Material Safety Data Sheet
Creosote Treated Products
Weyerhaeuser Company Emergency Phone: (253) 924-5000
PO Box 9777 Additional Information: (253) 924-3865
Federal Way, WA 98063-9777 CHEMTREC: (800) 424-9300
http://www.weyerhaeuser.com/environment/msds/default.asp Revised Date: October 10, 2005
1. Product Identification
Product Manufacturing Location(s)
Creosote Pressure Treated Parallam庐 PSL USA: Buckhannon WV; Colbert, GA
Canada: Vancouver, BC
Synonyms: Creosote Pressure Treated Parallam PSL; Creosote Treated Wood
2. Hazardous Ingredients/Identity Information
Name CAS# Percent Agency Exposure Limits Comments
PEL-TWA 15 mg/m3
Wood None 64-81 OSHA Total dust
PEL-TWA 5 mg/m3
OSHA Respirable dust fraction
TLV-TWA 0.5 mg/m3
ACGIH Inhalable, Western red cedar
TLV-TWA 1 mg/m3
ACGIH Inhalable, All other species
A
PEL-TWA 5 mg/m3
Recommended Softwood or hardwood total
dust
A
PEL-STEL 10 mg/m3
Recommended Softwood or hardwood total
dust
A
PEL-TWA 2.5 mg/m3
Recommended Western red cedar total dust
Phenol None 1-9 OSHA PEL-TWA 0.75 ppm Free gaseous formaldehyde
formaldehyde
or Phenol- OSHA PEL-STEL 2 ppm Free gaseous formaldehyde
resorcinol
ACGIH TLV-Ceiling 0.3 ppm Free gaseous formaldehyde
formaldehyde
resin solids B, C
Paraffin wax B PEL-TWA 2 mg/m3
8002-74-2 0-2 OSHA Paraffin wax fume
TLV-TWA 2 mg/m3
ACGIH Paraffin wax fume
PEL-TWA 0.2 mg/m3
18-25 D
Creosote 8001-58-9 OSHA Coal tar pitch volatiles
TLV-TWA 0.2 mg/m3
ACGIH Coal tar pitch volatiles
A
Weyerhaeuser recommended exposure limits based on 1989 OSHA PELs. In 1992, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh
Circuit Court overturned OSHA鈥檚 1989 Air Contaminants Rule, which included specific PELs for wood dust established by OSHA at
that time. Wood dust is now officially regulated as an organic dust in a category known as 鈥淧articulates Not Otherwise Regulated鈥?
(PNOR), or Nuisance Dust. However, a number of states have incorporated the OSHA PELs from the 1989 standard in their state
plans. Additionally, OSHA has announced that it may cite companies under the OSH Act general duty clause under appropriate
circumstances for noncompliance with the 1989 PELs.
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2. Hazardous Ingredients/Identity Information (cont鈥檇.)
B
The VOC content of adhesives and sealants used are equal or less than the current VOC content limits of South Coast Air Quality
Management District (SCAQMD) Rule #1168, AND all sealants used as fillers meet or exceed the requirements of the Bay Area Air
Quality Management District Regulation 8, Rule 51.
C
These products contain less than 0.05% free formaldehyde and contain no urea-formaldehyde resins.
D 3
Based on treatment at a level of 8-12 pounds creosote/ft of wood. Actual percentage may vary due to difference in wood stock
treatment.
3. Hazard Identification
Appearance and Odor: Creosote treated wood is dark brown in color with a fuel-oil odor.
Primary Health Hazards: The primary health hazards posed by this product are thought to be due to
contact of the treating chemical with unprotected skin and secondarily by inhalation of treated or
untreated wood dust.
Primary Route(s) of Exposure:
Ingestion:
Skin: Dust, creosote
Inhalation: Dust
Eye: Dust
Medical Conditions Generally Aggravated by Exposure: Wood dust may aggravate pre-existing
respiratory conditions or allergies. Creosote may aggravate pre-existing eye, skin or respiratory
problems.
Signs and Symptoms of Exposure:
Acute Health Hazards: Wood dust can cause eye irritation. Certain species of wood dust can elicit
allergic contact dermatitis in sensitized individuals. Wood dust may cause respiratory irritation, nasal
dryness, coughing, sneezing, and wheezing as a result of inhalation. Transfer of creosote
preservative to skin can result in irritation which, when accentuated by sunlight, may result in a
phototoxic skin reaction. Preservative vapor may cause respiratory tract irritation. If exposed in a
closed space, creosote vapors may produce headache, drowsiness, and possible weakness and lack
of coordination. Formaldehyde may cause temporary irritation of skin, eyes, or respiratory system.
Formaldehyde may cause sensitization in susceptible individuals. However, the potential for
formaldehyde to off-gas from these products after treatment is negligible.
Chronic Health Hazards: Wood dust, depending on the species, may cause allergic contact dermatitis
and respiratory sensitization with prolonged, repetitive contact or exposure to elevated dust levels.
Prolonged exposure to wood dust has been reported by some observers to be associated with nasal
cancer. Repeated and prolonged contact with creosote may cause conjunctivitis, or allergic
dermatitis. Animal studies have also shown creosote to cause skin cancer. Formaldehyde is
classified by OSHA and NTP as a probable or potential carcinogen. IARC has classified
formaldehyde as carcinogenic to humans.
Carcinogenicity Listing:
NTP: Wood dust, Known to be a Human Carcinogen. Creosote is not listed specifically by NTP;
however, creosote is derived from coal tar and coal tar pitches which are NTP listed
carcinogens. Formaldehyde, Reasonably Anticipated to be a Human Carcinogen.
IARC Monographs: Wood dust, Group 1 鈭? Carcinogenic to humans. Creosote, Group 2A 鈭?
Probably carcinogenic to humans. Formaldehyde, Group 1 鈭? Carcinogenic to humans.
OSHA Regulated: Formaldehyde gas
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3. Hazard Identification (cont鈥檇.)
NTP:
Wood Dust
According to its Tenth Report on Carcinogens, NTP states, 鈥淲ood dust is known to be a human
carcinogen based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in humans. An association
between wood dust exposure and cancer of the nose has been observed in many case reports,
cohort studies, and case-control studies that specifically addressed nasal cancer. Strong and
consistent associations with cancer of the nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses were observed both
in studies of people whose occupations are associated with wood dust exposure and in studies that
directly estimated wood dust exposure.鈥?
IARC:
Wood Dust
Group 1 (Carcinogenic to Humans; sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity). This classification is primarily
based on studies showing an association between occupational exposure to wood dust and
adenocarcinoma of the nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses. IARC did not find sufficient evidence of
an association between occupational exposure to wood dust and cancers of the oropharynx,
hypopharynx, lung, lymphatic and hematopoietic systems, stomach, colon or rectum.
Group 2A: (creosote) Probably Carcinogenic to Humans. Sufficient evidence in animals, limited
evidence in humans.
Formaldehyde
Group 1 (Carcinogenic to Humans). A working group of IARC has determined that there is sufficient
evidence that formaldehyde causes nasopharyngeal cancer in humans, a rare cancer in developed
countries. However, numerous epidemiological studies have failed to demonstrate a relationship
between formaldehyde exposure and nasal cancer or pulmonary diseases such as emphysema or
lung cancer. Universities Associated for Research and Education in Pathology Inc. (UAREP)
concluded that there was no 鈥渃onvincing evidence鈥? that formaldehyde exposure causes cancer in
humans. Rats exposed to 14 ppm of formaldehyde for 24 months in the laboratory developed nasal
cancer. Exposure of 6 ppm did not result in statistically significant levels. The NCI epidemiology
study of 26,000 workers found little evidence linking formaldehyde exposure to cancer.
4. Emergency and First-Aid Procedures
Ingestion: If victim is conscious, give plenty of water and try to induce vomiting. Continue giving water
until vomitus is clear. If unconscious do not induce vomiting. Seek medical help.
Eye Contact: Wood dust may cause mechanical irritation. Creosote vapor and liquid may cause tearing
or burning sensation. Treat dust in eye as foreign object. Flush with water to remove dust particles.
Seek medical help if irritation persists.
Skin Contact: Wood dust of certain species can elicit allergic contact dermatitis in sensitized individuals,
as well as mechanical irritation resulting in erythema and hives. Creosote will irritate the skin, which
is accentuated by sunlight and can lead to phototoxic skin reactions in sensitive individuals. Wash
affected areas with plenty of soap and water. Remove and clean contaminated clothing. Seek
medical help if rash, irritation or dermatitis persists.
Skin Absorption: Creosote can be absorbed through the skin.
Inhalation: Wood dust may cause unpleasant obstruction in the nasal passages, resulting in dryness of
nose, dry cough, sneezing and headaches. Creosote vapor may cause respiratory difficulties and
central nervous system effects characterized by headache, drowsiness, weakness and lack of
coordination. Remove to fresh air. Seek medical help if persistent irritation, severe coughing or
breathing difficulty occurs.
Note to Physician: None
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5. Fire and Explosion Data
Flash Point (Method Used): NAP
LFL = NAP UFL = NAP
Flammable Limits:
Extinguishing Media: Water spray, carbon dioxide, sand or dry chemical.
Autoignition Temperature: Wood component - variable [typically 400掳-500掳F (204掳-260掳C)].
Special Firefighting Procedures: Toxic coal tar smoke and fume will be released. Use SCBA and
complete turn-out gear while fighting fire. Use water to wet down wood dust to reduce the likelihood
of ignition or dispersion of dust into the air. Remove burned, charred or wet dust to open, secure
area after fire is extinguished.
Unusual Fire and Explosion Hazards: Depending on moisture content and more importantly, particle
diameter, wood dust may explode in the presence of an ignition source. An airborne concentration of
40 grams (40,000 mg) of dust per cubic meter of air is often used as the LEL for wood dusts.
Health = 1 Fire = 2 Reactivity = 0
NFPA Rating (Scale 0-4):
6. Accidental Release Measures
Steps to be Taken In Case Material Is Released or Spilled: Not applicable for product in purchased
form. Wear protective gloves (viton, butyl nitrile rubber, butyl/neoprene or neoprene) when handling
product. See section 8 below. Wood dust may be vacuumed or shoveled for recovery or disposal.
Avoid dusty conditions and provide good ventilation. Use NIOSH-approved respirator and goggles
where ventilation is not possible and allowable exposure limits may be exceeded.
7. Handling and Storage
Precautions to be Taken In Handling and Storage: Avoid repeated or prolonged breathing of treated
or untreated wood dust. Use a respirator if dust is generated during handling. See section 8 below.
Avoid eye contact and repeated or direct contact with unprotected skin. Use protective disposable
clothing such as Tyvek-type coveralls. Change protective clothing and gloves when signs of
contamination appear. When storing product, the material should be kept off the ground. These
products may release very small quantities of formaldehyde in gaseous form. Under foreseeable
conditions of use, these products release less than 0.050 ppm formaldehyde in standard large
chamber test conditions. Keep in cool, dry place away from open flame.
8. Exposure Control Measures, Personal Protection
Personal Protective Equipment:
RESPIRATORY PROTECTION 鈥? A NIOSH-approved dust respirator (half-mask with HEPA cartridge is
recommended) when allowable wood dust exposure limits may be exceeded. If creosote-related
vapor levels are excessive (which is not likely), an organic vapor cartridge respirator in combination
with the dust cartridge is recommended.
PROTECTIVE GLOVES 鈥? Rubber gloves are recommended when handling product. Type of glove
materials suitable for handling this product include: viton, butile nitrile rubber, butyl/neoprene and
neoprene. Gauntlet length glove is recommended when extensive handling is expected.
EYE PROTECTION 鈥? Not applicable for product in purchased form. Goggles or safety glasses are
recommended when machining this product and in areas with high dust levels.
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8. Exposure Control Measures, Personal Protection (cont鈥檇.)
OTHER PROTECTIVE CLOTHING OR EQUIPMENT 鈥? Disposable Tyvek-like outer garments may
be desirable in extremely dusty areas and should be used when activity would cause unavoidable
contact with skin and clothing. If preservative and/or wood dust accumulates on clothes, launder
before reuse. It is recommended to launder work clothes separately from other household clothing.
To protect against phototoxicity, apply a commercially available sun block agent with a Sun
Protection Factor of 鈮? 15 under barrier creams. Barrier creams applied several times during the day
have been found to be beneficial for workers in the wood treating industry.
WORK/HYGIENE PRACTICES 鈥? Follow good hygienic and housekeeping practices. It is very important
to wash hands frequently. Clean up areas where wood dust settles to avoid excessive accumulation
of this combustible material. Minimize blowdown or other practices that generate high airborne-dust
concentrations.
Ventilation:
LOCAL EXHAUST 鈥? Provide local exhaust as needed so that exposure limits are met.
MECHANICAL (GENERAL) 鈥? Provide general ventilation in processing and storage areas so that
exposure limits are met.
SPECIAL 鈥? None
OTHER 鈥? None
9. Physical/Chemical Properties
Physical Description: Creosote treated wood is dark brown in color with a fuel-oil odor.
NAP
Boiling Point (@ 760 mm Hg):
NAP
Evaporation Rate (Butyl Acetate = 1):
NAP
Freezing Point:
NAP
Melting Point:
NAP
Molecular Formula:
NAP
Molecular Weight:
NAP
Oil-water Distribution Coefficient:
NAP
Odor Threshold:
NAP
pH:
Insoluble
Solubility in Water (% by weight):
Variable; depends on wood species and moisture
Specific Gravity (H2O = 1):
NAP
Vapor Density (air = 1; 1 atm):
NAP
Vapor Pressure (mm Hg):
NAP
Viscosity:
% Volatile by Volume [@ 70掳F (21掳C)]: NAP
10. Stability and Reactivity
Stability: Unstable Stable
Conditions to Avoid: Avoid open flame. Product may ignite at temperatures in excess of 400掳F
(204掳C).
Incompatibility (Materials to Avoid): Avoid contact with oxidizing agents and drying oils.
Hazardous Decomposition or By-Products: Thermal decomposition products include oxides of carbon
and nitrogen, as well as aliphatic aldehydes, resin acids, terpenes, and polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons.
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10. Stability and Reactivity (cont鈥檇.)
Hazardous Polymerization: May occur Will not occur
Sensitivity to Mechanical Impact: NAP
Sensitivity to Static Discharge: NAP
11. Toxicological Information
Toxicity Data: None available for product in purchased form. Individual component information is listed
below if available.
Components:
Wood dust (softwood or hardwood)
OSHA Hazard Rating = 3.3; moderately toxic with probable oral lethal dose to humans being 0.5-5 g/kg
(about 1 pound for a 70 kg or 150 pound person). Wood dust 鈥? generated from sawing, sanding or
machining the product 鈥? may cause nasal dryness, irritation, coughing and sinusitis. NTP and IARC
classify wood dust as a human carcinogen (IARC Group 1). This classification is based primarily on
increased risk in the occurrence of adenocarcinomas of the nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses
associated with exposure to wood dust. The evaluation did not find sufficient evidence to associate
cancers of the oropharynx, hypopharynx, lung, lymphatic and hematopoietic systems, stomach, colon
or rectum with exposure to wood dust.
Source: OSHA Regulated Hazardous Substances, Government Institutes, Inc., February 1990.
Creosote
Acute toxicity: LDLo (oral, cat) = 600 mg/kg. LDLo (oral, dog) = 600 mg/kg. LDLo (oral, rabbit) = 600 mg/kg.
LD50 (oral, rat) = 725 mg/kg. LD50 (oral, mouse) = 433 mg/kg.
Carcinogenicity Studies: Tumorogenic Data: TDLo (skin, mouse) = 99 gm/kg/33 W-I [33 week study -
dose administered intermittently]. IARC Cancer Review: Animal Sufficient Evidence. IARC Cancer
Review: Human Limited Evidence. IARC probable human carcinogen (Group 2A). TP: NTP Fourth
Annual Report on Carcinogens, 1984. NTP human carcinogen. Mutation Data: Microsomal
mutagenic assay using salmonella typhimurium - lowest dose. 20 micrograms per plate. Body fluid
assay (rat) using salmonella typhimurium - lowest dose. 250 mg/kg.
Terotogenicity Studies: Reproductive Effects Data: TDLo (oral, rat) = 14/gm/kg (91 day study on male
rats). TDLo (oral, rat) = 52416 mg/kg (91 day study administered on females prior to mating. TDLo
(oral, mouse) = 131 gm/kg (91 day study on male mice).
Source: OSHA Regulated Hazardous Substances, Government Institutes, Inc., February 1990; Lewis,
F.J., Sr. Sax鈥檚 Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, Eighth Edition, Van Nostrand Reinhold,
NY; Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS), National Institute of Occupational
Safety and Health (provided by the Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, CCINFO
May 1995).
Formaldehyde
OSHA Hazard Rating = 3 for local and systemic acute and chronic exposures; highly toxic. Irritation
studies: human skin, 150 ug/3 days, intermittent exposure produced mild results; human eye,
1 ppm/6 minutes produced mild results. Toxicity studies: human inhalation TCLo of 8 ppm reported,
but response not specified; human inhalation TCLo of 17 mg/m3 for 30 minutes produced eye and
pulmonary results; human inhalation TCLo of 300 ug/m3 produced nose and central nervous system
results; LC50 (rat, inhalation) = 1,000 mg/m3, 30 minutes; LC50 (mice, inhalation) = 400 mg/m3,
2 hours. Source: OSHA Regulated Hazardous Substances, Government Institutes, Inc., February
1990; Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS), National Institute for Occupational
Safety and Health (provided by Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, CCINFO May
1995).
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11. Toxicological Information (cont鈥檇.)
Exposure to gaseous formaldehyde may cause temporary irritation to the nose and throat as well as lead
to respiratory disorders. However, in a thorough review of sensory/respiratory irritation studies of
formaldehyde from the standpoint of occupational exposure, an expert panel has observed exposure
up to concentrations of 0.3 ppm failed to produce irritation. With regard to respiratory disorders,
studies have concluded the threshold for long-term chronic pulmonary effects is between 0.4 and
3 ppm and for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is 2 ppm. Pre-existing respiratory disorders
may be aggravated by exposure.
Epidemiology studies of workers exposed to formaldehyde have failed to consistently identify an
association between formaldehyde exposure and cancer. In animal studies, rats and mice exposed
to high levels of formaldehyde developed nasal cancer while hamsters did not. These exposure
levels are far above those levels normally found in the workplace. Formaldehyde is classified by
IARC as carcinogenic to humans (Group 1). A working group of IARC has determined that there is
sufficient evidence that formaldehyde causes nasopharyngeal cancer in humans, a rare cancer in
developed countries. NTP included formaldehyde in the annual report on carcinogens. OSHA
regulates formaldehyde as a potential carcinogen for exposures exceeding 0.5 ppm.
Target Organs: None for product in purchased form.
12. Ecological Information
Environmental Toxicity: No information available for product in purchased form. Individual component
information is listed below if available.
Creosote
TL50 Carassius Auratus (goldfish) 3.51 ppm/24 hr (60:40) mixture of creosote and coal tar) /Conditions of
bioassay not specified. TL50 Lepomis Macrochirus (bluegill) 4.42 ppm/24 hr (60:40 mixture of
creosote and coal tar) /Conditions of bioassay not specified. TL50 Salmo Gairdneri (rainbow
trout) 3.72 ppm/24 hr (60:40 mixture of creosote and coal tar) /Conditions of bioassay not specified.
LD50 Colinus Virginianus (bob white quail) 1,260 ppm/8 days (60:40 mixture of creosote and coal tar)
LD50 Anas Platyrhynchos (mallard duck) 10,388 ppm/8 days (60:40 mixture of creosote and coal tar).
Source: OSHA Regulated Hazardous Substances, Government Institutes, Inc., February 1990; Lewis,
F.J., Sr. Sax鈥檚 Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, Eighth Edition, Van Nostrand Reinhold,
NY; Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS), National Institute of Occupational
Safety and Health (provided by the Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, CCINFO
May 1995).
Environmental Fate: No information available at this time.
13. Disposal Considerations
Waste Disposal Method: In most states, creosote treated wood may be disposed of in an ordinary
landfill. However, local and provincial requirements may require pre-treatment. Check local disposal
requirements in your area prior to landfilling. Do not burn treated wood in open fires, stoves,
fireplaces, or residential boilers because toxic chemicals will be produced in the smoke and ash.
Treated wood from commercial or industrial use (for example, construction sites) may be burned only
in commercial or industrial incinerators or boilers in accordance with federal, state, provincial and
local regulations.
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14. Transport Information
Mode: (land, air, water) Not regulated as a hazardous material by the U.S. Department of
Transportation. Not listed as a hazardous material in Canadian Transportation of Dangerous Goods
(TDG) regulations
NAP
Proper Shipping Name:
NAP
Hazard Class:
NAP
UN/NA ID Number:
NAP
Packing Group:
NAP
Information Reported for Product/Size:
15. Regulatory Information
TSCA: The following ingredients are on the TSCA chemical substance inventory:
Formaldehyde (CAS# 50-00-0)
Creosote (CAS# 8001-58-9)
Paraffin wax (CAS# 8002-74-2)
CERCLA: NAP
DSL: The following ingredients are listed under the Canadian Domestic Substance List:
Formaldehyde (CAS# 50-00-0)
Creosote (CAS# 8001-58-9)
Paraffin wax (CAS# 8002-74-2)
OSHA: Wood products are not hazardous under the criteria of the federal OSHA Hazard Communication
Standard 29 CFR 1910.1200. However, creosote vapors from this product and wood dust generated
by sawing, sanding or machining this product may be hazardous.
STATE RIGHT-TO-KNOW:
California Prop 65 鈭? This product contains creosote and formaldehyde, chemicals known in the State of
California to cause cancer. Formaldehyde, depending on temperature and humidity, may be emitted
from the product. Weyerhaeuser has evaluated formaldehyde emission rates from its products and
has found these rates to be below the significant risk level that would require product warnings.
New Jersey 鈭? Creosote, CAS# 8001-58-9, as 鈥淐oal Tar Creosote鈥? and formaldehyde, CAS# 50-00-0, are
listed on New Jersey鈥檚 Right-To-Know Hazardous Substance Program.
Pennsylvania 鈭? This product contains formaldehyde which, depending on temperature and humidity, may
be emitted from the product. When cut or otherwise machined, the product may emit wood dust.
Formaldehyde, wood dust, paraffin wax and creosote each appear on Pennsylvania鈥檚 Appendix A 鈭?
Hazardous Substance Lists.
SARA 313 Information: This product contains the following substances subject to the reporting
requirements of SARA Title III Section 313 and 40 C.F.R. Part 372:
Creosote, CAS# 8001-58-9.
SARA 311/312 Hazard Category: This product has been reviewed according to the EPA 鈥淗azard
Categories鈥? promulgated under SARA Title III Sections 311 and 312 and is considered, under
applicable definitions, to meet the following categories:
An immediate (acute) health hazard: Yes
A delayed (chronic) health hazard: Yes
A fire hazard: No
A reactivity hazard: No
A sudden release hazard: No
FDA: NAP
WHMIS Classification: Creosote 鈭? Class D, Division 2, Subdivision A; Very Toxic Material
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16. Additional Information
Date Prepared: 5/18/01
Date Revised: 10/10/2005
Prepared By: Weyerhaeuser Company, Corporate Environment, Health & Safety
Weyerhaeuser MSDS available on: http://www.weyerhaeuser.com/environment/msds/default.asp
User鈥檚 Responsibility: The information contained in this Material Safety Data Sheet is based on the
experience of occupational health and safety professionals and comes from sources believed to be
accurate or otherwise technically correct. It is the user鈥檚 responsibility to determine if the product is
suitable for its proposed application(s) and to follow necessary safety precautions. The user has the
responsibility to make sure that this MSDS is the most up-to-date issue.
Definition of Common Terms:
ACGIH = American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists
C = Ceiling Limit
CAS# = Chemical Abstracts System Number
DOT = U. S. Department of Transportation
DSL = Domestic Substance List
EC50 = Effective concentration that inhibits the endpoint to 50% of control population
EPA = U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
IARC = International Agency for Research on Cancer
IATA = International Air Transport Association
IMDG = International Maritime Dangerous Goods
LC50 = Concentration in air resulting in death to 50% of experimental animals
LCLo = Lowest concentration in air resulting in death
LD50 = Administered dose resulting in death to 50% of experimental animals
LDLo = Lowest dose resulting in death
LEL = Lower Explosive Limit
LFL = Lower Flammable Limit
MSHA = Mine Safety and Health Administration
NAP = Not Applicable
NAV = Not Available
NIOSH = National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
NPRI = Canadian National Pollution Release Inventory
NTP = National Toxicology Program
OSHA = Occupational Safety and Health Administration
PEL = Permissible Exposure Limit
RCRA = Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
STEL = Short-Term Exposure Limit (15 minutes)
STP = Standard Temperature and Pressure
TCLo = Lowest concentration in air resulting in a toxic effect
TDG = Canadian Transportation of Dangerous Goods
TDLo = Lowest dose resulting in a toxic effect
TLV = Threshold Limit Value
TSCA = Toxic Substance Control Act
TWA = Time-Weighted Average (8 hours)
UFL = Upper Flammable Limit
WHMIS = Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System
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