AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
For Workplace - Small Volume Use Only. CHEMWATCH 2672-1
Issue Date: 16-Aug-2006 Version No:4
NC317TLP CD 2007/3 Page 1 of 14
Section 1 - CHEMICAL PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION
PRODUCT NAME
AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE
SYNONYMS
NH4OH, H5NO, "ammonia-aqueous solution", "ammonium hydrate", "ammonia solution", "ammonia
>10 <35%", "ammonia water", "ammonia forte", "880 ammonia", "890 ammonia"
PROPER SHIPPING NAME
AMMONIA SOLUTION, relative density between 0.880 and 0.957 at 15 掳C in water, with more
than 10% but not more than 35% ammonia
PRODUCT USE
Textiles, manufacture of rayon, rubber, fertilisers; refrigeration, polymerization,
photography, pharmaceuticals, soaps, lubricants, ink explosives, ammonium compounds,
synthesis, detergents and cleansers.
SUPPLIER
Company: Quantum Chemicals Pty Ltd
Address:
70 Quantum Close
Quantum Industrial Park
Dandenong South VIC 3175
Australia
Telephone: 1300 782 688
Emergency Tel: 1300 131 001
Fax: 1300 782 699
HAZARD RATINGS
Flammability
Toxicity
Body Contact
Reactivity
Chronic
SCALE: Min/Nil=0 Low=1 Moderate=2 High=3 Extreme=4
AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
For Workplace - Small Volume Use Only. CHEMWATCH 2672-1
Issue Date: 16-Aug-2006 Version No:4
NC317TLP CD 2007/3 Page 2 of 14
Section 2 - HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION
STATEMENT OF HAZARDOUS NATURE
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE. DANGEROUS GOODS. According to the Criteria of NOHSC,
and the ADG Code.
POISONS SCHEDULE
AS6/NZS3
RISK SAFETY
In use may form flammable/explosive vapour- air Do not breathe gas/ fumes/ vapour/ spray.
mixture.
Harmful by inhalation and if swallowed. Wear suitable protective clothing.
Irritating to respiratory system and skin. Use only in well ventilated areas.
Risk of serious damage to eyes. Keep container in a well ventilated place.
Very toxic to aquatic organisms. To clean the floor and all objects contaminated
by this material use water.
Cumulative effects may result following Keep container tightly closed.
exposure*.
* (limited evidence). This material and its container must be disposed
of in a safe way.
Keep away from food drink and animal feeding
stuffs.
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
If swallowed IMMEDIATELY contact Doctor or
Poisons Information Centre (show this container
or label).
Use appropriate container to avoid environment
contamination.
Avoid release to the environment. Refer to
special instructions/ safety data sheets.
This material and its container must be disposed
of as hazardous waste.
Section 3 - COMPOSITION / INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS
NAME CAS RN %
ammonium hydroxide 1336-21-6 100
(comprises 25- 35% ammonia in water)
Section 4 - FIRST AID MEASURES
SWALLOWED
路 For advice, contact a Poisons Information Centre or a doctor at once.
路 Urgent hospital treatment is likely to be needed.
路 If swallowed do NOT induce vomiting.
路 If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if
AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
For Workplace - Small Volume Use Only. CHEMWATCH 2672-1
Issue Date: 16-Aug-2006 Version No:4
NC317TLP CD 2007/3 Page 3 of 14
Section 4 - FIRST AID MEASURES
possible) to maintain open airway and prevent aspiration.
路 Observe the patient carefully.
路 Never give liquid to a person showing signs of being sleepy or with reduced awareness;
i.e. becoming unconscious.
路 Give water to rinse out mouth, then provide liquid slowly and as much as casualty can
comfortably drink.
路 Transport to hospital or doctor without delay.
EYE
If this product comes in contact with the eyes:
路 Immediately hold eyelids apart and flush the eye continuously with running water.
路 Ensure complete irrigation of the eye by keeping eyelids apart and away from eye and
moving the eyelids by occasionally lifting the upper and lower lids.
路 Continue flushing until advised to stop by the Poisons Information Centre or a doctor,
or for at least 15 minutes.
路 Transport to hospital or doctor without delay.
路 Removal of contact lenses after an eye injury should only be undertaken by skilled
personnel.
SKIN
If skin or hair contact occurs:
路 Immediately flush body and clothes with large amounts of water, using safety shower if
available.
路 Quickly remove all contaminated clothing, including footwear.
路 Wash skin and hair with running water. Continue flushing with water until advised to
stop by the Poisons Information Centre.
路 Transport to hospital, or doctor.
INHALED
路 If fumes or combustion products are inhaled remove from contaminated area.
路 Lay patient down. Keep warm and rested.
路 Prostheses such as false teeth, which may block airway, should be removed, where
possible, prior to initiating first aid procedures.
路 Apply artificial respiration if not breathing, preferably with a demand valve
resuscitator, bag-valve mask device, or pocket mask as trained. Perform CPR if necessary.
路 Transport to hospital, or doctor.
Section 5 - FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES
EXTINGUISHING MEDIA
路 Water spray or fog.
路 Foam.
路 Dry chemical powder.
路 BCF (where regulations permit).
路 Carbon dioxide.
FIRE FIGHTING
路 Alert Fire Brigade and tell them location and nature of hazard.
路 Wear full body protective clothing with breathing apparatus.
路 Prevent, by any means available, spillage from entering drains or water course.
路 Use fire fighting procedures suitable for surrounding area.
路 Do not approach containers suspected to be hot.
路 Cool fire exposed containers with water spray from a protected location.
路 If safe to do so, remove containers from path of fire.
路 Equipment should be thoroughly decontaminated after use.
FIRE/EXPLOSION HAZARD
路 Combustible.
AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
For Workplace - Small Volume Use Only. CHEMWATCH 2672-1
Issue Date: 16-Aug-2006 Version No:4
NC317TLP CD 2007/3 Page 4 of 14
Section 5 - FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES
路 Slight fire hazard when exposed to heat or flame.
路 Heating may cause expansion or decomposition leading to violent rupture of containers.
路 On combustion, may emit toxic fumes of carbon monoxide (CO).
路 May emit acrid smoke.
路 Mists containing combustible materials may be explosive.
Combustion products include: nitrogen oxides (NOx).
May emit corrosive fumes.
WARNING: In use may form flammable/ explosive vapour-air mixtures.
FIRE INCOMPATIBILITY
None known.
HAZCHEM: 2R
Section 6 - ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES
EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
MINOR SPILLS
路 Clean up all spills immediately.
路 Avoid breathing vapours and contact with skin and eyes.
路 Control personal contact by using protective equipment.
路 Contain and absorb spill with sand, earth, inert material or vermiculite.
路 Wipe up.
路 Place in a suitable labelled container for waste disposal.
MAJOR SPILLS
Chemical Class: bases
For release onto land: recommended sorbents listed in order of priority.
SORBENT TYPE RANK APPLICATION COLLECTION LIMITATIONS
LAND SPILL - SMALL
cross- linked 1 shovel shovel R, W, SS
polymer -
particulate
cross- linked 1 throw pitchfork R, DGC, RT
polymer - pillow
sorbent clay - 2 shovel shovel R, I, P
particulate
foamed glass - 2 throw pitchfork R, P, DGC, RT
pillow
expanded minerals 3 shovel shovel R, I, W, P, DGC
- particulate
foamed glass - 4 shovel shovel R, W, P, DGC,
particulate
LAND SPILL - MEDIUM
cross- linked 1 blower skiploader R, W, SS
AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
For Workplace - Small Volume Use Only. CHEMWATCH 2672-1
Issue Date: 16-Aug-2006 Version No:4
NC317TLP CD 2007/3 Page 5 of 14
Section 6 - ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES
polymer -
particulate
sorbent clay - 2 blower skiploader R, I, P
particulate
expanded mineral - 3 blower skiploader R, I, W, P, DGC
particulate
cross- linked 3 throw skiploader R, DGC, RT
polymer - pillow
foamed glass - 4 blower skiploader R, W, P, DGC
particulate
foamed glass - 4 throw skiploader R, P, DGC., RT
pillow
Legend
DGC: Not effective where ground cover is dense
R; Not reusable
I: Not incinerable
P: Effectiveness reduced when rainy
RT:Not effective where terrain is rugged
SS: Not for use within environmentally sensitive sites
W: Effectiveness reduced when windy
Reference: Sorbents for Liquid Hazardous Substance Cleanup and Control;
R.W Melvold et al: Pollution Technology Review No. 150: Noyes Data Corporation 1988.
DO NOT touch the spill material.
路 Clear area of personnel and move upwind.
路 Alert Fire Brigade and tell them location and nature of hazard.
路 Wear full body protective clothing with breathing apparatus.
路 Prevent, by any means available, spillage from entering drains or water course.
路 Stop leak if safe to do so.
路 Contain spill with sand, earth or vermiculite.
路 Collect recoverable product into labelled containers for recycling.
路 Neutralise/decontaminate residue.
路 Collect solid residues and seal in labelled drums for disposal.
路 Wash area and prevent runoff into drains.
路 After clean up operations, decontaminate and launder all protective clothing and
equipment before storing and re-using.
路 If contamination of drains or waterways occurs, advise emergency services.
EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLANNING GUIDELINES (ERPG)
The maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed that nearly all individuals could be exposed
for up to one hour WITHOUT experiencing or developing
life-threatening health effects is:
ammonium hydroxide 750 ppm
irreversible or other serious effects or symptoms which could impair an individual's ability to take
protective action is:
ammonium hydroxide 150 ppm
other than mild, transient adverse effects without perceiving a clearly defined odour is:
ammonium hydroxide 25 ppm
The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no appreciable risk of health effects:
ammonium hydroxide 25 ppm
American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA)
AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
For Workplace - Small Volume Use Only. CHEMWATCH 2672-1
Issue Date: 16-Aug-2006 Version No:4
NC317TLP CD 2007/3 Page 6 of 14
Section 6 - ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES
Ingredients considered according to the following cutoffs
Very Toxic (T+) >= 0.1% Toxic (T) >= 3.0%
R50 >= 0.25% Corrosive (C) >= 5.0%
R51 >= 2.5%
else >= 10%
where percentage is percentage of ingredient found in the mixture
Personal Protective Equipment advice is contained in Section 8 of the MSDS.
Section 7 - HANDLING AND STORAGE
PROCEDURE FOR HANDLING
DO NOT allow clothing wet with material to stay in contact with skin.
DO NOT use aluminium, galvanised or tin-plated containers.
DO NOT use unlined steel containers.
路 Avoid all personal contact, including inhalation.
路 Wear protective clothing when risk of exposure occurs.
路 Use in a well-ventilated area.
路 Avoid contact with moisture.
路 Avoid contact with incompatible materials.
路 When handling, DO NOT eat, drink or smoke.
路 Keep containers securely sealed when not in use.
路 Avoid physical damage to containers.
路 Always wash hands with soap and water after handling.
路 Work clothes should be laundered separately. Launder contaminated clothing before re
-use.
路 Use good occupational work practice.
路 Observe manufacturer's storing and handling recommendations.
路 Atmosphere should be regularly checked against established exposure standards to ensure
safe working conditions are maintained.
SUITABLE CONTAINER
Glass container.
Heavy gauge metal packages / Heavy gauge metal drums.
路 Lined metal can, lined metal pail/ can.
路 Plastic pail.
路 Polyliner drum.
路 Packing as recommended by manufacturer.
路 Check all containers are clearly labelled and free from leaks.
STORAGE INCOMPATIBILITY
Avoid strong acids.
Avoid any contamination of this material as it is very reactive and any contamination is
potentially hazardous.
Avoid contact with copper, aluminium and their alloys.
The concentrate material forms explosive mixtures with oxygen, chlorine,
iodine, mercury, silver, bromine and hypochlorite.
STORAGE REQUIREMENTS
路 Store in original containers.
路 Store in an upright position.
路 DO NOT store in pits, depressions, basements or areas where vapours may be trapped.
路 No smoking, naked lights, heat or ignition sources.
路 Keep containers securely sealed.
路 Contents under pressure.
路 Store in a cool, dry, well ventilated area; away from incompatible materials.
路 Avoid storage at temperatures higher than 40 deg C.
路 Protect containers against physical damage.
AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
For Workplace - Small Volume Use Only. CHEMWATCH 2672-1
Issue Date: 16-Aug-2006 Version No:4
NC317TLP CD 2007/3 Page 7 of 14
Section 7 - HANDLING AND STORAGE
路 Check regularly for leaks.
路 Observe manufacturer's storing and handling recommendations.
_____________________________________________________
SAFE STORAGE WITH OTHER CLASSIFIED CHEMICALS
+ X + X 0 +
_____________________________________________________
+: May be stored together
O: May be stored together with specific preventions
X: Must not be stored together
Section 8 - EXPOSURE CONTROLS / PERSONAL PROTECTION
EXPOSURE CONTROLS
Source Material TWA ppm TWA mg/m鲁 STEL ppm STEL mg/m鲁
_________ _________ _____ _____ _____ _____
Australia ammonium 25 17 35 24
Exposure hydroxide
Standards (Ammonia)
EMERGENCY EXPOSURE LIMITS
Material Revised IDLH Value (mg/m3) Revised IDLH Value (ppm)
ammonium hydroxide 300
MATERIAL DATA
Odour Threshold Value: Variously reported as 0.019 ppm and 55 ppm;
AIHA Value 16.7 ppm (detection)
NOTE: Detector tubes for ammonia, measuring in excess of 1 ppm, are
commercially available.
The TLV-TWA is thought to be protective against irritation of the eyes and
respiratory tract and minimise discomfort among workers that are not
inured to its effects and systemic damage. Acclimatised persons are able
to tolerate prolonged exposures of up to 100 ppm without symptoms. Marked
irritation has been seen in persons exposed to ammonia concentrations
between 50 and 100 ppm only when the exposures involved sudden
concentration peaks which do not permit short-term acclimatisation. The
detoxification capacity of the liver is significant since the amount of
ammonia formed endogenously in the intestines markedly exceeds that from
external sources.
Human exposure effects, at vapour concentrations of about:
--------------------------------------------------
--------------------
ppm Possible Effects
--------------------------------------------------
----------------------
5 minimal irritation
9-50 nasal dryness, olfactory fatigue and moderate irritation
125-137 definite nose, throat and chest irritation
140 slight eye irritation
150 laryngeal spasm
500 30 minute exposures may produce cyclic hypernea, increased blood
pressure and pulse rate, and upper respiratory tract irritation
which may persist for 24 hours
700 immediate eye irritation
AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
For Workplace - Small Volume Use Only. CHEMWATCH 2672-1
Issue Date: 16-Aug-2006 Version No:4
NC317TLP CD 2007/3 Page 8 of 14
Section 8 - EXPOSURE CONTROLS / PERSONAL PROTECTION
1500-10000 dyspnea, convulsive coughing, chest pain, respiratory spasm,
pink frothy sputum, rapid asphyxia and delayed pulmonary oedema
which may be fatal. Other effects include runny nose, swelling
of the lips, restlessness, headache, salivation, nausea,
vomiting, glottal oedema, pharyngitis, tracheitis, and speech
difficulties. Bronchopneumonia, asphyxiation due to spasms,
inflammation, and oedema of the larynx, may be fatal. Residual
effects include hoarseness, productive cough, and decreased
respiratory function
>2500 severe eye irritation, with swelling of the eyelids,
lachrymation, blepharospasm, palpebral oedema, increased
intraocular pressure, oval semi-dilated, fixed pupils, corneal
ulceration (often severe) and temporary blindness. Depending on
duration of exposure, there may be destruction of the
epithelium, corneal and lenticular opacification, and iritis
accompanied by hypopyon or haemorrhage and possible loss of
pigment from the posterior layer of the iris. Less severe
damage is often resolved. In the case of severe damage,
symptoms may be delayed; late complications including
persistent oedema, vascularisation and corneal scarring,
permanent opacity, acute angle glaucoma, staphyloma, cataract,
and atrophy of the retina, iris, and symblepharon.
Long-term exposure to sub-acute concentrations or single exposures to
high concentrations may produce chronic airway dysfunction, alveolar
disease, bronchiolitis, bronchiectasis, emphysema and anxiety neuroses
PERSONAL PROTECTION
EYE
路 Chemical goggles.
路 Full face shield may be required for supplementary but never for primary protection of
eyes
路 Contact lenses may pose a special hazard; soft contact lenses may absorb and
concentrate irritants. A written policy document, describing the wearing of lens or
restrictions on use, should be created for each workplace or task. This should include a
review of lens absorption and adsorption for the class of chemicals in use and an account
of injury experience. Medical and first-aid personnel should be trained in their removal
and suitable equipment should be readily available. In the event of chemical exposure,
begin eye irrigation immediately and remove contact lens as soon as practicable. Lens
should be removed at the first signs of eye redness or irritation - lens should be
removed in a clean environment only after workers have washed hands thoroughly. [CDC
NIOSH Current Intelligence Bulletin 59].
HANDS/FEET
Suitability and durability of glove type is dependent on usage. Factors such as:
路 frequency and duration of contact,
路 chemical resistance of glove material,
路 glove thickness and
路 dexterity,
are important in the selection of gloves.
Wear chemical protective gloves, eg. PVC.
Wear safety footwear or safety gumboots, eg. Rubber.
When handling corrosive liquids, wear trousers or overalls outside of boots, to avoid
AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
For Workplace - Small Volume Use Only. CHEMWATCH 2672-1
Issue Date: 16-Aug-2006 Version No:4
NC317TLP CD 2007/3 Page 9 of 14
Section 8 - EXPOSURE CONTROLS / PERSONAL PROTECTION
spills entering boots.
OTHER
路 Overalls.
路 PVC Apron.
路 PVC protective suit may be required if exposure severe.
路 Eyewash unit.
路 Ensure there is ready access to a safety shower.
The local concentration of material, quantity and conditions of use determine the type of
personal protective equipment required.
For further information consult site specific
CHEMWATCH data (if available), or your
Occupational Health and Safety Advisor.
ENGINEERING CONTROLS
General exhaust is adequate under normal operating conditions. Local exhaust ventilation
may be required in special circumstances. If risk of overexposure exists, wear approved
respirator. Supplied-air type respirator may be required in special circumstances.
Correct fit is essential to ensure adequate protection. Provide adequate ventilation in
warehouses and enclosed storage areas. Air contaminants generated in the workplace
possess varying "escape" velocities which, in turn, determine the "capture velocities" of
fresh circulating air required to effectively remove the contaminant.
Type of Contaminant: Air Speed:
solvent, vapours, degreasing etc., evaporating 0.25- 0.5 m/s (50- 100 f/min)
from tank (in still air).
aerosols, fumes from pouring operations, 0.5- 1 m/s (100- 200 f/min.)
intermittent container filling, low speed
conveyer transfers, welding, spray drift,
plating acid fumes, pickling (released at low
velocity into zone of active generation)
direct spray, spray painting in shallow booths, 1- 2.5 m/s (200- 500 f/min.)
drum filling, conveyer loading, crusher dusts,
gas discharge (active generation into zone of
rapid air motion)
grinding, abrasive blasting, tumbling, high 2.5- 10 m/s (500- 2000 f/min.)
speed wheel generated dusts (released at high
initial velocity into zone of very high rapid
air motion)
Within each range the appropriate value depends on:
Lower end of the range Upper end of the range
1: Room air currents minimal or favourable to 1: Disturbing room air currents
capture
2: Contaminants of low toxicity or of nuisance 2: Contaminants of high toxicity
value only.
3: Intermittent, low production. 3: High production, heavy use
4: Large hood or large air mass in motion 4: Small hood- local control only
Simple theory shows that air velocity falls rapidly with distance away from the opening
of a simple extraction pipe. Velocity generally decreases with the square of distance
from the extraction point (in simple cases). Therefore the air speed at the extraction
point should be adjusted, accordingly, after reference to distance from the contaminating
source. The air velocity at the extraction fan, for example, should be a minimum of 1-2
AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
For Workplace - Small Volume Use Only. CHEMWATCH 2672-1
Issue Date: 16-Aug-2006 Version No:4
NC317TLP CD 2007/3 Page 10 of 14
Section 8 - EXPOSURE CONTROLS / PERSONAL PROTECTION
m/s (200-400 f/min) for extraction of solvents generated in a tank 2 meters distant from
the extraction point. Other mechanical considerations, producing performance deficits
within the extraction apparatus, make it essential that theoretical air velocities are
multiplied by factors of 10 or more when extraction systems are installed or used.
Section 9 - PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
APPEARANCE
Colourless liquid with strong pungent odour. Ammonia gas is evolved on heating. Miscible
with water, immiscible with most organic solvents. Corrosive to copper, nickel zinc and
tin and their alloys eg. brass.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Liquid.
Mixes with water.
Corrosive.
Molecular Weight: 35.06 NH4OH Boiling Range (掳C): 100 theoretical
Melting Range (掳C): Not available. Specific Gravity (water=1): 0.88 nominal
Solubility in water (g/L): Soluble pH (as supplied): Not available
pH (1% solution): 11.7 Vapour Pressure (kPa): 66.7 @ 27 C
Volatile Component (%vol): 100 Evaporation Rate: Fast
Relative Vapour Density (air=1): 0.6 gas Flash Point (掳C): Non Flammable
Lower Explosive Limit (%): 16 ammonia gas Upper Explosive Limit (%): 25 ammonia gas
Autoignition Temp (掳C): 630 Decomposition Temp (掳C): Ambient
State: Liquid Viscosity: Not available
Section 10 - CHEMICAL STABILITY AND REACTIVITY INFORMATION
CONDITIONS CONTRIBUTING TO INSTABILITY
路 Presence of incompatible materials.
路 Product is considered stable.
路 Hazardous polymerisation will not occur.
Section 11 - TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
POTENTIAL HEALTH EFFECTS
ACUTE HEALTH EFFECTS
SWALLOWED
Accidental ingestion of the material may be harmful; animal experiments indicate that
ingestion of less than 150 gram may be fatal or may produce serious damage to the health
of the individual.
The material can produce chemical burns within the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract
following ingestion.
Large doses of ammonia or injected ammonium salts may produce diarrhoea and may be
sufficiently absorbed to produce increased production of urine and systemic poisoning.
Symptoms include weakening of facial muscle, tremor, anxiety, reduced muscle and limb
control.
Ingestion of alkaline corrosives may produce burns around the mouth, ulcerations and
swellings of the mucous membranes, profuse saliva production, with an inability to speak
or swallow. Both the oesophagus and stomach may experience burning pain; vomiting and
diarrhoea may follow. Epiglottal swelling may result in respiratory distress and asphyxia
; shock can occur. Narrowing of the oesophagus, stomach or stomach valve may occur
AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
For Workplace - Small Volume Use Only. CHEMWATCH 2672-1
Issue Date: 16-Aug-2006 Version No:4
NC317TLP CD 2007/3 Page 11 of 14
Section 11 - TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
immediately or after a long delay (weeks to years). Severe exposure can perforate the
oesophagus or stomach leading to infections of the chest or abdominal cavity, with low
chest pain, abdominal stiffness and fever. All of the above can cause death.
EYE
The material can produce chemical burns to the eye following direct contact. Vapours or
mists may be extremely irritating.
If applied to the eyes, this material causes severe eye damage.
The vapour when concentrated has pronounced eye irritation effects and this gives some
warning of high vapour concentrations. If eye irritation occurs seek to reduce exposure
with available control measures, or evacuate area.
Direct eye contact with corrosive bases can cause pain and burns. There may be swelling,
epithelium destruction, clouding of the cornea and inflammation of the iris. Mild cases
often resolve; severe cases can be prolonged with complications such as persistent
swelling, scarring, permanent cloudiness, bulging of the eye, cataracts, eyelids glued to
the eyeball and blindness.
SKIN
The material can produce chemical burns following direct contact
with the skin.
Skin contact is not thought to produce harmful health effects (as classified under EC
Directives using animal models). Systemic harm, however, has been identified following
exposure of animals by at least one other route and the material may still produce health
damage following entry through wounds, lesions or abrasions. Good hygiene practice
requires that exposure be kept to a minimum and that suitable gloves be used in an
occupational setting.
Entry into the blood-stream, through, for example, cuts, abrasions or lesions, may
produce systemic injury with harmful effects. Examine the skin prior to the use of the
material and ensure that any external damage is suitably protected.
Skin contact with alkaline corrosives may produce severe pain and burns; brownish stains
may develop. The corroded area may be soft, gelatinous and necrotic; tissue destruction
may be deep.
INHALED
Inhalation of vapours or aerosols (mists, fumes), generated by the material during the
course of normal handling, may be harmful.
The highly irritant properties of ammonia vapour result as the gas dissolves in mucous
fluids and forms irritant, even corrosive solutions.
If exposure to highly concentrated vapour atmosphere is prolonged this may lead to
narcosis, unconsciousness, even coma and unless resuscitated - death.
Inhaling corrosive bases may irritate the respiratory tract. Symptoms include cough,
choking, pain and damage to the mucous membrane. In severe cases, lung swelling may
develop, sometimes after a delay of hours to days. There may be low blood pressure, a
weak and rapid pulse, and crackling sounds.
CHRONIC HEALTH EFFECTS
Repeated or prolonged exposure to corrosives may result in the erosion of teeth,
inflammatory and ulcerative changes in the mouth and necrosis (rarely) of the jaw.
Bronchial irritation, with cough, and frequent attacks of bronchial pneumonia may ensue.
Gastrointestinal disturbances may also occur. Chronic exposures may result in dermatitis
and/or conjunctivitis.
Substance accumulation, in the human body, may occur and may cause some concern following
repeated or long-term occupational exposure.
TOXICITY AND IRRITATION
unless otherwise specified data extracted from RTECS - Register of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances.
TOXICITY IRRITATION
Oral (rat) LD50: 350 mg/kg Eye (rabbit): 0.25 mg SEVERE
Oral (human) LDLo: 43 mg/kg Eye (rabbit): 1 mg/30s SEVERE
Inhalation (human) LCLo: 5000 ppm/5m
Inhalation (human) TCLo: 20 ppm
AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
For Workplace - Small Volume Use Only. CHEMWATCH 2672-1
Issue Date: 16-Aug-2006 Version No:4
NC317TLP CD 2007/3 Page 12 of 14
Section 11 - TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
Inhalation (rat) LC50: 2000 ppm/4h
Unreported (man) LDLo: 132 mg/kg
The material may produce severe irritation to the eye causing pronounced inflammation.
Repeated or prolonged exposure to irritants may produce conjunctivitis.
Asthma-like symptoms may continue for months or even years after exposure to the material
ceases. This may be due to a non-allergenic condition known as reactive airways
dysfunction syndrome (RADS) which can occur following exposure to high levels of highly
irritating compound. Key criteria for the diagnosis of RADS include the absence of
preceding respiratory disease, in a non-atopic individual, with abrupt onset of
persistent asthma-like symptoms within minutes to hours of a documented exposure to the
irritant. A reversible airflow pattern, on spirometry, with the presence of moderate to
severe bronchial hyperreactivity on methacholine challenge testing and the lack of
minimal lymphocytic inflammation, without eosinophilia, have also been included in the
criteria for diagnosis of RADS. RADS (or asthma) following an irritating inhalation is an
infrequent disorder with rates related to the concentration of and duration of exposure
to the irritating substance. Industrial bronchitis, on the other hand, is a disorder that
occurs as result of exposure due to high concentrations of irritating substance (often
particulate in nature) and is completely reversible after exposure ceases. The disorder
is characterised by dyspnea, cough and mucus production.
Section 12 - ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
Fish LC50 (96hr.) (mg/l): 8.2
In air ammonia is persistent whilst, in water, it biodegrades rapidly to nitrate,
producing a high oxygen demand. Ammonia is strongly adsorbed to soil. Ammonia is non
-persistent in water (half-life 2 days) and is moderately toxic to fish under normal
temperature and pH conditions. Ammonia is harmful to aquatic life at low concentrations
but does not concentrate in the food chain.
Drinking Water Standards:
0.5 mg/l (UK max.)
1.5 mg/l (WHO Levels)
Soil Guidelines: none available.
Air Quality Standards: none available.
Prevent, by any means available, spillage from entering drains or water
courses.
Do NOT allow product to come in contact with surface waters or to intertidal areas below
the mean high water mark. Do not contaminate water when cleaning equipment or disposing
of equipment wash-waters.
Wastes resulting from use of the product must be disposed of on site or at approved waste
sites.
DO NOT discharge into sewer or waterways.
Section 13 - DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS
路 Recycle wherever possible.
路 Consult manufacturer for recycling options or consult local or regional waste
management authority for disposal if no suitable treatment or disposal facility can be
identified.
路 Treat and neutralise at an approved treatment plant.
路 Treatment should involve: Neutralisation with suitable dilute acid followed by: Burial
in a licenced land-fill or Incineration in a licenced apparatus (after admixture with
suitable combustible material).
路 Decontaminate empty containers. Observe all label safeguards until containers are
cleaned and destroyed.
路 Containers may still present a chemical hazard/ danger when empty.
AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
For Workplace - Small Volume Use Only. CHEMWATCH 2672-1
Issue Date: 16-Aug-2006 Version No:4
NC317TLP CD 2007/3 Page 13 of 14
Section 13 - DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS
路 Return to supplier for reuse/ recycling if possible.
Otherwise:
路 If container can not be cleaned sufficiently well to ensure that residuals do not
remain or if the container cannot be used to store the same product, then puncture
containers, to prevent re-use, and bury at an authorised landfill.
路 Where possible retain label warnings and MSDS and observe all notices pertaining to the
product.
Section 14 - TRANSPORTATION INFORMATION
Labels Required: CORROSIVE
HAZCHEM: 2R
UNDG:
Dangerous Goods Class: 8 Subrisk: None
UN Number: 2672 Packing Group: III
Shipping Name:AMMONIA SOLUTION, relative density between 0.880 and
0.957 at 15 掳C in water, with more than 10% but not more than 35%
ammonia
Air Transport IATA:
ICAO/IATA Class: 8 ICAO/IATA Subrisk: None
UN/ID Number: 2672 Packing Group: III
Special provisions: A64
Shipping Name: AMMONIA SOLUTION RELATIVE DENSITY (SPECIFIC
GRAVITY) BETWEEN 0.880 AND 0.957 AT 15掳C IN WATER, WITH
MORE THAN 10% BUT NOT MORE THAN 35% AMMONIA
Maritime Transport IMDG:
IMDG Class: 8 IMDG Subrisk: None
UN Number: 2672 Packing Group: III
EMS Number: F- A, S- B Special provisions: None
Shipping Name: AMMONIA SOLUTION relative density between
0.880 and 0.957 at 15掳C in water, with more than 10% but
not more than 35% ammonia by mass
Section 15 - REGULATORY INFORMATION
POISONS SCHEDULE: AS6/NZS3
REGULATIONS
ammonium hydroxide (CAS: 1336-21-6) is found on the following regulatory lists;
Australia - Australian Capital Territory - Environment Protection Regulation: Pollutants entering waterways taken to cause environmental harm (Aquatic
habitat)
Australia - Australian Capital Territory Environment Protection Regulation Pollutants entering waterways - Domestic water quality
Australia - Queensland Hazardous Materials and Prescribed Quantities for Major Hazard Facilities
Australia Exposure Standards
Australia High Volume Industrial Chemical List (HVICL)
Australia Inventory of Chemical Substances (AICS)
Australia Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Drugs and Poisons (SUSDP) - Appendix E (Part 2)
Australia Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Drugs and Poisons (SUSDP) - Appendix F (Part 3)
Australia Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Drugs and Poisons (SUSDP) - Schedule 5
AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
For Workplace - Small Volume Use Only. CHEMWATCH 2672-1
Issue Date: 16-Aug-2006 Version No:4
NC317TLP CD 2007/3 Page 14 of 14
Section 15 - REGULATORY INFORMATION
Australia Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Drugs and Poisons (SUSDP) - Schedule 6
CODEX General Standard for Food Additives (GSFA) - Additives Permitted for Use in Food in General, Unless Otherwise Specified, in Accordance with GMP
IMO MARPOL 73/78 (Annex II) - List of Noxious Liquid Substances Carried in Bulk
International Council of Chemical Associations (ICCA) - High Production Volume List
OECD Representative List of High Production Volume (HPV) Chemicals
WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality - Chemicals for which guideline values have not been established
Section 16 - OTHER INFORMATION
Classification of the preparation and its individual components has drawn on official and
authoritative sources as well as independent review by the Chemwatch Classification
committee using available literature references.
This document is copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of private study, research, review or
criticism, as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part may be reproduced by any process without written permission
from CHEMWATCH. TEL (+61 3) 9572 4700.
Issue Date: 16-Aug-2006
Print Date: 17-Dec-2007
|