SC:3037-01
bulletin
product
HELOXY Modifier Selection Guide
â„?
Table of Contents Introduction 2
Classification and Properties of HELOXY â„? Modifiers 2
General Information 5
Shipping and Safe Handling Information 6
Performance Characteristics 7
Viscosity Reduction 7
Reactivity 11
Thermal Resistance Properties 11
Mechanical Strength Properties 11
Chemical Resistance Properties 19
HELOXY Modifier Selection Guide 19
HELOXY Modifier Selection Guide Worksheet 24-27
Table 1 / Aliphatic Monofunctional HELOXY and CARDURAâ„? Modifiers 3
Table 2 / Aromatic Monofunctional HELOXY Modifiers 3
Table 3 / Polyfunctional HELOXY Modifiers 4
Table 4 / HELOXY Modifier Acronyms 5
Table 5 / Shipping and Safe Handling Information 6
Table 6 / HELOXY Modifier Performance Properties 9
Table 7 / HELOXY Modifier Property Ranking 23
Figure 1 / Monofunctional HELOXY Modifiers � Effects on System Viscosity 7
Figure 2 / Aromatic Monofunctional HELOXY Modifiers � Effects on System Viscosity 8
Figure 3 / Polyfunctional HELOXY Modifiers � Effects on System Viscosity 8
Graph 1 / Viscosity at 25 °C (77 °F) � EPON� Resin 828 Blended with Various HELOXY or CARDURA Products 10
Graph 2 / Viscosity at 25 °C (77 °F) � EPON Resin 828 Blended with Various HELOXY or CARDURA Products/ TETA 12
Graph 3 / Gel Time at 25 °C (77 °F) � 100 g Mass of EPON Resin 828 Blended with Various 13
HELOXY or CARDURA Products/TETA
Graph 4 / Heat Deflection Temperature (HDT) of EPON Resin 828 Blended with Various HELOXY or CARDURA 14
Products/TETA � Cured 24 Hours at 25 °C Followed by 2 Hours at 100 °C
Graph 5 / Tensile Strength of EPON Resin 828 Blended with Various HELOXY or CARDURA Products/TETA � 15
Cured 24 Hours at 25 °C Followed by 2 Hours at 100 °C
Graph 6 / Tensile Elongation of EPON Resin 828 Blended with Various HELOXY or CARDURA Products/TETA � 16
Cured 24 Hours at 25 °C Followed by 2 Hours at 100 °C
Graph 7 / Flexural Strength of EPON Resin 828 Blended with Various HELOXY or CARDURA Products/TETA � 17
Cured 24 Hours at 25 °C Followed by 2 Hours at 100 °C
Graph 8 / Compressive Strength of EPON Resin 828 Blended with Various HELOXY or CARDURA Products/TETA � 18
Cured 24 Hours at 25 °C Followed by 2 Hours at 100 °C
Graph 9 / Weight Gain (Water � 28 Day Immersion) of EPON Resin 828 Blended with Various HELOXY 20
or CARDURA Products/TETA � Cured 24 Hours at 25 °C Followed by 2 Hours at 100 °C
Graph 10 / Weight Gain (5% Acetic Acid � 28 Day Immersion) of EPON Resin 828 Blended with Various HELOXY 21
or CARDURA Products/TETA � Cured 24 Hours at 25 °C Followed by 2 Hours at 100 °C
Graph 11 / Weight Gain (50/50 IPA/Xylene � 28 Day Immersion) of EPON Resin 828 Blended with Various 22
HELOXY or CARDURA Products/TETA � Cured 24 Hours at 25 °C Followed by 2 Hours at 100 °C
E P I KOT E â„? EPONâ„? E P I KURE â„? EPI-REZâ„? H E LOX Y â„? C A R D U R Aâ„? V E O VAâ„?
SC:3037-01 / HELOXY â„? Modifier Selection Guide Page 2
Introduction HELOXYâ„? Modifiers serve several functions. They are used to reduce viscosity in order to
improve handling and application characteristics, or to modify performance properties such
as strength, adhesion and flexibility. It is the intent of this product bulletin to provide guidance
in choosing the appropriate modifier for many applications.
For many applications, solvents are used to reduce system viscosity. This practice is
especially true for coatings applications, but is not useful for sections thicker than a few
thousandths of an inch since the solvent may become trapped, resulting in degradation of
performance properties. Besides affecting mechanical strength and chemical resistance
properties, pinholing or blistering may result. Although the use of nonvolatile plasticizers
can aid viscosity reduction, the formulator should be aware that migration of nonreactive
diluents to the interface is possible. Whenever migration of these materials occurs, adhesion
loss results. In many cases the nature of a particular application precludes the use of a
volatile compound or a non-reactive plasticizer.
Classification and HELOXY Modifiers are epoxy functional materials that react into the resin system. Once
Properties of reacted, they become permanently bound into the polymer network and do not migrate to
HELOXYâ„? Modifiers the interface under normal conditions. HELOXY Modifiers can be categorized according
to class and type, where class refers to chemical nature and type refers to functionality.
Classes include the aromatic, the cycloaliphatic and the aliphatic compounds, while
functionality refers to the number of epoxide groups per molecule. Modifiers may be either
aromatic, cycloaliphatic or aliphatic; and monofunctional or polyfunctional. Tables 1, 2
and 3 on the following pages classify each HELOXY Modifier according to product class
and type, and contain data on weight per epoxide and viscosity values. Chemical Abstract
Service numbers are also included for reference. On pages 7 and 8, monofunctional
modifiers are depicted in Figures 1 and 2, while Figure 3 illustrates difunctional and poly-
functional modifiers.
SC:3037-01 / HELOXY â„? Modifier Selection Guide Page 3
Table 1/ Aliphatic Monofunctional HELOXYâ„? and CARDURAâ„? Modifiers
Molecular CAS Weight per Viscosity
Product structure number epoxide at 25 °C, cP
R1 O O
CARDURAâ„?
�
�
�
�
26761-45-5 244-256 5-10
R2–C–C–O–CH2–CH–CH2C R1 + R2 + R3 = C10
Glycidyl Ester E10
R3
O
�
HELOXYâ„? Modifier 7 68609-96-1 220-235 3-5
�
R–O–CH2–CH–CH2 R = C8� C10
O
�
HELOXY Modifier 8 68609-97-2 280-295 6-9
�
R–O–CH2–CH–CH2 R = C12 � C14
O
�
HELOXY Modifier 61 �
2426-08-6 145-155 1-2
CH3�(CH2)2 –CH2 –O–CH2 –CH–CH2
CH3 –CH2 O
HELOXY Modifier 116 2461-15-6 215-225 2-4
�
� �
CH3�(CH2)3–CH–CH2–O–CH2–CH–CH2
Table 2/Aromatic Monofunctional HELOXYâ„? Modifiers
Molecular CAS Weight per Viscosity
Product structure number epoxide at 25 °C, cP
O
–CH3
�
HELOXYâ„? Modifier 62 2210-79-9 175-195 5-10
�
–O–CH2 –CH–CH2
O
� �
HELOXY Modifier 63 122-60-1 150-165 4-7
–O–CH2 –CH–CH2
O
� �
HELOXY Modifier 64 147094-54-0 300-325 90-130
C9H19 � –O–CH2 –CH–CH2
O
� �
HELOXY Modifier 65 3101-60-8 225-240 20-30
–O–CH2 –CH–CH2
(CH3)3C�
SC:3037-01 / HELOXY â„? Modifier Selection Guide Page 4
Table 3/Polyfunctional HELOXYâ„? Modifiers
Molecular CAS Weight per Viscosity
Product structure number epoxide at 25 °C, cP
O
HELOXYâ„? Modifier 48 30499-70-8 135-160 125-250
� �
CH2–O–CH2–CH–CH2
�
O
� �
CH3–CH2–C–CH2–OCH2–CH–CH2
�
O
� �
CH2–O–CH2–CH–CH2
O O
HELOXY Modifier 67 2425-79-8 120-135 13-18
� �
� �
CH2–CH–CH2–O–CH2�(CH2) 2–CH2–O–CH2–CH–CH2
O O
HELOXY Modifier 68 17557-23-2 130-145 13-18
� �
� �
CH2–CH–CH2–O–CH2–C(CH3) 2–CH2–O–CH2–CH–CH2
O
O O
O
HELOXY Modifier 71 68475-94-5 390-470 400-900
�
�
�
�
CH2CH–CH2–O–C–R–C–O–CH2CH–CH2
R=C34H68
CH3
HELOXY Modifier 84 37237-76-6 620-680 200-320
O
�
� �
CH2–O�(CH2–CH–O)8–CH2–CH–CH2
�
CH3
O
�
� �
CH–O�(CH2–CH–O)8–CH2–CH–CH2
�
CH3
O
�
� �
CH2–O�(CH2–CH–O)8–CH2–CH–CH2
O O
HELOXY Modifier 107 14228-73-0 155-165 55-75
� �
� �
CH2–CH–CH2–O–CH2� –CH2–O–CH2–CH–CH2
O
� �
HELOXY Modifier 505 74398-71-3 550-650 300-500
O O–CH2–CH–CH2
=
�
CH2–O–C�(CH2) 7–CH=CH–CH2–CH�(CH2) 5 –CH3
O
�
� �
O O–CH2–CH–CH2
�
=
CH–O–C�(CH2) 7–CH=CH–CH2–CH�(CH2) 5 –CH3
O
�
� �
O O–CH2–CH–CH2
�
=
CH2–O–C�(CH2) 7–CH=CH–CH2–CH�(CH2) 5 –CH3
SC:3037-01 / HELOXY â„? Modifier Selection Guide Page 5
General Information HELOXY Modifiers are sometimes referred to by acronym. For example, HELOXY Modifier 61
is frequently referred to as BGE, since the principal chemical component is n-butyl glycidyl
ether. Similarly, HELOXY Modifier 63, phenyl glycidyl ether, is referred to as PGE. Commonly
used acronyms for each HELOXY product are listed below in Table 4. These acronyms are
sometimes useful when trying to identify an offset for a product supplied by another manu-
facturer. Generic products are compositionally similar, but significant differences exist
between available commercial materials. Differences include purity level, relative freedom
from contaminants such as epichlorohydrin or starting alcohol, and relative concentrations
of chemical components. HELOXY Modifiers are designed to be essentially free from con-
taminants and to demonstrate optimum performance properties for most applications.
Table 4/HELOXYâ„? Modifier Acronyms
Material Description Acronym
HELOXYâ„? Modifier 7 C8 -C10 Alkyl Glycidyl Ether C8 -C10 GE
HELOXY Modifier 8 C12 -C14 Alkyl Glycidyl Ether C12 -C14 GE
CARDURAâ„? Glycidyl Ester E10 Neodecanoic Acid Glycidyl Ester E10
HELOXY Modifier 61 Butyl Glycidyl Ether BGE
HELOXY Modifier 62 Cresyl Glycidyl Ether CGE
HELOXY Modifier 63 Phenyl Glycidyl Ether PGE
HELOXY Modifier 64 p-Nonylphenyl Glycidyl Ether NPGE
HELOXY Modifier 65 p-t-Butyl Phenyl Glycidyl Ether p-t-BPGE
HELOXY Modifier 116 2-Ethylhexyl Glycidyl Ether EHGE
HELOXY Modifier 67 1,4-Butanediol Diglycidyl Ether 1,4-BDGE
HELOXY Modifier 68 Neopentyl Glycol Diglycidyl Ether NPDGE
HELOXY Modifier 71 Dimer Acid Diglycidyl Ester DADGE
HELOXY Modifier 107 Cyclohexane Dimethanol Diglycidyl Ether CHDMGE
HELOXY Modifier 48 Trimethylolpropane Triglycidyl Ether TMPTGE
HELOXY Modifier 84 Aliphatic Polyglycidyl Ether APGE
HELOXY Modifier 505 Castor Oil Polyglycidyl Ether COPGE
SC:3037-01 / HELOXY â„? Modifier Selection Guide Page 6
Shipping and Safe Shipping and safe handling characteristics are an important consideration for deciding
Handling Information which modifier should be used for an intended application. With the exception of HELOXY
Modifier 61, all HELOXY Modifiers have flash points greater than 200 °F. While most of these
products are not regulated by the U.S. Department of Transportation, many are skin and eye
irritants. Material Safety Data Sheets are the appropriate source for identifying hazards.
Shipping and safe handling information is summarized below in Table 5.
Table 5/Shipping and Safe Handling Information
Material Flash point Physical hazard DOT proper shipping name
HELOXY� Modifier 7 > 200 °F Moderate eye and skin irritant, Not regulated
possible sensitizer
HELOXY Modifier 8 > 200 °F Moderate eye and skin irritant, Not regulated
possible sensitizer
CARDURA� Glycidyl Ester E10 > 200 °F Moderate eye and skin irritant, Not regulated
possible sensitizer
HELOXY Modifier 61 130 °F Severe eye and skin irritant, Flammable liquid, toxic,
sensitizer N.O.S. (Butyl Glycidyl Ether)
HELOXY Modifier 62 > 200 °F Severe eye and skin irritant, Not regulated
sensitizer
HELOXY Modifier 63 > 200 °F Severe eye and skin irritant, Corrosive liquid,
corrosive, possible sensitizer N.O.S. (Phenyl Glycidyl Ether)
HELOXY Modifier 64 > 200 °F Moderate eye and skin irritant, Not regulated
possible sensitizer
HELOXY Modifier 65 > 200 °F Moderate eye and skin irritant, Not regulated
possible sensitizer
HELOXY Modifier 116 > 200 °F Severe eye, moderate skin irritant Not regulated
HELOXY Modifier 67 > 200 °F Severe eye and skin irritant, Not regulated
sensitizer
HELOXY Modifier 68 > 200 °F Moderate eye and skin irritant, Not regulated
possible sensitizer
HELOXY Modifier 71 > 200 °F Mild eye and skin irritant, Not regulated
mild sensitizer
HELOXY Modifier 107 > 200 °F Moderate eye and skin irritant, Not regulated
possible sensitizer
HELOXY Modifier 48 > 200 °F Severe eye, moderate skin irritant Not regulated
HELOXY Modifier 84 > 200 °F Possible skin and eye irritant Not regulated
HELOXY Modifier 505 > 200 °F Slight skin irritant, Not regulated
possible sensitizer
SC:3037-01 / HELOXY â„? Modifier Selection Guide Page 7
Performance HELOXY Modifiers vary considerably in their effects upon system properties. Because of
Characteristics the many applications for epoxy resin systems, it is impractical to consider only one modifier
for every application. Data contained in Table 6 (see page 9) indicate the range of properties
available with an 80/20 weight blend of EPONâ„? Resin 828 and each HELOXY Modifier.
Mechanical strength, HDT and chemical resistance properties were determined using
triethylene tetramine (TETA) as a curative. Property determinations are of specimens taken
from 1/8-inch thick sheet castings. Graphs 1-11 indicate results of these property measure-
ments ranked from low to high.
Viscosity Reduction While the incorporation of a modifier usually detracts from the performance of an unmodified
system, HELOXY Modifiers provide viscosity reduction with minimum sacrifice of perform-
ance properties. Typically, monofunctional modifiers are more efficient than polyfunctional
modifiers with respect to viscosity reduction, whereas polyfunctional modifiers are better
at maintaining performance properties. Figures 1, 2 and 3 on the following pages compare
the relative efficiency of reducing the viscosity of EPON Resin 828.
Graph 1 (see page 10) ranks HELOXY Modifiers according to dilution efficiency when incor-
porated at 20% concentration into EPON Resin 828. As data indicate, aliphatic monoepoxides
such as HELOXY Modifier 61 and HELOXY Modifier 7 are the most efficient in viscosity
reduction, whereas the polyfunctional modifiers are least efficient. Mixed system viscosities
generally follow the same pattern as resin blend viscosities, but differences in combining
ratios can induce variations. Graphs 1 and 2 (see pages 10 and 12, respectively) rank HELOXY
Modifiers according to effects upon neat resin blend and mixed system viscosities.
Figure 1/Monofunctional HELOXY� Modifiers � Effects on System Viscosity
35
30
Percent modifier
25 HELOXY â„? Modifier 7
HELOXY Modifier 8
20
HELOXY Modifier 61
15 HELOXY Modifier 116
10 CARDURAâ„? Glycidyl Ester E10
5
0
1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000
Viscosity at 25 °C, cP
SC:3037-01 / HELOXY â„? Modifier Selection Guide Page 8
Figure 2/Aromatic Monofunctional HELOXY� Modifiers � Effects on System Viscosity
40
35
Percent modifier
30
HELOXY â„? Modifier 62
25
HELOXY Modifier 65
20
HELOXY Modifier 63
15 HELOXY Modifier 64
10
5
0
1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000
Viscosity at 25 °C, cP
Figure 3/Polyfunctional HELOXY� Modifiers � Effects on System Viscosity
40
35
HELOXY â„? Modifier 67
Percent modifier
30 HELOXY Modifier 68
25 HELOXY Modifier 107
20 HELOXY Modifier 48
HELOXY Modifier 84
15
HELOXY Modifier 505
10
HELOXY Modifier 71
5
0
1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000
Viscosity at 25 °C, cP
Table 6/HELOXYâ„? Modifier Per formance Properties1
COMPOSITION REF.
84 505
48 67 68 107 71
64 65 116
63
7 8 61 62 E10
HELOXYâ„? Modifier
80 80
80 80 80 80 80
80 80 80
80 80
100 80 80 80 80
EPONâ„? Resin 828
20
20 20 20 20 20
20 20 20
20 20
20 20 20 20 20
Modifier, phr
11.5 11.1 11.2
12.5 13.6 14.2 14.0 13.4
13.6 13.0 13.5 11.9 12.4
12.5 12.0 12.3
TETA, phr
63 75 40
73 38 40 45 47
46 59 54
45
44 80 82 72 74
Gel time,
SC:3037-01 / HELOXY â„? Modifier Selection Guide
100 grams at RT
3,120
875 1,415 2,050 3,200 5,000
865 3,150 2,350 442 3,450
1,060
13,250 360 560 215 995
Resin viscosity
at 25 °C (77 °F), cP
1,765
507 725 1,090 1,900 2,045
905 320 1,310
1,300
245 330 166 500 400 518
System viscosity,
at 25 °C (77 °F), cP
69
91 77 81 77 80
74 59 99
74
55 56 53 69 71
103 64
HDT, °C
9,400
10,120 10,300 10,680 9,147 7,493
11,750 7,060 10,450
10,640
6,680 6,582 6,504 11,350 11,120
10,050 9,351
Tensile strength, psi
5.1
6.6 6.1 6.3 5.5 6.5
6.5 6.6 4.1
5.4
9.2 8.9 7.4 6.3 6.4
3.7 6
Tensile elongation, %
27,400
37,130 32,820 34,250 30,730 28,920
30,410 32,950 33,030
25,770
23,410 23,460 32,610 30,330 38,640
33,460 27,790
Compressive strength, psi
15,297
17,185 17,549 17,027 15,152 12,103
20,618 13,605 17,806
12,762 14,258 20,867 20,519 18,472
18,714 13,748 16,748
Flexural strength, psi
0.94 0.91 0.83 1.14 1.02
0.92 0.92 1.23
0.72
0.91 1.41 0.57 0.51 0.6
0.67 0.98 0.82
% Weight gain,
28 days/DI water
2.81 1.55 2.84 2.21
2.37 6.03 3.81
1.74 2.24 1.24 1.45 4.15
4.62 3.79 9.12
1.18 2.51
% Weight gain,
28 days/5% acetic acid
1.42 -0.02 2.02
- 0.28 - 0.2 - 0.22
- 0.11 0.32 - 0.02 10.07 - 0.23
14.08 2.76 - 0.08
- 0.029 10.01 2.74
Weight gain,
2
28 days/solvent
1
Cured with TETA one day at RT, plus 2 hours at 100 °C.
2
50% Xylene/50% IPA mixture.
Page 9
Viscosity, cP
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
100% EPONâ„? Resin 828 13250
HELOXYâ„? Modifier 61
20% Polyepoxide
100% EPONâ„? Resin 828
HELOXY Modifier 7
20% Aliphatic Monoepoxide
20% Aromatic Monoepoxide
HELOXY Modifier 116
HELOXY Modifier 8
HELOXY Modifier 63
HELOXY Modifier 67
CARDURAâ„? Glycidyl Ester E10
HELOXY Modifier 62
HELOXY Modifier 68
HELOXY Modifier 107
HELOXY Modifier 65
HELOXY Modifier 505
Graph 1/Viscosity at 25 °C (77 °F) � EPON� Resin 828 Blended with Various HELOXY � or CARDURA� Products
HELOXY Modifier 64
HELOXY Modifier 71
HELOXY Modifier 48
HELOXY Modifier 84
Page 10 SC:3037-01 / HELOXY â„? Modifier Selection Guide
SC:3037-01 / HELOXY â„? Modifier Selection Guide Page 11
Reactivity HELOXY Modifiers vary considerably in effects upon reactivity. Almost all tend to increase
gel time relative to that of the unmodified system. HELOXY Modifiers based on aliphatic
alcohols are inherently less reactive with conventional amine-based curing agents than
those based on aromatic alcohols. For example, a system based on HELOXY Modifier 8 is
significantly less reactive than the unmodified system, whereas HELOXY Modifier 63 exhibits
reactivity similar to unmodified epoxy resin. Besides chemical type, epoxide concentration
also significantly influences reactivity. Modifiers that have a low weight per epoxide exhibit
significantly higher reactivity, and vice versa. It should be noted that, while reaction rates
differ, heats of reaction with conventional curing agents do not significantly vary across
modifier type or class. All glycidyl ethers liberate approximately 23,000 calories per gram
mole of epoxide when reacted with amine curing agents. While reactivity can be measured
in several ways, gel time of 100 grams at room temperature is a good method of measure-
ment that does not require sophisticated analytical equipment. Graph 2 (see page 12) ranks
the effect of various HELOXY Modifiers on gel time.
Thermal Resistance While several techniques exist for measurement of thermal properties of epoxy resin systems,
Properties heat distortion temperature (HDT) is a widely used and valid method. This property is a
measure of the maximum temperature achieved before a bar specimen stressed in flexure
deflects by a specified amount when heated at a constant rate. For thermosetting plastics,
this quantity is related to crosslink density within the plastic, and to molecular rigidity be-
tween crosslinking sites. Since high functionality typically indicates high crosslink density
and low weight per epoxide, polyfunctional HELOXY Modifiers affect HDT less than the
monofunctional modifiers. Aromatic modifiers, owing to rigidity of the aromatic nucleus,
also detract less from HDT than do the aliphatic glycidyl ethers. Graph 3 (see page 13)
compares the effects of various modifiers upon HDT values.
Mechanical Strength Epoxy resin systems exhibit a range of mechanical strength characteristics, ranging in
Properties nature from brittle or cheesy to tough and horn-like. While the particular curing agent
employed is the most important contributor to system properties, HELOXY Modifiers can
strongly influence these characteristics. Performance properties are largely determined by
molecular structure of the cured polymer network. Important factors are the ratio of total
aromatic to aliphatic components, crosslink density and polar species present. In general,
aromatic structures are more rigid than comparable aliphatic structures, while mono-
epoxides typically reduce crosslink density and overall mechanical strength properties.
While general trends can be stated, firm rules on various cured-state properties are
difficult to establish owing to a multitude of factors at work. Graphs 5-8 (see pages 15-18)
rank the effects of HELOXY Modifiers upon tensile strength, tensile elongation, flexural
strength and ultimate compressive strength.
Viscosity, cP
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
100% EPONâ„? Resin 828
HELOXYâ„? Modifier 61
20% Polyepoxide
HELOXY Modifier 7
100% EPONâ„? Resin 828
20% Aliphatic Monoepoxide
20% Aromatic Monoepoxide
HELOXY Modifier 116
HELOXY Modifier 8
HELOXY Modifier 63
HELOXY Modifier 62
HELOXY Modifier 67
CARDURAâ„? Glycidyl Ester E10
HELOXY Modifier 68
HELOXY Modifier 65
HELOXY Modifier 107
HELOXY Modifier 64
HELOXY Modifier 48
Graph 2/Viscosity at 25 °C (77 °F) � EPON� Resin 828 Blended with Various HELOXY � or CARDURA� Products/ TETA
HELOXY Modifier 505
HELOXY Modifier 71
HELOXY Modifier 84
Page 12 SC:3037-01 / HELOXY â„? Modifier Selection Guide
Gel time, minutes
0
20
40
60
80
100
100% EPONâ„? Resin 828
HELOXYâ„? Modifier 48
20% Polyepoxide
HELOXY Modifier 67
100% EPONâ„? Resin 828
20% Aliphatic Monoepoxide
20% Aromatic Monoepoxide
HELOXY Modifier 505
HELOXY Modifier 68
HELOXY Modifier 62
HELOXY Modifier 63
HELOXY Modifier 107
HELOXY Modifier 65
HELOXY Modifier 64
HELOXY Modifier 71
HELOXY Modifier 61
HELOXY Modifier 116
CARDURAâ„? Glycidyl Ester E10
HELOXY Modifier 84
HELOXY Modifier 7
Graph 3/Gel Time at 25 °C (77 °F) � 100 g Mass of EPON� Resin 828 Blended with Various HELOXY � or CARDURA� Products/TETA
HELOXY Modifier 8
Page 13 SC:3037-01 / HELOXY â„? Modifier Selection Guide
Temperature, °C
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
100% EPONâ„? Resin 828
HELOXYâ„? Modifier 61
20% Polyepoxide
HELOXY Modifier 7
100% EPONâ„? Resin 828
20% Aliphatic Monoepoxide
20% Aromatic Monoepoxide
HELOXY Modifier 8
HELOXY Modifier 116
CARDURAâ„? Glycidyl Ester E10
HELOXY Modifier 62
Cured 24 Hours at 25 °C Followed by 2 Hours at 100 °C
HELOXY Modifier 505
HELOXY Modifier 63
HELOXY Modifier 64
HELOXY Modifier 65
HELOXY Modifier 71
HELOXY Modifier 68
HELOXY Modifier 84
HELOXY Modifier 107
HELOXY Modifier 67
Graph 4/Heat Deflection Temperature (HDT) of EPON� Resin 828 Blended with Various HELOXY � or CARDURA� Products/TETA �
HELOXY Modifier 48
Page 14 SC:3037-01 / HELOXY â„? Modifier Selection Guide
Tensile strength, psi
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
100% EPONâ„? Resin 828
HELOXYâ„? Modifier 61
20% Polyepoxide
HELOXY Modifier 8
100% EPONâ„? Resin 828
20% Aliphatic Monoepoxide
20% Aromatic Monoepoxide
HELOXY Modifier 7
HELOXY Modifier 116
HELOXY Modifier 84
HELOXY Modifier 71
Cured 24 Hours at 25 °C Followed by 2 Hours at 100 °C
CARDURAâ„? Glycidyl Ester E10
HELOXY Modifier 505
HELOXY Modifier 107
HELOXY Modifier 68
HELOXY Modifier 67
HELOXY Modifier 48
Graph 5/Tensile Strength of EPON� Resin 828 Blended with Various HELOXY � or CARDURA� Products/TETA �
HELOXY Modifier 64
HELOXY Modifier 65
HELOXY Modifier 63
HELOXY Modifier 62
Page 15 SC:3037-01 / HELOXY â„? Modifier Selection Guide
Percent elongation
0
2
4
6
8
10
1
3
5
7
9
100% EPONâ„? Resin 828
HELOXYâ„? Modifier 48
20% Polyepoxide
HELOXY Modifier 505
100% EPONâ„? Resin 828
20% Aliphatic Monoepoxide
20% Aromatic Monoepoxide
HELOXY Modifier 64
HELOXY Modifier 71
CARDURAâ„? Glycidyl Ester E10
HELOXY Modifier 68
Cured 24 Hours at 25 °C Followed by 2 Hours at 100 °C
HELOXY Modifier 62
HELOXY Modifier 107
HELOXY Modifier 63
HELOXY Modifier 65
HELOXY Modifier 84
HELOXY Modifier 116
HELOXY Modifier 67
Graph 6/Tensile Elongation of EPON� Resin 828 Blended with Various HELOXY � or CARDURA� Products/TETA �
HELOXY Modifier 61
HELOXY Modifier 8
HELOXY Modifier 7
Page 16 SC:3037-01 / HELOXY â„? Modifier Selection Guide
Flexural strength, psi
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
100% EPONâ„? Resin 828
HELOXYâ„? Modifier 84
20% Polyepoxide
HELOXY Modifier 8
100% EPONâ„? Resin 828
20% Aliphatic Monoepoxide
20% Aromatic Monoepoxide
HELOXY Modifier 116
HELOXY Modifier 7
HELOXY Modifier 61
HELOXY Modifier 71
Cured 24 Hours at 25 °C Followed by 2 Hours at 100 °C
HELOXY Modifier 505
CARDURAâ„? Glycidyl Ester E10
HELOXY Modifier 107
HELOXY Modifier 67
HELOXY Modifier 68
HELOXY Modifier 48
HELOXY Modifier 64
Graph 7/Flexural Strength of EPON� Resin 828 Blended with Various HELOXY � or CARDURA� Products/TETA �
HELOXY Modifier 63
HELOXY Modifier 65
HELOXY Modifier 62
Page 17 SC:3037-01 / HELOXY â„? Modifier Selection Guide
Compressive strength, psi
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
100% EPONâ„? Resin 828
HELOXYâ„? Modifier 7
20% Polyepoxide
HELOXY Modifier 8
100% EPONâ„? Resin 828
20% Aliphatic Monoepoxide
20% Aromatic Monoepoxide
HELOXY Modifier 64
HELOXY Modifier 505
CARDURAâ„? Glycidyl Ester E10
HELOXY Modifier 84
Cured 24 Hours at 25 °C Followed by 2 Hours at 100 °C
HELOXY Modifier 62
HELOXY Modifier 65
HELOXY Modifier 71
HELOXY Modifier 61
HELOXY Modifier 68
HELOXY Modifier 116
HELOXY Modifier 48
Graph 8/Compressive Strength of EPON� Resin 828 Blended with Various HELOXY � or CARDURA� Products/TETA �
HELOXY Modifier 107
HELOXY Modifier 67
HELOXY Modifier 63
Page 18 SC:3037-01 / HELOXY â„? Modifier Selection Guide
SC:3037-01 / HELOXY â„? Modifier Selection Guide Page 19
Chemical Resistance As with thermal and mechanical properties, chemical composition and molecular architec-
Properties ture largely determine chemical resistance properties of epoxy systems. However, a few
guidelines can be stated. Water resistance is directly related to hydrocarbon content and
the relative absence of polar groups, while solvent resistance is more of a function of high
crosslink density. Acid and alkali resistance is more related to curing agent type than to
HELOXY Modifier type, but differences can be observed. Graphs 9-11 (see pages 20-22)
rank HELOXY Modifiers according to resistance to water, 5% acetic acid or a solvent mixture
composed of 50 percent isopropyl alcohol and 50 percent xylene.
HELOXY Modifier Using rank ordering of performance properties, selection of the appropriate modifier for
Selection Guide a prospective application can be conveniently accomplished. Table 7 (see page 23) is a
ranking chart intended to aid in this exercise. Table 7 ranks HELOXY Modifiers from best
to worst (highest to lowest) performer according to a numerical scale. In this scale, the
best performer is assigned the lowest number. The HELOXY Modifier Selection Guide
Worksheets (see pages 24-27) are designed to help the user select a HELOXY Modifier
to meet his/her specific applications needs.
To use the HELOXY Modifier Selection Guide Worksheets, the user must first determine
properties of interest from the available set. High performance for all properties listed is
not necessarily required for every application. Once the preferred property list is determined,
the user simply sums each row and enters a total in the “Sum� column. Each HELOXY Modifier
can then be assigned a relative ranking for the property set of interest based on the sum.
Again, lower numbers reflect higher performance. As described, all factors are weighed
equally. If desired, weights may be assigned to any item of interest. For example, if water
resistance is judged to be twice as important as HDT, the user should multiply the water
resistance factor by 2, then sum and rank the order as previously indicated.
The selection guide can be extended to include other important properties not currently
listed, such as shipping and handling characteristics. To do this, the user would first con-
struct a ranking of the desired characteristic using appropriate criteria, then complete the
chart as described. The selection guide also works well in the form of a computerized
spreadsheet file.
Percent weight gain
0.0
0.3
0.6
0.9
1.2
1.5
100% EPONâ„? Resin 828
HELOXYâ„? Modifier 63
20% Polyepoxide
HELOXY Modifier 62
100% EPONâ„? Resin 828
20% Aliphatic Monoepoxide
20% Aromatic Monoepoxide
HELOXY Modifier 64
HELOXY Modifier 65
CARDURAâ„? Glycidyl Ester E10
HELOXY Modifier 71
Cured 24 Hours at 25 °C Followed by 2 Hours at 100 °C
HELOXY Modifier 8
HELOXY Modifier 107
HELOXY Modifier 116
HELOXY Modifier 48
HELOXY Modifier 68
HELOXY Modifier 7
HELOXY Modifier 505
HELOXY Modifier 84
HELOXY Modifier 67
HELOXY Modifier 61
Graph 9/Weight Gain (Water � 28 Day Immersion) of EPON� Resin 828 Blended with Various HELOXY � or CARDURA� Products/TETA �
Page 20 SC:3037-01 / HELOXY â„? Modifier Selection Guide
Percent weight gain
0
2
4
6
8
10
100% EPONâ„? Resin 828
HELOXYâ„? Modifier 64
20% Polyepoxide
HELOXY Modifier 65
100% EPONâ„? Resin 828
20% Aliphatic Monoepoxide
20% Aromatic Monoepoxide
HELOXY Modifier 71
HELOXY Modifier 62
HELOXY Modifier 505
HELOXY Modifier 63
HELOXY Modifier 48
CARDURAâ„? Glycidyl Ester E10
Products/TETA � Cured 24 Hours at 25 °C Followed by 2 Hours at 100 °C
HELOXY Modifier107
HELOXY Modifier 84
HELOXY Modifier 8
HELOXY Modifier 68
HELOXY Modifier 116
HELOXY Modifier 7
HELOXY Modifier 67
Graph 10/Weight Gain (5% Acetic Acid � 28 Day Immersion) of EPON� Resin 828 Blended with Various HELOXY � or CARDURA�
HELOXY Modifier 61
Page 21 SC:3037-01 / HELOXY â„? Modifier Selection Guide
Percent weight gain
-3
0
3
6
9
12
15
100% EPONâ„? Resin 828
- 0.029
HELOXY â„? Modifier 67
- 0.28
20% Polyepoxide
HELOXY Modifier 48
100% EPONâ„? Resin 828
- 0.23
20% Aliphatic Monoepoxide
20% Aromatic Monoepoxide
HELOXY Modifier 107
- 0.22
HELOXY Modifier 68
- 0.20
HELOXY Modifier 63
- 0.11
HELOXY Modifier 62
- 0.08
HELOXY Modifier 65
- 0.02
HELOXY Modifier 84
- 0.02
Products/TETA � Cured 24 Hours at 25 °C Followed by 2 Hours at 100 °C
HELOXY Modifier 64
HELOXY Modifier 71
HELOXY Modifier 505
CARDURAâ„? Glycidyl Ester E10
HELOXY Modifier 61
HELOXY Modifier 7
HELOXY Modifier 116
Graph 11/Weight Gain (50/50 IPA/Xylene � 28 Day Immersion) of EPON� Resin 828 Blended with Various HELOXY � or CARDURA�
HELOXY Modifier 8
Page 22 SC:3037-01 / HELOXY â„? Modifier Selection Guide
Table 7/HELOXYâ„? Modifier Property Ranking1
Mixed
Viscosity system Tensile Flexural Water Acid Solvent
Compressive
Product reduction Reactivity viscosity HDT strength Elongation strength strength resist. resist. resist.
2 15 2 15 14 1 13 16 12 14 14
HELOXYâ„? Modifier 7
4 16 4 14 15 2 15 15 7 11 16
HELOXY Modifier 8
7 13 7 12 10 12 9 12 5 8 12
CARDURAâ„? Glycidyl Ester E10
SC:3037-01 / HELOXY â„? Modifier Selection Guide
15 1 13 1 5 16 5 4 10 7 2
HELOXY Modifier 48
1 11 1 16 16 3 12 7 16 16 13
HELOXY Modifier 61
8 5 6 11 1 10 1 10 2 4 6
HELOXY Modifier 62
5 6 5 9 2 8 3 1 1 6 5
HELOXY Modifier 63
13 9 12 8 4 14 4 14 3 1 9
HELOXY Modifier 64
11 8 10 7 3 7 2 9 4 2 7
HELOXY Modifier 65
6 2 7 2 6 4 7 2 15 15 1
HELOXY Modifier 67
9 4 9 5 7 11 6 6 11 12 4
HELOXY Modifier 68
14 10 15 6 11 13 11 8 6 3 10
HELOXY Modifier 71
16 14 16 4 12 6 16 11 14 10 8
HELOXY Modifier 84
10 7 11 3 8 9 8 3 8 9 3
HELOXY Modifier 107
3 12 3 13 13 5 14 5 9 13 15
HELOXY Modifier 116
12 3 14 10 9 15 10 13 13 5 11
HELOXY Modifier 505
Rank Ordering
Highest (Best) = 1
Lowest (Worst) = 16
Page 23
HELOXY â„? Modifier Selection Guide Worksheet
Mixed
Viscosity system Tensile Flexural Water Acid Solvent
Compressive
reduction Reactivity viscosity HDT strength Elongation strength strength resist. resist. resist. Other Sum Rank
Product
2 15 2 15 14 1 13 16 12 14 14
HELOXYâ„? Modifier 7
4 16 4 14 15 2 15 15 7 11 16
HELOXY Modifier 8
7 13 7 12 10 12 9 12 5 8 12
CARDURAâ„?
Glycidyl Ester E10
SC:3037-01 / HELOXY â„? Modifier Selection Guide
15 1 13 1 5 16 5 4 10 7 2
HELOXY Modifier 48
1 11 1 16 16 3 12 7 16 16 13
HELOXY Modifier 61
8 5 6 11 1 10 1 10 2 4 6
HELOXY Modifier 62
5 6 5 9 2 8 3 1 1 6 5
HELOXY Modifier 63
13 9 12 8 4 14 4 14 3 1 9
HELOXY Modifier 64
11 8 10 7 3 7 2 9 4 2 7
HELOXY Modifier 65
6 2 7 2 6 4 7 2 15 15 1
HELOXY Modifier 67
9 4 9 5 7 11 6 6 11 12 4
HELOXY Modifier 68
14 10 15 6 11 13 11 8 6 3 10
HELOXY Modifier 71
16 14 16 4 12 6 16 11 14 10 8
HELOXY Modifier 84
10 7 11 3 8 9 8 3 8 9 3
HELOXY Modifier 107
3 12 3 13 13 5 14 5 9 13 15
HELOXY Modifier 116
12 3 14 10 9 15 10 13 13 5 11
HELOXY Modifier 505
Rank Ordering
Highest (Best) = 1
Lowest (Worst) = 16
Page 24
HELOXY â„? Modifier Selection Guide Worksheet
Mixed
Viscosity system Tensile Flexural Water Acid Solvent
Compressive
reduction Reactivity viscosity HDT strength Elongation strength strength resist. resist. resist. Other Sum Rank
Product
2 15 2 15 14 1 13 16 12 14 14
HELOXYâ„? Modifier 7
4 16 4 14 15 2 15 15 7 11 16
HELOXY Modifier 8
7 13 7 12 10 12 9 12 5 8 12
CARDURAâ„?
Glycidyl Ester E10
SC:3037-01 / HELOXY â„? Modifier Selection Guide
15 1 13 1 5 16 5 4 10 7 2
HELOXY Modifier 48
1 11 1 16 16 3 12 7 16 16 13
HELOXY Modifier 61
8 5 6 11 1 10 1 10 2 4 6
HELOXY Modifier 62
5 6 5 9 2 8 3 1 1 6 5
HELOXY Modifier 63
13 9 12 8 4 14 4 14 3 1 9
HELOXY Modifier 64
11 8 10 7 3 7 2 9 4 2 7
HELOXY Modifier 65
6 2 7 2 6 4 7 2 15 15 1
HELOXY Modifier 67
9 4 9 5 7 11 6 6 11 12 4
HELOXY Modifier 68
14 10 15 6 11 13 11 8 6 3 10
HELOXY Modifier 71
16 14 16 4 12 6 16 11 14 10 8
HELOXY Modifier 84
10 7 11 3 8 9 8 3 8 9 3
HELOXY Modifier 107
3 12 3 13 13 5 14 5 9 13 15
HELOXY Modifier 116
12 3 14 10 9 15 10 13 13 5 11
HELOXY Modifier 505
Rank Ordering
Highest (Best) = 1
Lowest (Worst) = 16
Page 25
HELOXY â„? Modifier Selection Guide Worksheet
Mixed
Viscosity system Tensile Flexural Water Acid Solvent
Compressive
reduction Reactivity viscosity HDT strength Elongation strength strength resist. resist. resist. Other Sum Rank
Product
2 15 2 15 14 1 13 16 12 14 14
HELOXYâ„? Modifier 7
4 16 4 14 15 2 15 15 7 11 16
HELOXY Modifier 8
7 13 7 12 10 12 9 12 5 8 12
CARDURAâ„?
Glycidyl Ester E10
SC:3037-01 / HELOXY â„? Modifier Selection Guide
15 1 13 1 5 16 5 4 10 7 2
HELOXY Modifier 48
1 11 1 16 16 3 12 7 16 16 13
HELOXY Modifier 61
8 5 6 11 1 10 1 10 2 4 6
HELOXY Modifier 62
5 6 5 9 2 8 3 1 1 6 5
HELOXY Modifier 63
13 9 12 8 4 14 4 14 3 1 9
HELOXY Modifier 64
11 8 10 7 3 7 2 9 4 2 7
HELOXY Modifier 65
6 2 7 2 6 4 7 2 15 15 1
HELOXY Modifier 67
9 4 9 5 7 11 6 6 11 12 4
HELOXY Modifier 68
14 10 15 6 11 13 11 8 6 3 10
HELOXY Modifier 71
16 14 16 4 12 6 16 11 14 10 8
HELOXY Modifier 84
10 7 11 3 8 9 8 3 8 9 3
HELOXY Modifier 107
3 12 3 13 13 5 14 5 9 13 15
HELOXY Modifier 116
12 3 14 10 9 15 10 13 13 5 11
HELOXY Modifier 505
Rank Ordering
Highest (Best) = 1
Lowest (Worst) = 16
Page 26
HELOXY â„? Modifier Selection Guide Worksheet
Mixed
Viscosity system Tensile Flexural Water Acid Solvent
Compressive
reduction Reactivity viscosity HDT strength Elongation strength strength resist. resist. resist. Other Sum Rank
Product
2 15 2 15 14 1 13 16 12 14 14
HELOXYâ„? Modifier 7
4 16 4 14 15 2 15 15 7 11 16
HELOXY Modifier 8
7 13 7 12 10 12 9 12 5 8 12
CARDURAâ„?
Glycidyl Ester E10
SC:3037-01 / HELOXY â„? Modifier Selection Guide
15 1 13 1 5 16 5 4 10 7 2
HELOXY Modifier 48
1 11 1 16 16 3 12 7 16 16 13
HELOXY Modifier 61
8 5 6 11 1 10 1 10 2 4 6
HELOXY Modifier 62
5 6 5 9 2 8 3 1 1 6 5
HELOXY Modifier 63
13 9 12 8 4 14 4 14 3 1 9
HELOXY Modifier 64
11 8 10 7 3 7 2 9 4 2 7
HELOXY Modifier 65
6 2 7 2 6 4 7 2 15 15 1
HELOXY Modifier 67
9 4 9 5 7 11 6 6 11 12 4
HELOXY Modifier 68
14 10 15 6 11 13 11 8 6 3 10
HELOXY Modifier 71
16 14 16 4 12 6 16 11 14 10 8
HELOXY Modifier 84
10 7 11 3 8 9 8 3 8 9 3
HELOXY Modifier 107
3 12 3 13 13 5 14 5 9 13 15
HELOXY Modifier 116
12 3 14 10 9 15 10 13 13 5 11
HELOXY Modifier 505
Rank Ordering
Highest (Best) = 1
Lowest (Worst) = 16
Page 27
Resolution Performance Products
P.O. Box 4500
Houston, Texas 77210-4500
For product prices, availability, or order placement,
call our toll-free customer service number at:
1.877.859.2800
For sales in North and South America outside the United States,
call:
1.832.366.2365
For literature and technical assistance,
visit our website at:
www.resins.com
SAFETY & HANDLING
These products are capable of producing adverse health effects ranging from minor skin irritation to serious systemic effects.
Exposure to these materials should be minimized and avoided, if feasible, through the observance of proper precautions, use
of appropriate engineering controls and proper personal protective clothing and equipment, and adherence to proper handling
procedures. None of these materials should be used, stored, or transported until the handling precautions and recommenda-
tions as stated in the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for these and all other products being used are understood by all
persons who will work with them. Questions and requests for information on Resolution Performance Products LLC (“RPPLLC�)
products should be directed to your RPPLLC sales representative, or the nearest RPPLLC sales office. Information and MSDSs
on non-RPPLLC products should be obtained from the respective manufacturer.
WARRANTY
NOTHING CONTAINED HEREIN CONSTITUTES AN OFFER FOR THE SALE OF ANY PRODUCT. ALL PRODUCTS SUPPLIED BY
RESOLUTION PERFORMANCE PRODUCTS LLC (“RPPLLC�) ARE SUBJECT TO THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF THE APPLI-
CABLE SALES CONTRACT AND NOTHING CONTAINED HEREIN SHALL AMEND OR MODIFY ANY SUCH CONTRACT. SUBJECT
TO THE FOREGOING, RPPLLC WARRANTS ONLY THAT ITS PRODUCTS WILL MEET SPECIFICATIONS SET FORTH IN THE
APPLICABLE SALES CONTRACT. RPPLLC MAKES NO OTHER WARRANTIES, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WITH RESPECT
TO ITS PRODUCTS OR THE RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED FROM THE USE THEREOF, OR WITH RESPECT TO ANY INFORMATION
PROVIDED BY RPPLLC, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION THAT ANY PRODUCT WILL BE MERCHANTABLE OR FIT FOR ANY
PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE USE OF ANY PRODUCT OR INFORMATION PROVIDED BY RPPLLC WILL NOT INFRINGE
ANY PATENT OR OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS. ALL SUCH WARRANTIES ARE HEREBY DISCLAIMED AND EXCLUDED.
© 2002 Resolution Performance Products LLC. All rights reserved. SC:3037-01
Printed in the U.S.A. 08/02 1.5M
E P I KOT E â„? EPONâ„? E P I KURE â„? EPI-REZâ„? H E LOX Y â„? C A R D U R Aâ„? V E O VAâ„?
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