY BE TRANSPORTED IN PASSENGER AIRCRAFT AND PASSENGER RAILCAR NOT TO
EXCEED 1 QUART/PACKAGE. MAY BE TRANSPORTED IN CARGO AIRCRAFT NOT TO
EXCEED 10 GALLONS/PACKAGE. MAY BE TRANSPORTED IN CARGO VESSELS ON AND
BELOW DECK AND IN PASSENGER VESSELS ON DECK. ALL SHIPMENTS MUST BE
LABELED FLAMMABLE LIQUID.; Summary - THIS REGULATION LISTS AND
CLASSIFIES THOSE MATERIALS WHICH THE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION HAS
DESIGNATED AS HAZARDOUS MATERIALS FOR SHIPPING PAPERS, PACKAGE MARKING,
LABELING, AND TRANSPORT VEHICLE PLACARDING APPLICABLE TO THE SHIPMENT
AND TRANSPORT OF THOSE HAZARDOUS MATERIALS.
entry date: NOV 1991 effective date: OCT1991
title: HAZARDOUS MATERIALS REGULATIONS, PART 172--HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
TABLES AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS COMMUNICATIONS REGULATIONS
original : CFRUS*, Code of Federal Regulations, 49 , 172 , 101 , 1984
amendment: CFRUS*, Code of Federal Regulations, 49 , 172 , 101 , 1990
*******
File: 17.01 LEGAL rn : 1323007
systematic name:2-Propanol
common name :2-propanol
reported name :ISOPROPANOL
cas no :67-63-0 rtecs no :NT8050000
area : USA type : REG
--------------------------------
|subject|specification|descriptor|
|-------+-------------+----------|
| CLASS | PESTI | RQR |
| MANUF | PESTI | PRMT |
| FOOD | ADDIT | RQR |
--------------------------------
CASE NAME ALIPHATIC ALCOHOLS, C1-C5; Summary - THIS SUBSTANCE IS
UNEP Publications 111
OECD SIDS 2-PROPANOL
INCLUDED ON A LIST OF ACTIVE INGREDIENTS CONTAINED IN A PRODUCT FIRST
REGISTERED BEFORE NOVEMBER 1, 1984, FOR WHICH A REGISTRATION STANDARD
HAS NOT BEEN ISSUED. PUBLICATION OF THIS LIST INITIATES AN ACCELERATED
REREGISTRATION AND DATA C ALL-IN FOR PRODUCTS CONTAINING THE LISTED
ACTIVE INGREDIENTS.
entry date: JAN 1992 effective date: 1989
title: FEDERAL INSECTICIDE, FUNGICIDE, AND RODENTICIDE ACT PESTICIDES
REQUIRED TO BE REREGISTERED; LIST D
original : FEREAC, Federal Register, 54 , 204 , 43388 , 1989
amendment: FEREAC, Federal Register, 54 , 204 , 43388 , 1989
*******
File: 17.01 LEGAL rn : 1325037
systematic name:2-Propanol
common name :2-propanol
reported name :ISOPROPANOL
cas no :67-63-0 rtecs no :NT8050000
area : USA type : REC
--------------------------------
|subject|specification|descriptor|
|-------+-------------+----------|
| SAFTY | OCC | MXL |
| USE | OCC | MXL |
--------------------------------
12000 PPM
entry date: OCT 1991 effective date: JUN1990
title: POCKET GUIDE TO CHEMICAL HAZARDS
original : XPHPAW, US PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE PUBLICATION, 90 , 117 , 132
, 1990
amendment: XPHPAW, US PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE PUBLICATION, 90 , 117 , 132
, 1990
*******
File: 17.01 LEGAL rn : 1336031
systematic name:2-Propanol
common name :2-propanol
reported name :2-Propanol
cas no :67-63-0 rtecs no :NT8050000
area : USA type : REG
--------------------------------
|subject|specification|descriptor|
|-------+-------------+----------|
| AIR | EMI | RQR |
| SOIL | EMI | RQR |
| AQ | EMI | RQR |
| MANUF | EMI | RQR |
--------------------------------
; Summary - FACILITIES THAT EXCEEDED A MANUFACTURING, IMPORTATION, OR
PROCESSING THRESHOLD OF 25,000 LBS OR THE USE OF 10,000 LBS FOR THIS
CHEMICAL MUST REPORT TO EPA ANY RELEASES OF THE CHEMICAL (OR CATEGORY
CHEMICAL) TO AIR, LAND, WATER, POTW, UNDERGROUND INJECTIO N, OR OFF SITE
TRANSFER. THIS REGULATION COVERS STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION
112 UNEP Publications
OECD SIDS 2-PROPANOL
(SIC) CODES 20-39 ONLY).
entry date: OCT 1991 effective date: 1987
title: SUPERFUND AMENDMENTS AND REAUTHORIZATION ACT, TITLE III. EPCRA
SECTION 313 LIST OF TOXIC SUBSTANCES
original : CFRUS*, Code of Federal Regulations, 40 , 372 , 65 , 1988
amendment: CFRUS*, Code of Federal Regulations, 40 , 372 , 65 , 1988
*******
File: 17.01 LEGAL rn : 1340603
systematic name:2-Propanol
common name :2-propanol
reported name :ISOPROPANOL
cas no :67-63-0 rtecs no :NT8050000
area : USA type : REC
--------------------------------
|subject|specification|descriptor|
|-------+-------------+----------|
| AIR | OCC | TLV |
--------------------------------
Time Weighted Avg (TWA) 400 ppm, 985 MG/M3; Short Term Exposure Limit
(STEL) 500 ppm, 1230 MG/M3; Summary - THIS THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUE IS
INTENDED FOR USE IN THE PRACTICE OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE AS A GUIDELINE OR
RECOMMENDATION IN THE CONTROL OF POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS.
entry date: DEC 1991 effective date: 1989
title: THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUES
original : ACGIH*, Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure
Indices, , , 11 , 1989
amendment: ACGIH*, Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure
Indices, , , 11 , 1991
*******
File: 17.01 LEGAL rn : 1345002
systematic name:2-Propanol
common name :2-propanol
reported name :2-Propanol
cas no :67-63-0 rtecs no :NT8050000
area : USA type : REG
--------------------------------
|subject|specification|descriptor|
|-------+-------------+----------|
| MONIT | | RQR |
--------------------------------
; Summary - THIS IS A CHEMICAL OR MIXTURE FOR WHICH REPORTING IS
CURRENTLY REQUIRED UNDER THE TOXIC SUBSTANCE CONTROL ACT HEALTH AND
SAFETY STUDIES SECTION 2607D. PERSONS WHO CURRENTLY MANUFACTURE OR
PROCESS CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES OR MIXTURES FOR COMMERCIAL PURPOSES, THOSE
WHO PROPOSE TO DO SO, AND THOSE WHO ARE NOT CURRENTLY INVOLVED WITH A
LISTED CHEMICAL BUT WHO MANUFACTURED OR PROCESSED IT OR PROPOSED TO DO
SO ANY TIME DURING THE TEN YEAR PERIOD PRIOR TO THE TIME IT BECAME
LISTED MUST SUBMIT TO THE ADMINISTRATOR OF THE U.S. EPA STUDIES OR LISTS
OF HEALTH AND SAFETY STUDIES CONDUCTED ON THIS SUBSTANCE FOR EVALUATION.
entry date: OCT 1991 effective date: 1986
title: HEALTH AND SAFETY DATA REPORTING RULES SECTION 8(D)
original : FEREAC, Federal Register, 51 , , 32726 , 1986
UNEP Publications 113
OECD SIDS 2-PROPANOL
amendment: CFRUS*, Code of Federal Regulations, 40 , 716 , 120 , 1990
*******
File: 17.01 LEGAL rn : 1346073
systematic name:2-Propanol
common name :2-propanol
reported name :ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL
cas no :67-63-0 rtecs no :NT8050000
area : USA type : REG
--------------------------------
|subject|specification|descriptor|
|-------+-------------+----------|
| FOOD | ADDIT | RSTR |
| PACK | ADDIT | RSTR |
| MANUF | ADDIT | GL |
| USE | | RSTR |
--------------------------------
; Summary - THIS SUBSTANCE INCLUDED ON A LIST OF SUBSTANCES USED TO
PREPARE BASE SHEET OR COATING SUBSTANCES FOR CELLOPHANE MUST BE OF A
GRADE OF PURITY SUITABLE FOR USE IN FOOD PACKAGING TO IMPART THE DESIRED
TECHNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES. ACRYLONITRILE COPOLYMER SUBST ANCES MUST ABIDE
UNDER THE CONDITIONS GIVEN IN 21 CFR 180.22 1988.
entry date: NOV 1991 effective date: 1977
title: INDIRECT FOOD ADDITIVES; POLYMERS-CELLOPHANE.
original : FEREAC, Federal Register, 42 , , 14572 , 1977
amendment: CFRUS*, Code of Federal Regulations, 21 , 177 , 1200 , 1988
*******
File: 17.01 LEGAL rn : 1400094
systematic name:2-Propanol
common name :2-propanol
reported name :ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL
cas no :67-63-0 rtecs no :NT8050000
area : EEC type : REG
--------------------------------
|subject|specification|descriptor|
|-------+-------------+----------|
| FOOD | ADDIT | PRMT |
--------------------------------
THIS SUBSTANCE MAY BE USED AS A DILUTANT OR SOLVENT FOR COLOURING
MATTERS AUTHORIZED FOR USE IN FOODSTUFFS INTENDED FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION.
entry date: FEB 1986
title: COUNCIL DIRECTIVE ON THE APPROXIMATION OF THE RULES OF THE MEMBER
STATES CONCERNING THE COLOURING MATTERS AUTHORISED FOR USE IN FOODSTUFFS
INTENDED FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION.
original : OJEC**, Official Journal of the European (Communities)/Union,
115 , , 2645/62 , 1962
amendment: OJEC**, Official Journal of the European (Communities)/Union,
L43 , , 11 , 1981
*******
File: 17.01 LEGAL rn : 1402098
systematic name:2-Propanol
common name :2-propanol
114 UNEP Publications
OECD SIDS 2-PROPANOL
reported name :ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL
cas no :67-63-0 rtecs no :NT8050000
area : EEC type : REG
--------------------------------
|subject|specification|descriptor|
|-------+-------------+----------|
| FOOD | | RQR |
| FOOD | | MXL |
| FOOD | | RSTR |
--------------------------------
THE SUBSTANCE MAY BE USED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF REGENERATED CELLULOSE
FILM WHICH IS INTENDED TO OR DOES COME INTO CONTACT WITH FOODSTUFFS. IT
MAY BY USED AS SOLVENT; MAXIMUM TOTAL QUANTITY OF ALL SOLVENTS:
0.6MG/DM2 ON THE SIDE IN CONTACT WITH FOODSTUFFS.
entry date: OCT 1987 effective date: 01APR1987
title: COUNCIL DIRECTIVE OF 25 APRIL 1983 ON THE APPROXIMATION OF THE
LAWS OF THE MEMBER STATES RELATING TO MATERIALS AND ARTICLES MADE OF
REGENERATED CELLULOSE FILM INTENDED TO COME INTO CONTACT WITH
FOODSTUFFS. (83/229/EEC).
original : OJEC**, Official Journal of the European (Communities)/Union,
L123 , , 31 , 1983
amendment: OJEC**, Official Journal of the European (Communities)/Union,
L228 , , 32 , 1986
*******
File: 17.01 LEGAL rn : 1402213
systematic name:2-Propanol
common name :2-propanol
reported name :ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL
cas no :67-63-0 rtecs no :NT8050000
area : EEC type : REG
--------------------------------
|subject|specification|descriptor|
|-------+-------------+----------|
| GOODS | FUEL | PRMT |
| GOODS | FUEL | RQR |
--------------------------------
MEMBER STATES MAY NOT PREVENT OR DISCOURAGE, ON GROUNDS OF OXYGENATE
CONTENT, THE PRODUCTION, MARKETING AND FREE MOVEMENT OF BLENDED PETROL
CONTAINING ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL UP TO 5% (VOL.). PUMPS WHICH DISPENSE MOTOR
FUELS CONTAINING MORE THAN 10% (VOL.) OF ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL SHALL BE VERY
CLEARLY MARKED ACCORDINGLY TO MAKE ACCOUNT IN PARTICULAR OF VARIATIONS
IN THE CALORIFIC VALUE OF SUCH FUELS
entry date: FEB 1986 effective date: 01JAN1988
title: COUNCIL DIRECTIVE OF 5 DECEMBER 1985 ON CRUDE-OIL SAVINGS THROUGH
THE USE OF SUBSTITUTE FUEL COMPONENTS IN PETROL. (85/536/EEC).
original : OJEC**, Official Journal of the European (Communities)/Union,
L334 , , 20 , 1985
*******
File: 17.01 LEGAL rn : 1402713
systematic name:2-Propanol
common name :2-propanol
reported name :ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL
cas no :67-63-0 rtecs no :NT8050000
UNEP Publications 115
OECD SIDS 2-PROPANOL
area : EEC type : REG
--------------------------------
|subject|specification|descriptor|
|-------+-------------+----------|
| USE | OCC | RSTR |
| SAFTY | OCC | RQR |
| MONIT | OCC | RQR |
--------------------------------
STRONG ACID PROCESS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL IS A PROCESS
BY WHICH WORKERS ARE OR ARE LIKELY TO BE EXPOSED TO CARCINOGENS AS A
RESULT OF THEIR WORK. IN THIS TYPE OF ACTIVITY, THE RISK TO THE HEALTH
AND SAFETY OF WORKERS MUST BE ASSESSED. EMPLOYERS' OBLIGATIONS INCLUDE
REDUCTION OF THE USE OF THE PROCESS AND WHERE POSSIBLE ITS REPLACEMENT
BY A LESS DANGEROUS PROCESS. WHERE THE REPLACEMENT OF THE PROCESS IS NOT
POSSIBLE, MEASURES TO ENSURE THE PROTECTION OF THE WORKERS AND TO REDUCE
THE LEVEL OF THEIR EXPOSURE MUST BE TAKEN. EMPLOYERS SHALL WHEN
REQUESTED, MAKE AVAILABLE TO THE COMPETENT AUTHORITY APPROPRIATE
INFORMATION. THE WORKERS AND/OR THEIR REPRESENTATIVES MUST BE INFORMED
ABOUT THE HEALTH RISKS, HYGIENIC REQUIREMENTS AND PRECAUTIONS TO BE
TAKEN AND THEY CAN CHECK THAT THIS DIRECTIVE IS APPLIED. RELEVANT HEALTH
SURVEILLANCE OF WORKERS IS REQUIRED. THE MEDICAL RECORDS SHALL BE KEPT
FOR AT LEAST 40 YEARS.
entry date: JUN 1992 effective date: 31DEC1992
title: COUNCIL DIRECTIVE OF 28 JUNE 1990 ON THE PROTECTION OF WORKERS
FROM THE RISKS RELATED TO EXPOSURE TO CARCINOGENS AT WORK (SIXTH
INDIVIDUAL DIRECTIVE WITHIN THE MEANING OF ARTICLE 16(1) OF DIRECTIVE
89/391/EEC). (90/394/EEC).
original : OJEC**, Official Journal of the European (Communities)/Union,
196 , , 1 , 1990
*******
File: 17.01 LEGAL rn : 1646178
systematic name:2-Propanol
common name :2-propanol
reported name :ISOPROPANOL
cas no :67-63-0 rtecs no :NT8050000
area : IMO type : REC
--------------------------------
|subject|specification|descriptor|
|-------+-------------+----------|
| TRNSP | MARIN | CLASS |
| LABEL | | |
| PACK | | |
--------------------------------
HAZARD CLASS: 3 = INFLAMMABLE LIQUID. PACKING GROUP: II = MEDIUM DANGER
(I=GREAT DANGER - III=MINOR DANGER). UN NO. 1219
entry date: JAN 1991
amendment: !IMCOC*, International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code, , ,
10004 , 1990
*******
File: 17.01 LEGAL rn : 1744419
systematic name:2-Propanol
common name :2-propanol
reported name :ISOPROPANOL
cas no :67-63-0 rtecs no :NT8050000
116 UNEP Publications
OECD SIDS 2-PROPANOL
area : UN type : REC
--------------------------------
|subject|specification|descriptor|
|-------+-------------+----------|
| TRNSP | | CLASS |
| LABEL | | |
| PACK | | |
--------------------------------
HAZARD CLASS: 3 = INFLAMMABLE LIQUID. PACKING GROUP: II = MEDIUM DANGER
(I=GREAT DANGER - III=MINOR DANGER). UN NO. 1219
entry date: AUG 1990
amendment: !UNTDG*, UN Transport of Dangerous Goods, Recommendation
prepared by theCommittee of Experts on the Transport of
Dangerous Goods, , , 15 , 1989
UNEP Publications 117
|