Inco庐 Nickel Oxide Sinter 75
Hazardous Ingredients
Hazardous Calculated
PEL1 mg/m3 TLV1,2 鈥搈g/m3
C.A.S. No
Ingredients Composition
Nickel (Ni) 76-78 7440-02-0 1 1.5*
Cobalt (Co) 0.8-1.2 7440-48-4 0.05 0.05
*as inhalable fraction
Inco
Physical Data
Dark grey, odourless granules approximately 10~100 mesh in size.
Material Specific Sol. In H20
Ingredient Mol. Wt. m.p.掳C b.p.掳C
Gravity g/100ml
Ni 58.71 8.9 1453 2732 0
Safety Co 58.931 8.9 1495 2900 0
Fire or Explosion Hazard
None.
Data
Health Hazards
As a mixture the toxicological properties of this product are unknown. The toxicology of the
reported ingredients are summarized below.
Sheet Nickel
LD50 ORAL RAT >9000 mg/kg
Inhalation: The National Toxicology Program has listed nickel as reasonably
anticipated to be a carcinogen based on the production of
injection site tumors. The International Agency for Research on
Cancer (IARC) found there was inadequate evidence that
metallic nickel is carcinogenic to humans but since there was
sufficient evidence that it is carcinogenic to animals, IARC
concluded that metallic nickel is possibly carcinogenic to
humans. In 1997, the ACGIH categorized elemental nickel as:
A5 "Not Suspected as a Human Carcinogen". Epidemiological
studies of workers exposed to nickel powder and to dust and
fume generated in the production of nickel alloys and of stainless
steel have not indicated the presence of a significant respiratory
cancer hazard.
Evidence for the association of nickel compound exposures and
cancer risk comes mainly from workers in now obsolete nickel
refining operations where very high concentrations of airborne
nickel, mostly present as oxidic or sub-sulphidic species at up to
100mg/m3 or more, were associated with excess nasal and lung
cancers.
The inhalation of nickel powder has not resulted in an increased
incidence of malignant lung tumors in rodents. Repeated
intratracheal instillation of nickel powder produced an increased
incidence of malignant lung tumors in rats. Repeated
intratracheal instillation of nickel powder did not produce an
increased incidence of malignant lung tumors in hamsters when
administered at the maximum tolerated dose. Single
intratracheal instillations of nickel powder in hamsters at doses
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near the LD50 produced an increased incidence of
fibrosarcomas, mesotheliomas and rhabdomyosarcomas.
Inhalation of nickel powder at concentrations 15 times the TLV
irritated the respiratory tract in rodents.
Inhalation of nickel may induce asthma. This effect is rare, it has
been reported in welders where exposures to nickel are often
mixed with other chemical substances. Persons with a known
history of nickel sensitive asthma should avoid such contact.
Inco Skin Contact: Prolonged and intimate contact with metallic nickel may cause
irritation to the skin and nickel sensitivity, which may result in
allergic skin rashes.
Material One case has been reported of asthma induced by external
exposure to a nickel-containing skin clip and by skin contact with
nickel.
Safety Wounds: Nickel metal powder has caused tumors at the site of injection in
rodents. However, studies do not suggest a significant risk for
humans from nickel-containing prostheses.
Ingestion: The U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
Data (NIOSH) concluded there is no evidence that nickel and its
inorganic compounds are carcinogenic when ingested. The U.S.
Food and Drug Administration has affirmed that nickel is
generally recognized as safe (GRAS) as a direct human food
Sheet ingredient.
Preexisting Conditions: Prolonged and intimate skin contact can cause an allergic skin
rash in previously sensitized individuals.
Reproductive Toxicity: Animal experiments indicate that soluble nickel ingestion causes
adverse effects on fetal development at a threshold oral
exposure of 2.2 mg/ Ni/kg/day by pregnant rats. Data are
insufficient to determine if this effect occurs in humans and no
regulatory agency has classified soluble forms of nickel as
reproductive risks for humans.
Cobalt
LD50 oral rat: 6171 mg/kg
Inhalation: Asthmatic symptoms and pulmonary fibrosis occurring in
the tungsten carbide industry may be related to the
inhalation of metallic cobalt dust. Evidence of
polycythemia (an increase in the total red cell mass of the
blood in the body) and altered thyroid, kidney and liver
function have also been found. Excessive doses of
metallic cobalt have produced cardiac changes in
miniature swine.
Skin Contact: Repeated contact with metallic cobalt can cause cobalt
sensitivity and allergic skin rashes.
Wounds: Cobalt powders have caused tumors at the site of
injection in rodents. However, studies of cobalt containing
prostheses do not suggest a significant risk for humans.
Preexisting
Conditions: Sensitized individuals may experience an allergic skin
rash or asthma.
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Precautions for Safe Storage, Handling and Use
Do not inhale dust. If user operations generate dust, fume or mist, use ventilation to keep exposure
to airborne contaminants below the exposure limits. If ventilation alone cannot so control exposure,
use approved respirators selected according to the relevant regulatory authority or a relevant
standard. Maintain airborne nickel levels as low as possible.
Avoid repeated skin contact. Wear suitable gloves. Wash skin thoroughly after handling. Launder
clothing and gloves as needed.
Do not store near acids or reactive substances. Like other metals, nickel can react with acids to
Inco liberate hydrogen gas which can form explosive mixtures in air. Like other metal powders, nickel
powder can react explosively or incandescently with substances such as ammonium nitrate,
perchlorates, phosphorous, selenium, sulfur, etc.
Material Under special conditions nickel can react with carbon monoxide in reducing atmospheres to form
nickel carbonyl, Ni(CO)4, a toxic gas.
Spill, Leak and Disposal Procedure
Safety Collect spills by wet sweeping or by vacuuming with the vacuum exhaust passing through a high
efficiency particulate arresting (HEPA) filter if the exhaust is discharged into the workplace.
Data Wear appropriate approved respirators if collection and disposal of spills is likely to cause the
concentration of airborne contaminants to exceed the exposure limits.
Metal-containing waste is normally collected to recover metal values. Should waste disposal be
deemed necessary follow local regulations.
Sheet
Emergency and First Aid Procedures
If exposure to nickel carbonyl is suspected, seek medical attention immediately. For skin rashes,
seek medical attention. Cleanse wounds thoroughly to remove any particles.
INCO LIMITED
Japan Branch
Shin-Muromachi Building
4-3, Nihonbashi-Muromachi 2-chome
Chuo-Ku, Tokyo 103
Japan
(81) 3 3245-0621
Note:
Inco believes that the information in this Material Safety Data Sheet is accurate. However,
Inco makes no express or implied warranty as to the accuracy of such information and
expressly disclaims any liability resulting from reliance on such information.
Footnotes:
1 U.S. Occupational Safety & Health Administration Permissible Exposure Limit
2 Threshold Limit Value of the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists.
3 Describes possible health hazards of the product supplied. If user operations change it to other chemical forms,
whether as end products, intermediates or fugitive emissions, the possible health hazards of such forms must be
determined by the user.
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