SODIUM DICHROMATE
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 22-Jan-2006 CHEMWATCH 1479-2
A317TC CD 2006/2 Page 1 of 14
Section 1 - CHEMICAL PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION
PRODUCT NAME
SODIUM DICHROMATE
SYNONYMS
"Cr2-O7 .2Na", Na2-Cr2-O7, "dichromic acid, sodium salt", "bichromate of soda",
"chromic acid, disodium salt", "chromium sodium oxide", "disodium chromate",
"disodium dichromate", "sodium bichromate sodium dichromate (VI)
PROPER SHIPPING NAME
TOXIC SOLID, OXIDIZING, N.O.S.
PRODUCT USE
Oxidizing agent used in manufacture of dyes, many other synthetic organic
chemicals, inks etc. Used in chrome-tanning of hides. Bleaching of fats, oils,
sponges and refining petroleum; Manufacturing chromic acid, other chromates and
chrome pigments. In corrosion inhibitors, corrosion inhibiting coatings; in many
metal treatments. Electroengraving of copper; mordant in dyeing. Also used for
hardening gelatin. Defoliation of cotton plants and other plants and shrubs.
SUPPLIER
Quantum Chemicals Pty Ltd
70 Quantum Close
Quantum Industrial Park
Dandenong South VIC 3175
Australia
Telephone: 1300 782 688
Emergency Tel: 1300 131 001
Fax: 1300 782 699
HAZARD RATINGS
Flammability
Toxicity
Body Contact
Reactivity
Chronic
SCALE: Min/Nil=0 Low=1 Moderate=2 High=3 Extreme=4
SODIUM DICHROMATE
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 22-Jan-2006 CHEMWATCH 1479-2
A317TC CD 2006/2 Page 2 of 14
Section 2 - HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION
STATEMENT OF HAZARDOUS NATURE
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE. DANGEROUS GOODS. According to the
Criteria of NOHSC, and the ADG Code.
POISONS SCHEDULE
S6
RISK
Contact with combustible material may cause fire.
Harmful in contact with skin.
Toxic if swallowed.
Very toxic by inhalation.
Causes burns.
Risk of serious damage to eyes.
May cause SENSITISATION by inhalation.
May cause SENSITISATION by skin contact.
May cause CANCER.
Toxic: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through
inhalation.
Very toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the
aquatic environment.
May impair fertility.
May cause harm to the unborn child.
Cumulative effects may result following exposure*.
* (limited evidence).
SAFETY
Keep away from combustible material.
Keep container in a well ventilated place.
Avoid exposure - obtain special instructions before use.
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
In case of accident or if you feel unwell IMMEDIATELY contact Doctor or Poisons
Information Centre (show label if possible).
In case of accident by inhalation: remove casualty to fresh air and keep at
rest.
Section 3 - COMPOSITION / INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS
NAME CAS RN %
sodium dichromate 10588-01-9 >98
Section 4 - FIRST AID MEASURES
SWALLOWED
If poisoning occurs, contact a doctor or Poisons Information Centre.
鈥? IF SWALLOWED, REFER FOR MEDICAL ATTENTION, WHERE POSSIBLE, WITHOUT DELAY.
鈥? For advice, contact a Poisons Information Centre or a doctor.
SODIUM DICHROMATE
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 22-Jan-2006 CHEMWATCH 1479-2
A317TC CD 2006/2 Page 3 of 14
Section 4 - FIRST AID MEASURES
Where Medical attention is not immediately available or where the patient is
more than 15 minutes from a hospital or unless instructed otherwise:
鈥? Induce vomiting with fingers down the back of the of the throat, ONLY IF
CONSCIOUS.
鈥? Lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position if possible) to
maintain open airway and prevent aspiration.
NOTE: Wear a protective glove when inducing vomiting by mechanical means.
鈥? In the mean time, qualified first-aid personnel should treat the patient
following observation and employing supportive measures as indicated by the
patient's condition.
鈥? If the services of a medical officer or medical doctor are readily available,
the patient should be placed in his/her care and a copy of the MSDS should be
provided. Further action will be the responsibility of the medical specialist.
鈥? If medical attention is not available on the worksite or surroundings send the
patient to a hospital together with a copy of the MSDS.
EYE
If this product comes in contact with the eyes:
鈥? Immediately hold eyelids apart and flush the eye continuously with running
water.
鈥? Ensure complete irrigation of the eye by keeping eyelids apart and away from
eye and moving the eyelids by occasionally lifting the upper and lower lids.
鈥? Continue flushing until advised to stop by the Poisons Information Centre or a
doctor, or for at least 15 minutes.
鈥? Transport to hospital or doctor without delay.
鈥? Removal of contact lenses after an eye injury should only be undertaken by
skilled personnel.
SKIN
If skin or hair contact occurs:
鈥? Immediately flush body and clothes with large amounts of water, using safety
shower if available.
鈥? Quickly remove all contaminated clothing, including footwear.
鈥? Wash skin and hair with running water. Continue flushing with water until
advised to stop by the Poisons Information Centre.
鈥? Transport to hospital, or doctor.
INHALED
鈥? If fumes or combustion products are inhaled remove from contaminated area.
鈥? Lay patient down. Keep warm and rested.
鈥? Prostheses such as false teeth, which may block airway, should be removed,
where possible, prior to initiating first aid procedures.
鈥? Apply artificial respiration if not breathing, preferably with a demand valve
resuscitator, bag-valve mask device, or pocket mask as trained. Perform CPR if
necessary.
鈥? Transport to hospital, or doctor.
NOTES TO PHYSICIAN
For acute or short term repeated exposures to dichromates and chromates:
鈥? Absorption occurs from the alimentary tract and lungs.
鈥? The kidney excretes about 60% of absorbed chromate within 8 hours of
ingestion. Urinary excretion may take up to 14 days.
鈥? Establish airway, breathing and circulation. Assist ventilation.
鈥? Induce emesis with Ipecac Syrup if patient is not convulsing, in coma or
obtunded and if the gag reflex is present.
鈥? Otherwise use gastric lavage with endotracheal intubation.
鈥? Fluid balance is critical. Peritoneal dialysis, haemodialysis or exchange
transfusion may be effective although available data is limited.
鈥? British Anti-Lewisite, ascorbic acid, folic acid and EDTA are probably not
effective.
鈥? There are no antidotes.
SODIUM DICHROMATE
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 22-Jan-2006 CHEMWATCH 1479-2
A317TC CD 2006/2 Page 4 of 14
Section 4 - FIRST AID MEASURES
鈥? Primary irritation, including chrome ulceration, may be treated with ointments
comprising calcium-sodium-EDTA. This, together with the use of frequently
renewed dressings, will ensure rapid healing of any ulcer which may develop.
The mechanism of action involves the reduction of Cr (VI) to Cr(III) and
subsequent chelation; the irritant effect of Cr(III)/ protein complexes is thus
avoided. [ILO Encyclopedia]
[Ellenhorn and Barceloux: Medical Toxicology].
Section 5 - FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES
EXTINGUISHING MEDIA
Flooding quantities of water only.
Water spray or fog.
Foam.
Dry agent.
Carbon dioxide.
FIRE FIGHTING
鈥? Alert Fire Brigade and tell them location and nature of hazard.
鈥? May be violently or explosively reactive.
鈥? Wear breathing apparatus plus protective gloves.
鈥? Prevent, by any means available, spillage from entering drains or water
course.
鈥? Consider evacuation (or protect in place).
鈥? Fight fire from a safe distance, with adequate cover.
鈥? Extinguishers should be used only by trained personnel.
鈥? Use water delivered as a fine spray to control fire and cool adjacent area.
鈥? Avoid spraying water onto liquid pools.
鈥? Do not approach containers suspected to be hot.
鈥? Cool fire exposed containers with water spray from a protected location.
鈥? If safe to do so, remove containers from path of fire.
鈥? If fire gets out of control withdraw personnel and warn against entry.
鈥? Equipment should be thoroughly decontaminated after use.
FIRE/EXPLOSION HAZARD
鈥? Will not burn but increases intensity of fire.
鈥? Heating may cause expansion or decomposition leading to violent rupture of
containers.
鈥? Heat affected containers remain hazardous.
鈥? Contact with combustibles such as wood, paper, oil or finely divided metal may
produce spontaneous combustion or violent decomposition.
鈥? May emit irritating, poisonous or corrosive fumes.
Decomposes on heating and produces toxic fumes of metal oxides.
FIRE INCOMPATIBILITY
Oxidising agents as a class are not necessarily combustible themselves, but can
increase the risk and intensity of fire in many other substances.
HAZCHEM
2W
Personal Protective Equipment
Breathing apparatus.
Gas tight chemical resistant suit.
Limit exposure duration to 1 BA set30 mins.
SODIUM DICHROMATE
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 22-Jan-2006 CHEMWATCH 1479-2
A317TC CD 2006/2 Page 5 of 14
Section 6 - ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES
EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
MINOR SPILLS
鈥? Clean up all spills immediately.
鈥? No smoking, naked lights, ignition sources.
鈥? Avoid all contact with any organic matter including fuel, solvents, sawdust,
paper or cloth and other incompatible materials, as ignition may result.
鈥? Avoid breathing dust or vapours and all contact with skin and eyes.
鈥? Control personal contact by using protective equipment.
鈥? Contain and absorb spill with dry sand, earth, inert material or vermiculite.
鈥? DO NOT use sawdust as fire may result.
鈥? Scoop up solid residues and seal in labelled drums for disposal.
鈥? Neutralise/decontaminate area.
MAJOR SPILLS
鈥? Clear area of personnel and move upwind.
鈥? Alert Fire Brigade and tell them location and nature of hazard.
鈥? May be violently or explosively reactive.
鈥? Wear full body protective clothing with breathing apparatus.
鈥? Prevent spillage from entering drains or water courses.
鈥? Consider evacuation (or protect in place).
鈥? DO NOT use water on spill.
鈥? No smoking, flames or ignition sources.
鈥? Increase ventilation.
鈥? Contain with DRY sand, earth or other clean, dry inert material.
鈥? NEVER use organic absorbents such as sawdust, paper, cloth or wet materials.
鈥? Use spark-free and explosion-proof equipment.
鈥? Collect recoverable product in labelled containers for possible recycling.
鈥? To avoid risk of contamination, DO NOT mix recovered with fresh material.
鈥? Absorb remaining product with dry sand, earth or vermiculite.
鈥? Collect residues and seal in labelled drums for disposal.
鈥? Use flooding quantities of water to wash area.
鈥? Prevent runoff into drains.
鈥? If contamination of drains or waterways occurs advise emergency services.
PROTECTIVE ACTIONS FOR SPILL
PROTECTIVE ACTION ZONE
half
evacuation
downwind
direction
distance
down wind distance
wind isolation
distance
direction
half
evacuation downwind
INITIAL direction distance
ISOLATION
ZONE
From IERG (Canada/Australia)
Isolation Distance 10 metres
Downwind Protection Distance 25 metres
IERG Number 30
FOOTNOTES
1 PROTECTIVE ACTION ZONE is defined as the area in which people are at risk
of harmful exposure. This zone assumes that random changes in wind direction
SODIUM DICHROMATE
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 22-Jan-2006 CHEMWATCH 1479-2
A317TC CD 2006/2 Page 6 of 14
Section 6 - ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES
confines the vapour plume to an area within 30 degrees on either side of the
predominant wind direction, resulting in a crosswind protective action distance
equal to the downwind protective action distance.
2 PROTECTIVE ACTIONS should be initiated to the extent possible, beginning with
those closest to the spill and working away from the site in the downwind
direction. Within the protective action zone a level of vapour concentration
may exist resulting in nearly all unprotected persons becoming incapacitated
and unable to take protective action and/or incurring serious or irreversible
health effects.
3 INITIAL ISOLATION ZONE is determined as an area, including upwind of the
incident, within which a high probability of localised wind reversal may
expose nearly all persons without appropriate protection to life-threatening
concentrations of the material.
4 SMALL SPILLS involve a leaking package of 200 litres (55 US gallons) or less,
such as a drum (jerrican or box with inner containers). Larger packages leaking
less than 200 litres and compressed gas leaking from a small cylinder are also
considered "small spills".
LARGE SPILLS involve many small leaking packages or a leaking package of
greater than 200 litres, such as a cargo tank, portable tank or a "one-tonne"
compressed gas cylinder.
5 Guide 141 is taken from the US DOT emergency response guide book.
6 IERG information is derived from CANUTEC - Transport Canada.
EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLANNING GUIDELINES (ERPG)
The maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed that nearly all
individuals could be exposed for up to one hour WITHOUT experiencing or developing
life-threatening health effects is:
sodium dichromate 35 mg/m鲁
irreversible or other serious effects or symptoms which could
impair an individual's ability to take protective action is:
sodium dichromate 25 mg/m鲁
other than mild, transient adverse effects
without perceiving a clearly defined odour is:
sodium dichromate 0.25 mg/m鲁
The threshold concentration below which most people.
will experience no appreciable risk of health effects:
sodium dichromate 0.125 mg/m鲁
American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA)
Ingredients considered according to the following cutoffs
Very Toxic (T+) >= 0.1% Toxic (T) >= 3.0%
R50 >= 0.25% Corrosive (C) >= 5.0%
R51 >= 2.5%
else >= 10%
where percentage is percentage of ingredient found in the mixture
SAFE STORAGE WITH OTHER CLASSIFIED CHEMICALS
___________________________________________
X X X X X 0
___________________________________________
+: May be stored together
O: May be stored together with specific preventions
X: Must not be stored together
SODIUM DICHROMATE
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 22-Jan-2006 CHEMWATCH 1479-2
A317TC CD 2006/2 Page 7 of 14
Section 6 - ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES
Personal Protective Equipment advice is contained in Section 8 of the MSDS.
Section 7 - HANDLING AND STORAGE
PROCEDURE FOR HANDLING
鈥? Avoid personal contact and inhalation of dust, mist or vapours.
鈥? Provide adequate ventilation.
鈥? Always wear protective equipment and wash off any spillage from clothing.
鈥? Keep material away from light, heat, flammables or combustibles.
鈥? Keep cool, dry and away from incompatible materials.
鈥? Avoid physical damage to containers.
鈥? DO NOT repack or return unused portions to original containers. Withdraw only
sufficient amounts for immediate use.
鈥? Contamination can lead to decomposition leading to possible intense heat and
fire.
鈥? When handling NEVER smoke, eat or drink.
鈥? Always wash hands with soap and water after handling.
鈥? Use only good occupational work practice.
鈥? Observe manufacturer's storing and handling directions.
SUITABLE CONTAINER
Packaging as recommended by manufacturer.
鈥? Check that containers are clearly labelled.
Glass container.
Multi-ply woven plastic or paper bag with sealed plastic liner
NOTE: Bags should be stacked, blocked, interlocked, and limited in height so
that they are stable and secure against sliding or collapse.
Metal pail.
Metal drum.
STORAGE INCOMPATIBILITY
Store away from incompatible materials.
Avoid contact with aluminium, magnesium, charcoal, fluorine, sulfur, many
combustible substances and reducing agents.
Keep storage area free of debris, waste and combustibles.
Oxidising agents as a class are not necessarily combustible themselves, but can
increase the risk and intensity of fire in many other substances.
STORAGE REQUIREMENTS
Keep dry.
鈥? Store in original containers.
鈥? Keep containers securely sealed as supplied.
鈥? No smoking, naked lights, heat or ignition sources.
鈥? Store in a cool, dry, well ventilated area.
鈥? Store under cover and away from sunlight.
鈥? Store below safe storage (control) temperature.
鈥? Store away from flammable or combustible materials, debris and waste.
鈥? Contact may cause fire or violent reaction.
鈥? Store away from incompatible materials.
鈥? Store away from foodstuff containers
鈥? DO NOT stack on wooden floors or wooden pallets.
鈥? Protect containers against physical damage, FRICTION or SHOCK.
鈥? Check regularly for spills and leaks.
鈥? Observe manufacturer's storage and handling recommendations.
鈥? Restrictions may apply on quantities and to other material permitted in the
same location.
SODIUM DICHROMATE
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 22-Jan-2006 CHEMWATCH 1479-2
A317TC CD 2006/2 Page 8 of 14
Section 8 - EXPOSURE CONTROLS / PERSONAL PROTECTION
EXPOSURE CONTROLS
Source Material TWA TWA STEL STEL Peak Peak
ppm mg/m鲁 ppm m5/m鲁 ppm mg/m鲁
_________________________ ________________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
Australia Exposure sodium 0.05
Standards dichromate
The following materials had no OELs on our record under the following CAS or Chemwatch (CW) numbers
sodium dichromate: No data available for CAS:10588-01-9 CAS:7789-12-0
Some jurisdictions require that health surveillance be carried on workers
occupationally exposed to inorganic chromium. Such surveillance should emphasise
鈥? demography, occupational and medical history and health advice
鈥? physical examination with emphasis on the respiratory system and skin
鈥? weekly skin inspection of hands and forearms by a "responsible person".
WARNING: This substance is classified by the NOHSC as Category 2 Probable Human
Carcinogen.
PERSONAL PROTECTION
EYE
鈥? Safety glasses with side shields; or as required,
鈥? Chemical goggles.
鈥? Contact lenses may pose a special hazard; soft contact lenses may absorb and
concentrate irritants. A written policy document, describing the wearing of lens
or restrictions on use, should be created for each workplace or task. This
should include a review of lens absorption and adsorption for the class of
chemicals in use and an account of injury experience. Medical and first-aid
personnel should be trained in their removal and suitable equipment should be
readily available. In the event of chemical exposure, begin eye irrigation
immediately and remove contact lens as soon as practicable. Lens should be
removed at the first signs of eye redness or irritation - lens should be removed
in a clean environment only after workers have washed hands thoroughly. [CDC
NIOSH Current Intelligence Bulletin 59].
HANDS/FEET
Impervious gloves.
PVC gloves.
Rubber gloves.
Safety footwear.
OTHER
Overalls.
鈥? Impervious apron.
鈥? Eyewash unit.
Ensure there is ready access to a safety shower.
RESPIRATOR
Protection Factor Half-Face Full-Face Powered Air
SODIUM DICHROMATE
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 22-Jan-2006 CHEMWATCH 1479-2
A317TC CD 2006/2 Page 9 of 14
Section 8 - EXPOSURE CONTROLS / PERSONAL PROTECTION
Respirator Respirator Respirator
10 x ES P1 Air-line* -- PAPR-P1 -
50 x ES Air-line** P2 PAPR-P2
100 x ES - P3 -
Air-line* -
100+ x ES - Air-line** PAPR-P3
* - Negative pressure demand ** - Continuous flow.
The local concentration of material, quantity and
conditions of use determine the type of personal
protective equipment required.
For further information consult site specific
CHEMWATCH data (if available), or your
Occupational Health and Safety Advisor.
ENGINEERING CONTROLS
Use in a well-ventilated area.
General exhaust is adequate under normal operating conditions. If risk of
overexposure exists, wear SAA approved respirator. Correct fit is essential to
obtain adequate protection. Provide adequate ventilation in warehouse or closed
storage areas. Air contaminants generated in the workplace possess varying
"escape" velocities which, in turn, determine the "capture velocities" of fresh
circulating air required to effectively remove the contaminant.
Type of Contaminant: Air Speed:
solvent " "vapours " degreasing "etc. 0.25-0.5 m/s (50-100 f/min)
" evaporating from tank (in still air)
aerosols " fumes from pouring 0.5-1 m/s (100-200 f/min.)
"operations " intermittent container
"filling " low speed conveyer
"transfers " "welding " spray "drift "
plating acid "fumes " pickling
(released at low velocity into zone of
active generation)
direct "spray " spray painting in 1-2.5 m/s (200-500 f/min)
shallow "booths " drum "filling "
conveyer "loading " crusher "dusts "
gas discharge (active generation into
zone of rapid air motion)
grinding " abrasive "blasting " 2.5-10 m/s (500-2000 f/min.)
"tumbling " high speed wheel generated
dusts (released at high initial
velocity into zone of very high rapid
air motion).
Within each range the appropriate value depends on:
Lower end of the range Upper end of the range
1: Room air currents minimal or 1: Disturbing room air currents
favourable to capture
2: Contaminants of low toxicity or of 2: Contaminants of high toxicity
nuisance value only
3: Intermittent, low production. 3: High production, heavy use
4: Large hood or large air mass in 4: Small hood - local control only
motion
Simple theory shows that air velocity falls rapidly with distance away from the
opening of a simple extraction pipe. Velocity generally decreases with the
square of distance from the extraction point (in simple cases). Therefore the
air speed at the extraction point should be adjusted, accordingly, after
SODIUM DICHROMATE
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 22-Jan-2006 CHEMWATCH 1479-2
A317TC CD 2006/2 Page 10 of 14
Section 8 - EXPOSURE CONTROLS / PERSONAL PROTECTION
reference to distance from the contaminating source. The air velocity at the
extraction fan, for example, should be a minimum of 1-2 m/s (200-400 f/min.) for
extraction of solvents generated in a tank 2 meters distant from the extraction
point. Other mechanical considerations, producing performance deficits within
the extraction apparatus, make it essential that theoretical air velocities are
multiplied by factors of 10 or more when extraction systems are installed or
used.
Section 9 - PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
APPEARANCE
Red/orange solid; soluble in water. Available in crystal or flake form
Powerful oxidising agent and corrosive. Causes severe burns, contact
with many organic materials may cause a fire.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Solid.
Mixes with water.
Molecular Weight: 261.98 Boiling Range (掳C): 400 decomposes
Melting Range (掳C): 357 Specific Gravity (water=1): 2.52 @ 13 C
Solubility in water (g/L): Miscible pH (as supplied): Not applicable
pH (1% solution): 4.0 Vapour Pressure (kPa): Not applicable
Volatile Component (%vol): Not applicable Evaporation Rate: Not applicable
Relative Vapour Density (air=1): Not applicable Flash Point (掳C): Not combustible
Lower Explosive Limit (%): Not applicable Upper Explosive Limit (%): Not applicable
Autoignition Temp (掳C): Not applicable Decomposition Temp (掳C): Not available
State: Divided solid
Section 10 - CHEMICAL STABILITY AND REACTIVITY INFORMATION
CONDITIONS CONTRIBUTING TO INSTABILITY
Presence of incompatible materials.
Stable under normal storage conditions.
Hazardous polymerisation will not occur.
Section 11 - TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
POTENTIAL HEALTH EFFECTS
ACUTE HEALTH EFFECTS
SWALLOWED
Considered an unlikely route of entry in commercial/industrial environments.
The solid is extremely discomforting and corrosive and may be fatal if
swallowed.
Ingestion may result in nausea, abdominal irritation, pain and vomiting.
EYE
The material is highly discomforting and corrosive to the eyes and is capable of
causing severe damage with loss of sight.
SKIN
The material is moderately discomforting and corrosive to the skin and is
capable of causing chemical burns, allergic skin reactions and skin
SODIUM DICHROMATE
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 22-Jan-2006 CHEMWATCH 1479-2
A317TC CD 2006/2 Page 11 of 14
Section 11 - TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
sensitisation.
Sensitisation may result in allergic dermatitis responses including rash,
itching, hives or swelling of extremities.
Open cuts, abraded or irritated skin should not be exposed to this material.
The material may accentuate any pre-existing skin condition.
INHALED
Not normally a hazard due to non-volatile nature of product.
The solid/dust is extremely discomforting and corrosive to the upper respiratory
tract and repeated exposure may cause sensitisation and/or allergic reactions.
Respiratory sensitisation may result in allergic/asthma like responses; from
coughing and minor breathing difficulties to bronchitis with wheezing, gasping.
CHRONIC HEALTH EFFECTS
Principal routes of exposure are usually by skin contact, eye contact and
inhalation of generated dust. Sensitisation may give severe responses to very
low levels of exposure, i.e. hypersensitivity. Sensitised persons should not be
allowed to work in situations where exposure may occur. Skin contact may result
in severe irritation particularly to broken skin. Ulceration known as "chrome
ulcers" may develop. Chrome ulcers and skin cancer are significantly related.
Chronic inhalation exposure may result in nasal ulceration and/or perforation of
nasal septum. Chromium VI exposures have been related to higher incidence of
lung cancer.
TOXICITY AND IRRITATION
TOXICITY IRRITATION
Oral (human) LDLo: 50 mg/kg Material is a corrosive irritant.
Oral (human) TDLo: 250 mg/kg
Oral (rat) LD50: 50 mg/kg
WARNING: This substance has been classified by the IARC as Group 1: CARCINOGENIC
TO HUMANS.
CARCINOGEN
IARC: International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
Carcinogens: sodium dichromate Category: Group 1: Carcinogenic to
humans
CARCINOGEN
NTPA: US National Toxicology Program (NTP) 11th Report Part A Known
to be Human Carcinogens: sodium dichromate Category:
SENSITISER
AUOEL: Australia Exposure Standards - Sensitisers: sodium
dichromate
Section 12 - ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
Marine Pollutant:Not Determined
"Fish LC50 (96hr.) (mg/l):" 18-133
"Algae IC50 (72hr.) (mg/l):" 0.58
Toxicity Fish: non tox 5mg/L (24)
Nitrif. inhib.: 75% inhib at 23mg/L
Chromium in the oxidation state +3 (the trivalent form) is poorly absorbed by
cells found in microorganisms, plants and animals. Chromate anions (CrO4-,
oxidation state +6, the hexavalent form) are readily transported into cells and
toxicity is closely linked to the higher oxidation state.
Chromium Ecotoxicology:
Toxicity in Aquatic Organisms:
Chromium is harmful to aquatic organisms in very low concentrations. Fish food
organisms are very sensitive to low levels of chromium. Chromium is toxic to
fish although less so in warm water. Marked decreases in toxicity are found with
SODIUM DICHROMATE
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 22-Jan-2006 CHEMWATCH 1479-2
A317TC CD 2006/2 Page 12 of 14
Section 12 - ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
increasing pH or water hardness; changes in salinity have little if any effect.
Chromium appears to make fish more susceptible to infection. High concentrations
can damage and/or accumulate in various fish tissues and in invertebrates such
as snails and worms.
Reproduction of Daphnia is affected by exposure to 0.01 mg/kg hexavalent
chromium/litre
Toxicity of chromium in fresh-water organisms (50% mortality)*
Compound Category Exposure Toxicity Most
Range sensitive
(mg/litre) species
hexavalent invertebrate acute 0.067-59.9 scud
chrome
long-term - -
vertebrate acute 17.6-249 fathead
minnow
long-term 0.265-2.0 rainbow
trout
trivalent invertebrate acute 2.0-64.0 cladoceran
chrome
long-term 0.066 cladoceran
vertebrate acute 33.0-71.9 guppy
invertebrate long-term 1.0 fathead
minnow
* from Environmental Health Criteria 61: WHO Publication.
Toxicity in Microorganisms:
In general, toxicity for most microorganisms occurs in the range of 0.05-5 mg
chromium/kg of medium. Trivalent chromium is less toxic than the hexavalent
form. The main signs of toxicity are inhibition of growth and the inhibition of
various metabolic processes such as photosynthesis or protein synthesis.
Gram-negative soil bacteria are generally more sensitive to hexavalent chromium
(1-12 mg/kg) than the gram-positive types. Toxicity to trivalent chromium is not
observed at similar levels. The toxicity of low levels of hexavalent chromium (1
mg/kg) indicates that soil microbial transformation, such as nitrification, may
be affected. Chromium should not be introduced to municipal sewage treatment
facilities.
Toxicity in Plants: Chromium in high concentrations can be toxic for plants. The
main feature of chromium intoxication is chlorosis, which is similar to iron
deficiency. Chromium affects carbohydrate metabolism and leaf chlorophyll
concentration decreases with hexavalent chromium concentration (0.01-1 mg/l).
The hexavalent form appears to more toxic than the trivalent species.
Biological half-life: The elimination curve for chromium, as measured by
whole-body counting, has an exponential form. In rats, three different
components of the curve have been identified, with half-lives of 0.5, 5.9 and
83.4 days, respectively.
Water Standards: Chromium is identified as a hazardous substance in the Federal
(U.S.) Water Pollution Control Act and further regulated by Clean Air Water Act
Amendments (US). These regulations apply to discharge. The US Primary drinking
water Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL), for chromium, is 0.05 mg/l (total
chromium).
Section 13 - DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS
Recycle wherever possible.
Consult manufacturer for recycling options.
Consult State Land Waste Management Authority for disposal.
Treat and neutralise at an effluent treatment plant.
Reduce Cr (VI) to Cr (III) using meta-bisulfite, neutralise with lime and
reclaim sludge.
SODIUM DICHROMATE
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 22-Jan-2006 CHEMWATCH 1479-2
A317TC CD 2006/2 Page 13 of 14
Section 13 - DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS
Bury residue in an authorised landfill.
Decontaminate empty containers.
Return containers to drum reconditioner or recycler.
Section 14 - TRANSPORTATION INFORMATION
Labels Required
toxic,oxidizing agent
HAZCHEM
2W
Land Transport UNDG:
Dangerous Goods Class: 6.1 Subrisk: 5.1
UN Number: 3086 Packing Group: II
Shipping Name:TOXIC SOLID, OXIDIZING, N.O.S.
Air Transport IATA:
ICAO/IATA Class: 6.1 ICAO/IATA Subrisk: 5.1
UN/ID Number: 3086 Packing Group: II
ERG Code: 6X
Shipping Name: Toxic solid, oxidizing, n.o.s. *
Maritime Transport IMDG:
IMDG Class: 6.1 IMDG Subrisk: None
UN Number: 3086 Packing Group: II
EMS Number: None Marine Pollutant: Not
Determined
Shipping Name: TOXIC SOLID, OXIDIZING, N.O.S.
Section 15 - REGULATORY INFORMATION
POISONS SCHEDULE
S6
REGULATIONS
sodium dichromate (CAS: 10588-01-9) is found on the following regulatory lists;
Australia Inventory of Chemical Substances (AICS)
Australia Poisons Schedule
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Carcinogens
OECD Representative List of High Production Volume (HPV) Chemicals
sodium dichromate (CAS: 7789-12-0) is found on the following regulatory lists;
Australia Inventory of Chemical Substances (AICS)
Australia Poisons Schedule
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Carcinogens
OECD Representative List of High Production Volume (HPV) Chemicals
SODIUM DICHROMATE
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 22-Jan-2006 CHEMWATCH 1479-2
A317TC CD 2006/2 Page 14 of 14
Section 16 - OTHER INFORMATION
Ingredients with multiple CAS Numbers
Ingredient Name CAS
sodium dichromate 10588-01-9, 7789-12-0
This document is copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of
private study, research, review or criticism, as permitted under the Copyright
Act, no part may be reproduced by any process without written permission from
CHEMWATCH. TEL (+61 3) 9572 4700.
Issue Date: 22-Jan-2006
Print Date: 29-Jun-2006
|