PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 8-Mar-2007 CHEMWATCH 2214
NC317TCP Version No:4
CD 2007/3 Page 1 of 16
Section 1 - CHEMICAL PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION
PRODUCT NAME
PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE
SYNONYMS
C8-H4-O3, "1, 2-benzenedicarboxylic acid anhydride", "1, 2-benzenedicarboxylic acid
anhydride", "1, 3-dioxophthalan", "1, 3-dioxophthalan", "1, 3-dihydro-1, 3
-dioxoisobenzofuran", "1, 3-dihydro-1, 3-dioxoisobenzofuran", "1, 3-isobenzofurandione",
"1, 3-isobenzofurandione", phthalandione, "1, 3-phthalandione", "1, 3-phthalandione",
"phthalic acid anhydride", "phthalic anhydride solid", molten
PROPER SHIPPING NAME
PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE with more than 0.05% of maleic anhydride
PRODUCT USE
Used in production of alkyd resins, a range of phthalate plasticisers, polyesters,
synthesis of phenolphthalein and other phthalein dyes, pharmaceutical intermediates,
insecticides.
SUPPLIER
Company: Quantum Chemicals Pty Ltd
Address:
70 Quantum Close
Dandenong South
Victoria 3175
Telephone: 03 8795 8000
Emergency Tel: 1300 131 001
Fax: 03 8795 8099
HAZARD RATINGS
Flammability
Toxicity
Body Contact
Reactivity
Chronic
SCALE: Min/Nil=0 Low=1 Moderate=2 High=3 Extreme=4
PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 8-Mar-2007 CHEMWATCH 2214
NC317TCP Version No:4
CD 2007/3 Page 2 of 16
Section 2 - HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION
STATEMENT OF HAZARDOUS NATURE
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE. DANGEROUS GOODS. According to the Criteria of NOHSC,
and the ADG Code.
POISONS SCHEDULE
None
RISK SAFETY
Harmful if swallowed. Do not breathe dust.
Irritating to respiratory system and skin. Wear suitable protective clothing.
Risk of serious damage to eyes. To clean the floor and all objects contaminated
by this material use water and detergent.
May cause SENSITISATION by inhalation. Keep away from food drink and animal feeding
stuffs.
May cause SENSITISATION by skin contact. Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Cumulative effects may result following If swallowed IMMEDIATELY contact Doctor or
exposure*. Poisons Information Centre (show this container
or label).
* (limited evidence). This material and its container must be disposed
of as hazardous waste.
Section 3 - COMPOSITION / INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS
NAME CAS RN %
phthalic anhydride 85-44-9 100
Section 4 - FIRST AID MEASURES
SWALLOWED
路 For advice, contact a Poisons Information Centre or a doctor at once.
路 Urgent hospital treatment is likely to be needed.
路 If swallowed do NOT induce vomiting.
路 If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if
possible) to maintain open airway and prevent aspiration.
路 Observe the patient carefully.
路 Never give liquid to a person showing signs of being sleepy or with reduced awareness;
i.e. becoming unconscious.
路 Give water to rinse out mouth, then provide liquid slowly and as much as casualty can
comfortably drink.
路 Transport to hospital or doctor without delay.
EYE
If this product comes in contact with the eyes:
路 Immediately hold eyelids apart and flush the eye continuously with running water.
路 Ensure complete irrigation of the eye by keeping eyelids apart and away from eye and
moving the eyelids by occasionally lifting the upper and lower lids.
PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 8-Mar-2007 CHEMWATCH 2214
NC317TCP Version No:4
CD 2007/3 Page 3 of 16
Section 4 - FIRST AID MEASURES
路 Continue flushing until advised to stop by the Poisons Information Centre or a doctor,
or for at least 15 minutes.
路 Transport to hospital or doctor without delay.
路 Removal of contact lenses after an eye injury should only be undertaken by skilled
personnel.
For THERMAL burns:
路 Do NOT remove contact lens
路 Lay victim down, on stretcher if available and pad BOTH eyes, make sure dressing does
not press on the injured eye by placing thick pads under dressing, above and below the
eye.
路 Seek urgent medical assistance, or transport to hospital.
SKIN
In case of burns:
路 Immediately apply cold water to burn either by immersion or wrapping with saturated
clean cloth.
路 DO NOT remove or cut away clothing over burnt areas. DO NOT pull away clothing which
has adhered to the skin as this can cause further injury.
路 DO NOT break blister or remove solidified material.
路 Quickly cover wound with dressing or clean cloth to help prevent infection and to ease
pain.
路 For large burns, sheets, towels or pillow slips are ideal; leave holes for eyes, nose
and mouth.
路 DO NOT apply ointments, oils, butter, etc. to a burn under any circumstances.
路 Water may be given in small quantities if the person is conscious.
路 Alcohol is not to be given under any circumstances.
路 Reassure.
路 Treat for shock by keeping the person warm and in a lying position.
路 Seek medical aid and advise medical personnel in advance of the cause and extent of the
injury and the estimated time of arrival of the patient.
If skin or hair contact occurs:
路 Immediately flush body and clothes with large amounts of water, using safety shower if
available.
路 Quickly remove all contaminated clothing, including footwear.
路 Wash skin and hair with running water. Continue flushing with water until advised to
stop by the Poisons Information Centre.
路 Transport to hospital, or doctor.
INHALED
路 If dust is inhaled, remove from contaminated area.
路 Encourage patient to blow nose to ensure clear breathing passages.
路 Ask patient to rinse mouth with water but to not drink water.
路 Seek immediate medical attention.
路 If fumes or combustion products are inhaled remove from contaminated area.
路 Lay patient down. Keep warm and rested.
路 Prostheses such as false teeth, which may block airway, should be removed, where
possible, prior to initiating first aid procedures.
路 Apply artificial respiration if not breathing, preferably with a demand valve
resuscitator, bag-valve mask device, or pocket mask as trained. Perform CPR if necessary.
路 Transport to hospital, or doctor.
NOTES TO PHYSICIAN
Treat symptomatically.
for corrosives:
--------------------------------------------------------------
BASIC TREATMENT
--------------------------------------------------------------
路 Establish a patent airway with suction where necessary.
路 Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilation as necessary.
路 Administer oxygen by non-rebreather mask at 10 to 15 l/min.
路 Monitor and treat, where necessary, for pulmonary oedema .
PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 8-Mar-2007 CHEMWATCH 2214
NC317TCP Version No:4
CD 2007/3 Page 4 of 16
Section 4 - FIRST AID MEASURES
路 Monitor and treat, where necessary, for shock.
路 Anticipate seizures.
路 Where eyes have been exposed, flush immediately with water and continue to irrigate
with normal saline during transport to hospital.
路 DO NOT use emetics. Where ingestion is suspected rinse mouth and give up to 200 ml
water (5 ml/kg recommended) for dilution where patient is able to swallow, has a strong
gag reflex and does not drool.
路 Skin burns should be covered with dry, sterile bandages, following decontamination.
路 DO NOT attempt neutralisation as exothermic reaction may occur.
--------------------------------------------------------------
ADVANCED TREATMENT
--------------------------------------------------------------
路 Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in unconscious
patient or where respiratory arrest has occurred.
路 Positive-pressure ventilation using a bag-valve mask might be of use.
路 Monitor and treat, where necessary, for arrhythmias.
路 Start an IV D5W TKO. If signs of hypovolaemia are present use lactated Ringers
solution. Fluid overload might create complications.
路 Drug therapy should be considered for pulmonary oedema.
路 Hypotension with signs of hypovolaemia requires the cautious administration of fluids.
Fluid overload might create complications.
路 Treat seizures with diazepam.
路 Proparacaine hydrochloride should be used to assist eye irrigation.
--------------------------------------------------------------
EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT
--------------------------------------------------------------
路 Laboratory analysis of complete blood count, serum electrolytes, BUN, creatinine,
glucose, urinalysis, baseline for serum aminotransferases (ALT and AST), calcium,
phosphorus and magnesium, may assist in establishing a treatment regime.
路 Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)-assisted ventilation may be required for acute
parenchymal injury or adult respiratory distress syndrome.
路 Consider endoscopy to evaluate oral injury.
路 Consult a toxicologist as necessary.
BRONSTEIN, A.C. and CURRANCE, P.L. EMERGENCY CARE FOR HAZARDOUS MATERIALS EXPOSURE: 2nd
Ed. 1994.
Section 5 - FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES
EXTINGUISHING MEDIA
路 Foam.
路 Dry chemical powder.
路 BCF (where regulations permit).
路 Carbon dioxide.
路 Water spray or fog - Large fires only.
路 Do NOT direct a solid stream of water or foam into burning molten material; this may
cause spattering and spread the fire.
FIRE FIGHTING
路 Alert Fire Brigade and tell them location and nature of hazard.
路 Wear full body protective clothing with breathing apparatus.
路 Prevent, by any means available, spillage from entering drains or water course.
路 Use fire fighting procedures suitable for surrounding area.
路 Do not approach containers suspected to be hot.
路 Cool fire exposed containers with water spray from a protected location.
路 If safe to do so, remove containers from path of fire.
路 Equipment should be thoroughly decontaminated after use.
PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 8-Mar-2007 CHEMWATCH 2214
NC317TCP Version No:4
CD 2007/3 Page 5 of 16
Section 5 - FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES
FIRE/EXPLOSION HAZARD
路 Combustible.
路 Slight fire hazard when exposed to heat or flame.
路 Heating may cause expansion or decomposition leading to violent rupture of containers.
路 On combustion, may emit toxic fumes of carbon monoxide (CO).
路 May emit acrid smoke. May emit corrosive fumes.
Combustion products include: carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), other
pyrolysis products typical of burning organic material.
NOTE: Burns with intense heat. Produces melting, flowing, burning liquid and dense acrid
black smoke.
May emit corrosive fumes.
FIRE INCOMPATIBILITY
Avoid contamination with oxidising agents i.e. nitrates, oxidising acids, chlorine
bleaches, pool chlorine etc. as ignition may result.
HAZCHEM: 2X
Personal Protective Equipment
Gas tight chemical resistant suit.
Section 6 - ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES
EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
MINOR SPILLS
路 Remove all ignition sources.
路 Clean up all spills immediately.
路 Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
路 Control personal contact by using protective equipment.
路 Use dry clean up procedures and avoid generating dust.
路 Place in a suitable labelled container for waste disposal.
MAJOR SPILLS
路 Clear area of personnel and move upwind.
路 Alert Fire Brigade and tell them location and nature of hazard.
路 Wear full body protective clothing with breathing apparatus.
路 Prevent, by any means available, spillage from entering drains or water course.
路 Consider evacuation (or protect in place).
路 Stop leak if safe to do so.
路 Contain spill with sand, earth or vermiculite.
路 Collect recoverable product into labelled containers for recycling.
路 Neutralise/decontaminate residue.
路 Collect solid residues and seal in labelled drums for disposal.
路 Wash area and prevent runoff into drains.
路 After clean up operations, decontaminate and launder all protective clothing and
equipment before storing and re-using.
路 If contamination of drains or waterways occurs, advise emergency services.
PROTECTIVE ACTIONS FOR SPILL
PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 8-Mar-2007 CHEMWATCH 2214
NC317TCP Version No:4
CD 2007/3 Page 6 of 16
Section 6 - ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES
PROTECTIVE ACTION ZONE
half
evacuation
downwind
direction
distance
down wind distance
wind isolation
distance
direction
half
evacuation downwind
INITIAL direction distance
ISOLATION
ZONE
From IERG (Canada/Australia)
Isolation Distance 25 metres
Downwind Protection Distance 250 metres
IERG Number 39
FOOTNOTES
1 PROTECTIVE ACTION ZONE is defined as the area in which people are at risk of harmful exposure. This zone
assumes that random changes in wind direction confines the vapour plume to an area within 30 degrees on
either side of the predominant wind direction, resulting in a crosswind protective action distance equal
to the downwind protective action distance.
2 PROTECTIVE ACTIONS should be initiated to the extent possible, beginning with those closest to the spill
and working away from the site in the downwind direction. Within the protective action zone a level of
vapour concentration may exist resulting in nearly all unprotected persons becoming incapacitated and
unable to take protective action and/or incurring serious or irreversible health effects.
3 INITIAL ISOLATION ZONE is determined as an area, including upwind of the incident, within which a high
probability of localised wind reversal may expose nearly all persons without appropriate protection to
life-threatening concentrations of the material.
4 SMALL SPILLS involve a leaking package of 200 litres (55 US gallons) or less, such as a drum (jerrican or
box with inner containers). Larger packages leaking less than 200 litres and compressed gas leaking from
a small cylinder are also considered "small spills".
LARGE SPILLS involve many small leaking packages or a leaking package of greater than 200 litres, such as
a cargo tank, portable tank or a "one-tonne" compressed gas cylinder.
5 Guide 156 is taken from the US DOT emergency response guide book.
6 IERG information is derived from CANUTEC - Transport Canada.
EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLANNING GUIDELINES (ERPG)
The maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed that nearly all individuals could be exposed
for up to one hour WITHOUT experiencing or developing
life-threatening health effects is:
phthalic anhydride 60 mg/m鲁
irreversible or other serious effects or symptoms which could impair an individual's ability to take
protective action is:
phthalic anhydride 30 mg/m鲁
other than mild, transient adverse effects without perceiving a clearly defined odour is:
phthalic anhydride 12 mg/m鲁
The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no appreciable risk of health effects:
phthalic anhydride 12 mg/m鲁
American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA)
Ingredients considered according to the following cutoffs
Very Toxic (T+) >= 0.1% Toxic (T) >= 3.0%
PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 8-Mar-2007 CHEMWATCH 2214
NC317TCP Version No:4
CD 2007/3 Page 7 of 16
Section 6 - ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES
R50 >= 0.25% Corrosive (C) >= 5.0%
R51 >= 2.5%
else >= 10%
where percentage is percentage of ingredient found in the mixture
Personal Protective Equipment advice is contained in Section 8 of the MSDS.
Section 7 - HANDLING AND STORAGE
PROCEDURE FOR HANDLING
路 Avoid all personal contact, including inhalation.
路 Wear protective clothing when risk of exposure occurs.
路 Use in a well-ventilated area.
路 Avoid contact with moisture.
路 Avoid contact with incompatible materials.
路 When handling, DO NOT eat, drink or smoke.
路 Keep containers securely sealed when not in use.
路 Avoid physical damage to containers.
路 Always wash hands with soap and water after handling.
路 Work clothes should be laundered separately. Launder contaminated clothing before re
-use.
路 Use good occupational work practice.
路 Observe manufacturer's storing and handling recommendations.
路 Atmosphere should be regularly checked against established exposure standards to ensure
safe working conditions are maintained.
路 The greatest potential for injury caused by molten materials occurs during purging of
machinery (moulders, extruders etc.)
路 It is essential that workers in the immediate area of the machinery wear eye and skin
protection (such as full face, safety glasses, heat resistant gloves, overalls and safety
boots) as protection from thermal burns.
路 Fumes or vapours emitted from hot melted materials, during converting operations, may
condense on overhead metal surfaces or exhaust ducts. The condensate may contain
substances which are irritating or toxic. Avoid contact of that material with the skin.
Wear rubber or other impermeable gloves when cleaning contaminated areas.
路 Avoid process temperatures above decomposition temperatures. Overheating may occur at
excessively high cylinder heats, overworking of the melt by wrong screw configuration, or
by long dwell time in the machine. Under such conditions, thermal emissions and heat
-degradation products might, without proper ventilation, reach hazardous concentrations
in the converting area. Hot purgings should be collected only as thin flat strands to
allow for rapid cooling. Hot purgings should be cooled by quenching in water in a well
-ventilated area.
SUITABLE CONTAINER
路 Lined metal can, lined metal pail/ can.
路 Plastic pail.
路 Polyliner drum.
路 Packing as recommended by manufacturer.
路 Check all containers are clearly labelled and free from leaks.
STORAGE INCOMPATIBILITY
Segregate from alcohol, water.
Avoid reaction with oxidising agents.
Keep dry.
Avoid storage nitric acid, sodium nitrite and copper oxide.
STORAGE REQUIREMENTS
路 Store in original containers.
路 Keep containers securely sealed.
PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 8-Mar-2007 CHEMWATCH 2214
NC317TCP Version No:4
CD 2007/3 Page 8 of 16
Section 7 - HANDLING AND STORAGE
路 Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area.
路 Store away from incompatible materials and foodstuff containers.
路 Protect containers against physical damage and check regularly for leaks.
路 Observe manufacturer's storing and handling recommendations.
_____________________________________________________
SAFE STORAGE WITH OTHER CLASSIFIED CHEMICALS
+ X + X 0 +
_____________________________________________________
+: May be stored together
O: May be stored together with specific preventions
X: Must not be stored together
Section 8 - EXPOSURE CONTROLS / PERSONAL PROTECTION
EXPOSURE CONTROLS
Source Material TWA ppm TWA mg/m鲁
_________ _________ _____ _____
Australia Exposure phthalic anhydride 1 6.1
Standards (Phthalic anhydride)
EMERGENCY EXPOSURE LIMITS
Material Revised IDLH Value (mg/m3) Revised IDLH Value (ppm)
phthalic anhydride 60
ODOUR SAFETY FACTOR (OSF)
OSF=19 (o-PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE)
Exposed individuals are NOT reasonably expected to be warned, by smell, that the Exposure
Standard is being exceeded.
Odour Safety Factor (OSF) is determined to fall into either Class C, D or E.
The Odour Safety Factor (OSF) is defined as:
OSF= Exposure Standard (TWA) ppm/ Odour Threshold Value (OTV) ppm
Classification into classes follows:
Class OSF Description
A 550 Over 90% of exposed individuals
are aware by smell that the
Exposure Standard (TLV- TWA for
example) is being reached, even
when distracted by working
activities
B 26- 550 As " A" for 50- 90% of persons
being distracted
C 1- 26 As " A" for less than 50% of
persons being distracted
D 0.18- 1 10- 50% of persons aware of
being tested perceive by smell
that the Exposure Standard is
being reached
E <0.18 As " D" for less than 10% of
persons aware of being tested
PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 8-Mar-2007 CHEMWATCH 2214
NC317TCP Version No:4
CD 2007/3 Page 9 of 16
Section 8 - EXPOSURE CONTROLS / PERSONAL PROTECTION
.
MATERIAL DATA
Sensory irritants are chemicals that produce temporary and undesirable side-effects on
the eyes, nose or throat. Historically occupational exposure standards for these
irritants have been based on observation of workers' responses to various airborne
concentrations. Present day expectations require that nearly every individual should be
protected against even minor sensory irritation and exposure standards are established
using uncertainty factors or safety factors of 5 to 10 or more. On occasion animal no
-observable-effect-levels (NOEL) are used to determine these limits where human results
are unavailable. An additional approach, typically used by the TLV committee (USA) in
determining respiratory standards for this group of chemicals, has been to assign ceiling
values (TLV C) to rapidly acting irritants and to assign short-term exposure limits (TLV
STELs) when the weight of evidence from irritation, bioaccumulation and other endpoints
combine to warrant such a limit. In contrast the MAK Commission (Germany) uses a five
-category system based on intensive odour, local irritation, and elimination half-life.
However this system is being replaced to be consistent with the European Union (EU)
Scientific Committee for Occupational Exposure Limits (SCOEL); this is more closely
allied to that of the USA.
OSHA (USA) concluded that exposure to sensory irritants can:
路 cause inflammation
路 cause increased susceptibility to other irritants and infectious agents
路 lead to permanent injury or dysfunction
路 permit greater absorption of hazardous substances and
路 acclimate the worker to the irritant warning properties of these substances thus
increasing the risk of overexposure.
Phthalic anhydride produces irritation and sensitisation of the skin and
respiratory tract as well as well as severe eye irritation. By comparison
with other industrial acid anhydrides such as tetrachlorophthalic
anhydride and maleic acid anhydride, it is produces less irritation on an
equivalent weight basis. Exposure at or below the TLV-TWA is thought to
reduce the significant risk of respiratory, skin and eye irritation.
Measurements in factories processing phthalic anhydride indicate that
exposure to concentrations in a range above 1.5 to 3.0 mg/m3 frequently
leads to rhinitis, conjunctivitis and asthma. It cannot, however, be
deduced from the available data whether the changes are caused by
continuous exposure or whether they result from peak exposures.
PERSONAL PROTECTION
EYE
路 Chemical goggles.
路 Full face shield may be required for supplementary but never for primary protection of
eyes
路 Contact lenses may pose a special hazard; soft contact lenses may absorb and
concentrate irritants. A written policy document, describing the wearing of lens or
restrictions on use, should be created for each workplace or task. This should include a
review of lens absorption and adsorption for the class of chemicals in use and an account
of injury experience. Medical and first-aid personnel should be trained in their removal
and suitable equipment should be readily available. In the event of chemical exposure,
begin eye irrigation immediately and remove contact lens as soon as practicable. Lens
should be removed at the first signs of eye redness or irritation - lens should be
removed in a clean environment only after workers have washed hands thoroughly. [CDC
PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 8-Mar-2007 CHEMWATCH 2214
NC317TCP Version No:4
CD 2007/3 Page 10 of 16
Section 8 - EXPOSURE CONTROLS / PERSONAL PROTECTION
NIOSH Current Intelligence Bulletin 59].
HANDS/FEET
Suitability and durability of glove type is dependent on usage. Factors such as:
路 frequency and duration of contact,
路 chemical resistance of glove material,
路 glove thickness and
路 dexterity,
are important in the selection of gloves.
Wear chemical protective gloves, eg. PVC.
Wear safety footwear or safety gumboots, eg. Rubber.
NOTE: The material may produce skin sensitisation in predisposed individuals. Care must
be taken, when removing gloves and other protective equipment, to avoid all possible skin
contact.
OTHER
路 Overalls.
路 PVC Apron.
路 PVC protective suit may be required if exposure severe.
路 Eyewash unit.
路 Ensure there is ready access to a safety shower.
When handling hot or molten liquids, wear trousers or overalls outside of boots, to avoid
spills entering boots.
Usually handled as molten liquid which requires worker thermal protection and increases
hazard of vapour exposure.
CAUTION: Vapours may be irritating.
RESPIRATOR
Protection Factor Half- Face Respirator Full- Face Respirator Powered Air Respirator
10 x ES P1 Air- line* -- PAPR- P1 -
50 x ES Air- line** P2 PAPR- P2
100 x ES - P3 -
Air- line* -
100+ x ES - Air- line** PAPR- P3
* - Negative pressure demand ** - Continuous flow.
The local concentration of material, quantity and conditions of use determine the type of
personal protective equipment required.
For further information consult site specific
CHEMWATCH data (if available), or your
Occupational Health and Safety Advisor.
ENGINEERING CONTROLS
General exhaust is adequate under normal operating conditions. Local exhaust ventilation
may be required in special circumstances. If risk of overexposure exists, wear approved
respirator. Supplied-air type respirator may be required in special circumstances.
Correct fit is essential to ensure adequate protection. Provide adequate ventilation in
warehouses and enclosed storage areas. Air contaminants generated in the workplace
possess varying "escape" velocities which, in turn, determine the "capture velocities" of
fresh circulating air required to effectively remove the contaminant.
Type of Contaminant: Air Speed:
solvent, vapours, degreasing etc., evaporating 0.25- 0.5 m/s (50- 100 f/min)
from tank (in still air).
aerosols, fumes from pouring operations, 0.5- 1 m/s (100- 200 f/min.)
intermittent container filling, low speed
conveyer transfers, welding, spray drift,
plating acid fumes, pickling (released at low
velocity into zone of active generation)
PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 8-Mar-2007 CHEMWATCH 2214
NC317TCP Version No:4
CD 2007/3 Page 11 of 16
Section 8 - EXPOSURE CONTROLS / PERSONAL PROTECTION
direct spray, spray painting in shallow booths, 1- 2.5 m/s (200- 500 f/min.)
drum filling, conveyer loading, crusher dusts,
gas discharge (active generation into zone of
rapid air motion)
grinding, abrasive blasting, tumbling, high 2.5- 10 m/s (500- 2000 f/min.)
speed wheel generated dusts (released at high
initial velocity into zone of very high rapid
air motion)
Within each range the appropriate value depends on:
Lower end of the range Upper end of the range
1: Room air currents minimal or favourable to 1: Disturbing room air currents
capture
2: Contaminants of low toxicity or of nuisance 2: Contaminants of high toxicity
value only.
3: Intermittent, low production. 3: High production, heavy use
4: Large hood or large air mass in motion 4: Small hood- local control only
Simple theory shows that air velocity falls rapidly with distance away from the opening
of a simple extraction pipe. Velocity generally decreases with the square of distance
from the extraction point (in simple cases). Therefore the air speed at the extraction
point should be adjusted, accordingly, after reference to distance from the contaminating
source. The air velocity at the extraction fan, for example, should be a minimum of 1-2
m/s (200-400 f/min) for extraction of solvents generated in a tank 2 meters distant from
the extraction point. Other mechanical considerations, producing performance deficits
within the extraction apparatus, make it essential that theoretical air velocities are
multiplied by factors of 10 or more when extraction systems are installed or used.
For molten materials:
Provide mechanical ventilation; in general such ventilation should be provided at
compounding and converting areas and at fabricating work stations where the material is
heated. Local exhaust ventilation should be used over and in the vicinity of machinery
involved in handling the molten material.
Section 9 - PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
APPEARANCE
White crystalline needles or flakes with slight characteristic odour. Soluble in hot
water, alcohol and carbon disulfide. Sublimes at 284 C. May be transported as molten
liquid. Phthalic anhydride with not more than 0.05% maleic anhydride is not subject to the
provisions of the Road and Rail Transport Code.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Solid.
Corrosive.
Molecular Weight: 148.12 Boiling Range (掳C): 295
Melting Range (掳C): 132 Specific Gravity (water=1): 1.50
Solubility in water (g/L): Reacts pH (as supplied): Not applicable
pH (1% solution): Not available. Vapour Pressure (kPa): Negligible @ 20
Volatile Component (%vol): Not available. Evaporation Rate: Not available
Relative Vapour Density (air=1): 5.2 Flash Point (掳C): 152
Lower Explosive Limit (%): 1.7 Upper Explosive Limit (%): 10.4
Autoignition Temp (掳C): 569 Decomposition Temp (掳C): Not Available
State: Divided solid Viscosity: Not Applicable
PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 8-Mar-2007 CHEMWATCH 2214
NC317TCP Version No:4
CD 2007/3 Page 12 of 16
Section 9 - PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Section 10 - CHEMICAL STABILITY AND REACTIVITY INFORMATION
CONDITIONS CONTRIBUTING TO INSTABILITY
路 Presence of incompatible materials.
路 Product is considered stable.
路 Hazardous polymerisation will not occur.
Section 11 - TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
POTENTIAL HEALTH EFFECTS
ACUTE HEALTH EFFECTS
SWALLOWED
Accidental ingestion of the material may be harmful; animal experiments indicate that
ingestion of less than 150 gram may be fatal or may produce serious damage to the health
of the individual.
The material can produce chemical burns within the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract
following ingestion.
EYE
The material can produce chemical burns to the eye following direct contact. Vapours or
mists may be extremely irritating.
If applied to the eyes, this material causes severe eye damage.
SKIN
Molten material is capable of causing burns.
The material can produce chemical burns following direct contact
with the skin.
Entry into the blood-stream, through, for example, cuts, abrasions or lesions, may
produce systemic injury with harmful effects. Examine the skin prior to the use of the
material and ensure that any external damage is suitably protected.
Skin contact is not thought to produce harmful health effects (as classified under EC
Directives using animal models). Systemic harm, however, has been identified following
exposure of animals by at least one other route and the material may still produce health
damage following entry through wounds, lesions or abrasions. Good hygiene practice
requires that exposure be kept to a minimum and that suitable gloves be used in an
occupational setting.
INHALED
Processing for an overly long time or processing at overly high temperatures may cause
generation and release of highly irritating vapours, which irritate eyes, nose, throat,
causing red itching eyes, coughing, sore throat.
Persons with impaired respiratory function, airway diseases and conditions such as
emphysema or chronic bronchitis, may incur further disability if excessive concentrations
of particulate are inhaled.
The material is not thought to produce adverse health effects following inhalation (as
classified by EC Directives using animal models). Nevertheless, adverse systemic effects
have been produced following exposure of animals by at least one other route and good
hygiene practice requires that exposure be kept to a minimum and that suitable control
measures be used in an occupational setting.
CHRONIC HEALTH EFFECTS
Substance accumulation, in the human body, may occur and may cause some concern following
repeated or long-term occupational exposure.
Repeated or prolonged exposure to corrosives may result in the erosion of teeth,
PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 8-Mar-2007 CHEMWATCH 2214
NC317TCP Version No:4
CD 2007/3 Page 13 of 16
Section 11 - TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
inflammatory and ulcerative changes in the mouth and necrosis (rarely) of the jaw.
Bronchial irritation, with cough, and frequent attacks of bronchial pneumonia may ensue.
Gastrointestinal disturbances may also occur. Chronic exposures may result in dermatitis
and/or conjunctivitis.
Long term exposure to high dust concentrations may cause changes in lung function i.e.
pneumoconiosis; caused by particles less than 0.5 micron penetrating and remaining in the
lung. Prime symptom is breathlessness; lung shadows show on X-ray.
Inhaling this product is more likely to cause a sensitisation reaction in some persons
compared to the general population.
Skin contact with the material is more likely to cause a sensitisation reaction in some
persons compared to the general population.
Respiratory sensitisation may result in allergic/asthma like responses; from coughing and
minor breathing difficulties to bronchitis with wheezing, gasping.
TOXICITY AND IRRITATION
unless otherwise specified data extracted from RTECS - Register of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances.
TOXICITY IRRITATION
Oral (rat) LD50: 1530 mg/kg Skin (rabbit): 500 mg/24h - Mild
Dermal (rabbit) LD50: >10000 mg/kg Eye (rabbit): 100 mg - SEVERE
Oral (Mouse) LD50: 1500 mg/kg EYE (RABBIT): 50 MG/24H - Moderate
Oral (Cat) LD50: 800 mg/kg
Intraperitoneal (Guinea pig) LD50: 100 mg/kg
Contact allergies quickly manifest themselves as contact eczema, more rarely as urticaria
or Quincke's oedema. The pathogenesis of contact eczema involves a cell-mediated (T
lymphocytes) immune reaction of the delayed type. Other allergic skin reactions, e.g.
contact urticaria, involve antibody-mediated immune reactions. The significance of the
contact allergen is not simply determined by its sensitisation potential: the
distribution of the substance and the opportunities for contact with it are equally
important. A weakly sensitising substance which is widely distributed can be a more
important allergen than one with stronger sensitising potential with which few
individuals come into contact. From a clinical point of view, substances are noteworthy
if they produce an allergic test reaction in more than 1% of the persons tested.
The material may produce severe irritation to the eye causing pronounced inflammation.
Repeated or prolonged exposure to irritants may produce conjunctivitis.
The material may cause skin irritation after prolonged or repeated exposure and may
produce on contact skin redness, swelling, the production of vesicles, scaling and
thickening of the skin.
Asthma-like symptoms may continue for months or even years after exposure to the material
ceases. This may be due to a non-allergenic condition known as reactive airways
dysfunction syndrome (RADS) which can occur following exposure to high levels of highly
irritating compound. Key criteria for the diagnosis of RADS include the absence of
preceding respiratory disease, in a non-atopic individual, with abrupt onset of
persistent asthma-like symptoms within minutes to hours of a documented exposure to the
irritant. A reversible airflow pattern, on spirometry, with the presence of moderate to
severe bronchial hyperreactivity on methacholine challenge testing and the lack of
minimal lymphocytic inflammation, without eosinophilia, have also been included in the
criteria for diagnosis of RADS. RADS (or asthma) following an irritating inhalation is an
infrequent disorder with rates related to the concentration of and duration of exposure
to the irritating substance. Industrial bronchitis, on the other hand, is a disorder that
occurs as result of exposure due to high concentrations of irritating substance (often
particulate in nature) and is completely reversible after exposure ceases. The disorder
is characterised by dyspnea, cough and mucus production.
Allergic reactions involving the respiratory tract are usually due to interactions
between IgE antibodies and allergens and occur rapidly. Allergic potential of the
allergen and period of exposure often determine the severity of symptoms. Some people may
be genetically more prone than others, and exposure to other irritants may aggravate
symptoms. Allergy causing activity is due to interactions with proteins.
Attention should be paid to atopic diathesis, characterised by increased susceptibility
to nasal inflammation, asthma and eczema.
Exogenous allergic alveolitis is induced essentially by allergen specific immune
-complexes of the IgG type; cell-mediated reactions (T lymphocytes) may be involved. Such
PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 8-Mar-2007 CHEMWATCH 2214
NC317TCP Version No:4
CD 2007/3 Page 14 of 16
Section 11 - TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
allergy is of the delayed type with onset up to four hours following exposure.
MATERIAL CARCINOGEN REPROTOXIN SENSITISER SKIN
_______________ ____________ __________ __________ __________
phthalic anhydride ILOP AUOEL
REPROTOXIN
ILOP: France Threshold Limit Values for Occupational Exposure (VLE, VME) - Allergens:
phthalic anhydride
SENSITISER
AUOEL: Australia Exposure Standards - Sensitisers: phthalic anhydride
Section 12 - ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
Hazardous Air Pollutant: Yes
BCF<100: 5
Half- life Soil - High (hours): 0.45
Half- life Soil - Low (hours): 0.0089
Half- life Air - High (hours): 4847
Half- life Air - Low (hours): 485
Half- life Surface water - High (hours): 0.45
Half- life Surface water - Low (hours): 0.0089
Half- life Ground water - High (hours): 0.45
Half- life Ground water - Low (hours): 0.0089
Aqueous biodegradation - Aerobic - High (hours): 168
Aqueous biodegradation - Aerobic - Low (hours): 24
Aqueous biodegradation - Anaerobic - High (hours): 672
Aqueous biodegradation - Anaerobic - Low (hours): 96
Aqueous photolysis half- life - High (hours): 274
Aqueous photolysis half- life - Low (hours): 224
Photooxidation half- life air - High (hours): 4847
Photooxidation half- life air - Low (hours): 485
First order hydrolysis half- life (hours): 0.45
Prevent, by any means available, spillage from entering drains or water
courses.
DO NOT discharge into sewer or waterways.
Koc: 36
Half-life (hr) air: 24
Half-life (hr) H2O surface water: 0.0625
Henry's atm m鲁 /mol: 6.20E-09
BOD 5 if unstated: 1.2-26,73.46%
BCF: 5-4053
Degradation Biological: by soil microflora 2 days
Section 13 - DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS
路 Recycle wherever possible.
路 Consult manufacturer for recycling options or consult local or regional waste
management authority for disposal if no suitable treatment or disposal facility can be
identified.
路 Dispose of by: Burial in a licenced land-fill or Incineration in a licenced apparatus
(after admixture with suitable combustible material)
路 Decontaminate empty containers. Observe all label safeguards until containers are
cleaned and destroyed.
路 Containers may still present a chemical hazard/ danger when empty.
路 Return to supplier for reuse/ recycling if possible.
Otherwise:
PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 8-Mar-2007 CHEMWATCH 2214
NC317TCP Version No:4
CD 2007/3 Page 15 of 16
Section 13 - DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS
路 If container can not be cleaned sufficiently well to ensure that residuals do not
remain or if the container cannot be used to store the same product, then puncture
containers, to prevent re-use, and bury at an authorised landfill.
路 Where possible retain label warnings and MSDS and observe all notices pertaining to the
product.
Section 14 - TRANSPORTATION INFORMATION
Labels Required: CORROSIVE
HAZCHEM: 2X
UNDG:
Dangerous Goods Class: 8 Subrisk: None
UN Number: 2214 Packing Group: III
Shipping Name:PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE with more than 0.05% of maleic
anhydride
Air Transport IATA:
ICAO/IATA Class: 8 ICAO/IATA Subrisk: None
UN/ID Number: 2214 Packing Group: III
Special provisions: A74
Shipping Name: PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE WITH MORE THAN 0.05% OF
MALEIC ANHYDRIDE
Maritime Transport IMDG:
IMDG Class: 8 IMDG Subrisk: None
UN Number: 2214 Packing Group: III
EMS Number: F- A, S- B Special provisions: 169 939
Shipping Name: PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE with more than 0.05% of
maleic anhydride
Section 15 - REGULATORY INFORMATION
POISONS SCHEDULE: None
REGULATIONS
phthalic anhydride (CAS: 85-44-9) is found on the following regulatory lists;
Australia Exposure Standards
Australia High Volume Industrial Chemical List (HVICL)
Australia Inventory of Chemical Substances (AICS)
IMO MARPOL 73/78 (Annex II) - List of Noxious Liquid Substances Carried in Bulk
International Council of Chemical Associations (ICCA) - High Production Volume List
OECD Representative List of High Production Volume (HPV) Chemicals
Section 16 - OTHER INFORMATION
MSDS SECTION CHANGES
The following table displays the version number of and date on which each section was last changed.
Section Name Version Date Section Name Version Date Section Name Version Date
Advice to Doctor 4 8- Mar- 2007 Handling Procedure 4 8- Mar- 2007 Acute Health (eye) 4 8- Mar- 2007
PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 8-Mar-2007 CHEMWATCH 2214
NC317TCP Version No:4
CD 2007/3 Page 16 of 16
Section 16 - OTHER INFORMATION
First Aid (eye) 4 8- Mar- 2007 Storage (storage 4 8- Mar- 2007 Acute Health 4 8- Mar- 2007
incompatibility) (inhaled)
First Aid 4 8- Mar- 2007 Storage (storage 4 8- Mar- 2007 Acute Health 4 8- Mar- 2007
(inhaled) requirement) (skin)
First Aid (skin) 4 8- Mar- 2007 Storage (suitable 4 8- Mar- 2007 Acute Health 4 8- Mar- 2007
container) (swallowed)
First Aid 4 8- Mar- 2007 Engineering 4 8- Mar- 2007 Chronic Health 4 8- Mar- 2007
(swallowed) Control
Fire Fighter 4 8- Mar- 2007 Exposure Standard 4 8- Mar- 2007 Toxicity and 4 8- Mar- 2007
(extinguishing Irritation (Other)
media)
Fire Fighter (fire 4 8- Mar- 2007 Personal 4 8- Mar- 2007 Toxicity and 4 8- Mar- 2007
fighting) Protection (eye) Irritation
(Toxicity Figure)
Fire Fighter (fire 4 8- Mar- 2007 Personal 4 8- Mar- 2007 Environmental 4 8- Mar- 2007
incompatibility) Protection
(hands/feet)
Fire Fighter 4 8- Mar- 2007 Personal 4 8- Mar- 2007 Disposal 4 8- Mar- 2007
(fire/explosion Protection (other)
hazard)
Spills (major) 4 8- Mar- 2007 Physical 4 8- Mar- 2007 Transport 4 8- Mar- 2007
Properties
Classification of the preparation and its individual components has drawn on official and
authoritative sources as well as independent review by the Chemwatch Classification
committee using available literature references.
This document is copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of private study, research, review or
criticism, as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part may be reproduced by any process without written permission
from CHEMWATCH. TEL (+61 3) 9572 4700.
Issue Date: 8-Mar-2007
Print Date: 2-Jan-2008
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