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INCO Liberator Purification Cathodes CCCR
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PRODUCT INFORMATION
INCO Liberator Purification Cathodes CCCR (Class D)
INCO LIMITED
Ontario Division
Copper Cliff, Ontario
P0M 1N0
(705) 682-6622
INCO Liberator Purification Cathodes are sold to recover copper values.
HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS
Calculated
TLV1,2-mg/m3
Hazardous Ingredients Composition C.A.S. No. Oral LD50-rat
Copper (Cu) 86 7440-50-8 n.av. 1
0.1* (as Ni)
Nickel Sulfate Hexahydrate 3.6 10101-97-0 300 mg/kg
(NiSO4鈰? 6H2O)
Sodium Sulfate Hydrated 2.9 n.av. 5989 mg/kg n.av.
(Na2SO4鈰? 7H2O)3,4
Arsenic (As) 2.2 7440-38-2 n.av. 0.2
105
Amorphous Silica (SiO2) 2.5 7631-86-9 3160 mg/kg
105
Calcium Sulfate, Hydrated 1.2 10101-41-4 n.av.
(CaSO4鈰? 2H2O)4
Bismuth (Bi) 0.6 7440-69-9 n.av. n.av.
*
As inhalable fraction
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INCO Liberator Purification Cathodes CCCR
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PHYSICAL DATA
Reddish-brown, odorless brittle plates.
Sol. in H2O
Ingredient Mol. wt. S.G. mp 掳C bp 掳C g/100ml
Copper 63.54 8.9 1083 2595 0
Nickel Sulfate Hexahydrate 262.86 2.07 D n.av. above 60 cold
above 340 hot
Sodium Sulfate Hydrated 268.15 n.av. D n.av. 19.5 cold
44 20掳C
Arsenic 74.92 5.727 n.av. S at 613 0
Amorphous Silica 60.08 2.2-2.6 ~1600 ~2300 0
Calcium Sulfate Hydrated 172.17 2.32 128 163 ~ .2 cold
Bismuth 208.98 9.80 271.3 ~1560 0
D - Decomposes
S - Sublimes
FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARD
Not applicable.
REACTIVITY DATA
Sulfates can react violently when melted with aluminum.
Metals can react with acids to liberate hydrogen gas which can form explosive mixtures in air. Arsenic can
react with hydrogen to form arsine (AsH3).
Arsenic trioxide and sulfur dioxide can be released upon heating this product.
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TOXICOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
As a complex mixture, the toxicological properties of this product are unknown. The toxicology of the
ingredients is reported.
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INCO Liberator Purification Cathodes CCCR
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Copper
Inhalation: Copper metal dust and fume may be irritating to the respiratory tract. In user
operations where copper fume is generated, inhalation of the fume can result in
symptoms of metal fume fever such as chills, fever and sweating.
Eye Contact: Copper metal as a foreign body in the eye can provoke an inflammatory reaction
resulting in pus formation in the conjunctiva, cornea or sclera.
Skin Contact: A few instances of allergic skin rashes have been reported in workers exposed to
metallic copper.
Ingestion: The lowest observed toxic oral dose of copper (TDLo) is 120 碌g/kg in humans.
This dose caused gastrointestinal effects.
Preexisting
Conditions: Wilson's disease can occur in certain individuals with a rare inherited metabolic
disorder characterized by retention of excessive amounts of copper in the liver,
brain, kidneys and corneas. These deposits eventually lead to tissue necrosis and
fibrosis, causing a variety of clinical effects, especially liver, (i.e. hepatic) disease
and neurologic changes. Wilson's disease is progressive and, if untreated, leads
to fatal liver (i.e. hepatic) failure.
Skin Contact: A few instances of allergic skin rashes have been reported in workers exposed to
metallic copper.
Ingestion: The lowest observed toxic oral dose of copper (TDLo) is 120 碌g/kg in humans.
This dose caused gastrointestinal effects.
Preexisting
Conditions: Wilson's disease can occur in certain individuals with a rare inherited metabolic
disorder characterized by retention of excessive amounts of copper in the liver,
brain, kidneys and corneas. These deposits eventually lead to tissue necrosis and
fibrosis, causing a variety of clinical effects, especially liver, (i.e. hepatic) disease
and neurologic changes. Wilson's disease is progressive and, if untreated, leads
to fatal liver (i.e. hepatic) failure.
Nickel Sulfate Hexahydrate
Inhalation: The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) concluded there was limited
evidence that nickel compounds are carcinogenic to humans.
Epidemiological studies of Norwegian nickel refinery workers showed that an increased
risk of respiratory cancer was present in electrolysis plant workers. These workers had
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INCO Liberator Purification Cathodes CCCR
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mixed exposure to aerosols of nickel sulfate and nickel chloride and to insoluble forms of
nickel. Electrolysis plant workers in an Ontario refinery similarly exposed to nickel sulfate
and nickel chloride aerosols, but not to dust from matte roasting operations, did not show
any increased incidence of respiratory cancer.
Toxicology Excellence for Risk Assessment (TERA) finds that carcinogenic risk from
soluble nickel compounds via inhalation cannot be determined (Class D) because the
existing evidence is composed of conflicting data.
Exposure to aerosols of nickel sulfate can cause irritation of the upper respiratory tract
and asthma.
Repeated intraperitoneal injections (50 x 1 mg Ni) of nickel sulfate in rats produced
abdominal tumors.
Skin Contact: Exposure to solutions of nickel sulfate can cause skin irritation, nickel sensitivity and
allergic skin rashes.
Eye Contact: May cause irritation.
Wounds: Neither single nor repeated intramuscular injections of nickel sulfate have resulted in the
development of tumors in rodents.
Ingestion: Ingestion can result in nausea, abdominal cramps and discomfort, giddiness, headache,
diarrhea, vomiting, shortness of breath, cough, sore throat, heartburn, general weakness
and muscle pain.
Preexisting
Conditions: Skin contact can cause an allergic skin rash in previously sensitized individuals.
Arsenic
Acute arsenic poisonings can be fatal. Symptoms of fatal poisonings are abdominal pain and vomiting,
usually within an hour of ingestion. In some cases, dermatitis and peripheral neuritis follow recovery from
acute symptoms. Acute dermatitis starts with erythema, associated with burning and itching giving the
skin a mottled appearance. If the dermatitis is on the face, swelling may occur followed by eruptions of
the skin.
IARC concluded that there was sufficient evidence that arsenic and arsenic compounds, as a group but
not necessarily as individual chemicals, were carcinogenic to humans. An association between
environmental exposure to arsenic through drinking water and skin cancer has been observed and
confirmed; two cases of bladder cancer were also confirmed. U.S. smelter worker populations exposed to
inorganic arsenic have been shown to have significant and consistent increases in lung cancer.
Inhalation: Arsenic dust in contact with moist skin, eyes or nasal passages can form arsenious acid
causing irritation, in some cases, corroding the septal mucosa.
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INCO Liberator Purification Cathodes CCCR
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Skin Contact: Chronic skin lesions caused by exposure to arsenic compounds is characterized by
cracking skin, thickening and drying of the skin, and warts accompanied by excessive
sweating. Dermatitis of the face and eyelids can be accompanied by conjunctivitis, with
redness, swelling and pain.
Amorphous Silica
Inhalation: IARC has concluded there was inadequate evidence that amorphous silica was
carcinogenic to humans and animals.
In some animal studies, amorphous silica has been shown to be fibrogenic resulting in
reduced lung function.
In human studies, amorphous silica (diatomaceous earth, precipitated and gel) seems to
have little adverse effect on lungs when exposures are reasonably controlled. There is
not enough industrial experience to indicate the degree of hazard for amorphous silica
(fused).
Calcium Sulfate Hydrated
Calcium sulfate causes no long disease in calcium sulfate miners and is considered to be of low order of
toxicity.
PREVENTIVE MEASURES
If user operations generate dust or fume, use ventilation to keep exposure to airborne contaminants below
their exposure limits. If ventilation alone cannot so control exposures, use NIOSH-approved respirators
selected according to the Selection, Care and Use of Respirators CSA Z94.4-M1993. Maintain airborne
nickel and arsenic levels as low as possible.
Avoid repeated skin contact. Wear suitable gloves. Wash skin thoroughly after handling. Launder clothing
and gloves as needed.
FIRST AID MEASURES
For skin rashes, seek medical attention.
For skin irritation, flush thoroughly with plenty of water.
In case of contact with eyes, immediately flush eyeballs with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Seek
medical attention immediately.
In case of accidental ingestion of nickel sulfate in an amount less than about 1 gram, drink large quantities
of water. For larger amounts, seek medical attention immediately.
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INCO Liberator Purification Cathodes CCCR
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For accidental ingestion of any amounts of arsenic seek medical attention immediately.
PREPARATION INFORMATION
Prepared by:
INCO LIMITED
Occupational & Environmental Health Group
Tel. No.: (416) 361-7938
Note:
Inco believes that the information in this Material Safety Data Sheet is accurate. However, Inco
makes no express or implied warranty as to the accuracy of such information and expressly
disclaims any liability resulting from reliance on such information.
________________________________________________________________________________
Footnotes:
庐 Trademark of the Inco family of companies.
Threshold Limit Value of the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists.
1
Exposure Limits for user operations will depend on the relevant governmental regulations.
2
Oral mouse LD50 of 5989 mg/kg is for sodium sulfate
3
Assumed hydrated form.
4
The value is for total dust containing no asbestos and less than 1% crystalline silica.
5
Describes possible health hazards of the product supplied. If user operations change it to other
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chemical forms, whether as end products, intermediates or fugitive emissions, the possible health
hazards of such forms must be determined by the user.
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