HEXAMINE
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 29-Aug-2006 CHEMWATCH 1328
NC317TCP Version No:1
CD 2007/3 Page 1 of 16
Section 1 - CHEMICAL PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION
PRODUCT NAME
HEXAMINE
SYNONYMS
C6-H12-N4, HMTA, hexamethyleneamine, "1, 3, 5, 7-tetraazatricyclo[3.3.1.1]-decane", "1, 3
, 5, 7-tetraazatricyclo[3.3.1.1]-decane", "1, 3, 5, 7-tetraaza-adamantane", "1, 3, 5, 7
-tetraaza-adamantane", Aminoform, Ammoform, Cystamin, Cystogen, Formin, Formamine,
Ammonioformaldehyde, Metramine, Hexaform, Uritone, Hexilmethyleneamine, Urotropine,
Resotropin, Urotropin, "Methenamine GR"
PROPER SHIPPING NAME
HEXAMETHYLENE- TETRAMINE
PRODUCT USE
Used in the manufacture of explosive compounds, sealing compounds, hide preservatives,
phenol- formaldehyde resin cross- linking agents, corrosion inhibitors, and lubrication
and insulation oils. It is also used in the manufacture of adhesives, dye fixatives,
shrink- proof textiles, and protein modifiers. Other uses include antiseptics,
pharmaceuticals, fuel tablets for camping stoves and organic synthesis. Decomposes on
heating to form highly irritating and flammable formaldehyde and ammonia gases.
SUPPLIER
Company: Quantum Chemicals Pty Ltd
Address:
70 Quantum Close
Dandenong South
Victoria 3175
Telephone: 03 8795 8000
Emergency Tel: 1300 131 001
Fax: 03 8795 8099
HAZARD RATINGS
Flammability
Toxicity
Body Contact
Reactivity
Chronic
SCALE: Min/Nil=0 Low=1 Moderate=2 High=3 Extreme=4
HEXAMINE
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 29-Aug-2006 CHEMWATCH 1328
NC317TCP Version No:1
CD 2007/3 Page 2 of 16
Section 2 - HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION
STATEMENT OF HAZARDOUS NATURE
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE. DANGEROUS GOODS. According to the Criteria of NOHSC,
and the ADG Code.
POISONS SCHEDULE
None
RISK SAFETY
Highly flammable. Do not breathe dust.
May cause SENSITISATION by inhalation. Wear suitable protective clothing.
May cause SENSITISATION by skin contact. Use only in well ventilated areas.
To clean the floor and all objects contaminated
by this material use water.
Keep away from food drink and animal feeding
stuffs.
If swallowed IMMEDIATELY contact Doctor or
Poisons Information Centre (show this container
or label).
This material and its container must be disposed
of as hazardous waste.
Section 3 - COMPOSITION / INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS
NAME CAS RN %
hexamine 100-97-0 > 98
NOTE: Slowly decomposes in water to produce
formaldehyde 50-00-0
ammonia 1336-21-6
Section 4 - FIRST AID MEASURES
SWALLOWED
For advice, contact a Poisons Information Centre or a doctor.
路 If swallowed do NOT induce vomiting.
路 If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if
possible) to maintain open airway and prevent aspiration.
路 Observe the patient carefully.
路 Never give liquid to a person showing signs of being sleepy or with reduced awareness;
i.e. becoming unconscious
路 Give water to rinse out mouth, then provide liquid slowly and as much as casualty can
comfortably drink.
路 Seek medical advice.
EYE
If this product comes in contact with the eyes:
路 Wash out immediately with fresh running water.
HEXAMINE
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 29-Aug-2006 CHEMWATCH 1328
NC317TCP Version No:1
CD 2007/3 Page 3 of 16
Section 4 - FIRST AID MEASURES
路 Ensure complete irrigation of the eye by keeping eyelids apart and away from eye and
moving the eyelids by occasionally lifting the upper and lower lids.
路 If pain persists or recurs seek medical attention.
路 Removal of contact lenses after an eye injury should only be undertaken by skilled
personnel.
SKIN
If skin or hair contact occurs:
路 Flush skin and hair with running water (and soap if available).
路 Seek medical attention in event of irritation.
INHALED
路 If dust is inhaled, remove from contaminated area.
路 Encourage patient to blow nose to ensure clear passage of breathing.
路 If irritation or discomfort persists seek medical attention.
NOTES TO PHYSICIAN
For acute or short-term repeated exposures to formaldehyde:
INGESTION:
路 Patients present early with severe corrosion of the gastro-intestinal tract and
systemic effects.
路 Inflammation and ulceration may progress to strictures.
路 Severe acidosis results from rapid conversion of formaldehyde to formic acid. Coma,
hypotension, renal failure and apnoea complicate ingestion.
路 Decontaminate by dilution with milk or water containing ammonium acetate; vomiting
should be induced. Follow with gastric lavage using a weak ammonia solution (converts
formaldehyde to relatively inert pentamethylenetetramine)
路 Gastric lavage is warranted only in first 15 minutes following ingestion.
SKIN:
路 Formaldehyde can combine with epidermal protein to produce a hapten-protein couple
capable of sensitising T-lymphocytes. Subsequent exposures cause a type IV
hypersensitivity reaction (i.e allergic contact dermatitis). [Ellenhorn & Barceloux:
Medical Toxicology].
May decompose in acid environment of stomach.
Section 5 - FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES
EXTINGUISHING MEDIA
路 Foam.
路 Dry chemical powder.
路 BCF (where regulations permit).
路 Carbon dioxide.
路 Water spray or fog - Large fires only.
FIRE FIGHTING
路 If safe, switch off electrical equipment until vapour fire hazard removed.
路 Use water delivered as a fine spray to control fire and cool adjacent area.
路 Avoid spraying water onto liquid pools.
路 DO NOT approach containers suspected to be hot.
路 Cool fire exposed containers with water spray from a protected location.
路 If safe to do so, remove containers from path of fire.
FIRE/EXPLOSION HAZARD
Flammable solid. Moderate fire and explosion hazard, in the form of dust, when exposed to
heat or flame.
Decomposes on heating and produces acrid and toxic fumes of: highly discomforting
formaldehyde and ammonia.
Combustion products include: nitrogen oxides (NOx).
HEXAMINE
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 29-Aug-2006 CHEMWATCH 1328
NC317TCP Version No:1
CD 2007/3 Page 4 of 16
Section 5 - FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES
FIRE INCOMPATIBILITY
Avoid contamination with oxidising agents i.e. nitrates, oxidising acids, chlorine
bleaches, pool chlorine etc. as ignition may result.
Flammable solid. or 路 Solid which exhibits difficult combustion or is difficult to ignite
路 Avoid generating dust, particularly clouds of dust in a confined or unventilated space
as dusts may form an explosive mixture with air, and any source of ignition, i.e.
flame or spark, will cause fire or explosion. Dust clouds generated by the fine
grinding of the solid are a particular hazard; accumulations of fine dust may burn
rapidly and fiercely if ignited.
路 Dry dust can also be charged electrostatically by turbulence, pneumatic transport,
pouring, in exhaust ducts and during transport.
路 Build-up of electrostatic charge may be prevented by bonding and grounding.
路 Powder handling equipment such as dust collectors, dryers and mills may require
additional protection measures such as explosion venting.
路 All movable parts coming in contact with this material should have a speed of less than
1-metre/sec.
HAZCHEM: 1[Z]
Section 6 - ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES
EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
MINOR SPILLS
路 Remove all ignition sources.
路 Clean up all spills immediately.
路 Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
路 Control personal contact by using protective equipment.
路 Use dry clean up procedures and avoid generating dust.
路 Place in a suitable labelled container for waste disposal.
MAJOR SPILLS
路 Clear area of personnel and move upwind.
路 Alert Fire Brigade and tell them location and nature of hazard.
路 Wear full body protective clothing with breathing apparatus.
路 Prevent, by any means available, spillage from entering drains or water course.
路 Stop leak if safe to do so.
路 Contain spill with sand, earth or vermiculite.
路 Collect recoverable product into labelled containers for recycling.
路 Neutralise/decontaminate residue.
路 Collect solid residues and seal in labelled drums for disposal.
路 Wash area and prevent runoff into drains.
路 After clean up operations, decontaminate and launder all protective clothing and
equipment before storing and re-using.
路 If contamination of drains or waterways occurs, advise emergency services.
PROTECTIVE ACTIONS FOR SPILL
HEXAMINE
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 29-Aug-2006 CHEMWATCH 1328
NC317TCP Version No:1
CD 2007/3 Page 5 of 16
Section 6 - ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES
PROTECTIVE ACTION ZONE
half
evacuation
downwind
direction
distance
down wind distance
wind isolation
distance
direction
half
evacuation downwind
INITIAL direction distance
ISOLATION
ZONE
From IERG (Canada/Australia)
Isolation Distance 25 metres
Downwind Protection Distance 250 metres
IERG Number 20
FOOTNOTES
1 PROTECTIVE ACTION ZONE is defined as the area in which people are at risk of harmful exposure. This zone
assumes that random changes in wind direction confines the vapour plume to an area within 30 degrees on
either side of the predominant wind direction, resulting in a crosswind protective action distance equal
to the downwind protective action distance.
2 PROTECTIVE ACTIONS should be initiated to the extent possible, beginning with those closest to the spill
and working away from the site in the downwind direction. Within the protective action zone a level of
vapour concentration may exist resulting in nearly all unprotected persons becoming incapacitated and
unable to take protective action and/or incurring serious or irreversible health effects.
3 INITIAL ISOLATION ZONE is determined as an area, including upwind of the incident, within which a high
probability of localised wind reversal may expose nearly all persons without appropriate protection to
life-threatening concentrations of the material.
4 SMALL SPILLS involve a leaking package of 200 litres (55 US gallons) or less, such as a drum (jerrican or
box with inner containers). Larger packages leaking less than 200 litres and compressed gas leaking from
a small cylinder are also considered "small spills".
LARGE SPILLS involve many small leaking packages or a leaking package of greater than 200 litres, such as
a cargo tank, portable tank or a "one-tonne" compressed gas cylinder.
5 Guide 133 is taken from the US DOT emergency response guide book.
6 IERG information is derived from CANUTEC - Transport Canada.
EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLANNING GUIDELINES (ERPG)
The maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed that nearly all individuals could be exposed
for up to one hour WITHOUT experiencing or developing
life-threatening health effects is:
hexamine 500 mg/m鲁
irreversible or other serious effects or symptoms which could impair an individual's ability to take
protective action is:
hexamine 50 mg/m鲁
other than mild, transient adverse effects without perceiving a clearly defined odour is:
hexamine 30 mg/m鲁
The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no appreciable risk of health effects:
hexamine 10 mg/m鲁
American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA)
Ingredients considered according to the following cutoffs
Very Toxic (T+) >= 0.1% Toxic (T) >= 3.0%
HEXAMINE
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 29-Aug-2006 CHEMWATCH 1328
NC317TCP Version No:1
CD 2007/3 Page 6 of 16
Section 6 - ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES
R50 >= 0.25% Corrosive (C) >= 5.0%
R51 >= 2.5%
else >= 10%
where percentage is percentage of ingredient found in the mixture
Personal Protective Equipment advice is contained in Section 8 of the MSDS.
Section 7 - HANDLING AND STORAGE
PROCEDURE FOR HANDLING
路 Avoid all personal contact, including inhalation.
路 Wear protective clothing when risk of exposure occurs.
路 Use in a well-ventilated area.
路 Prevent concentration in hollows and sumps.
路 DO NOT enter confined spaces until atmosphere has been checked.
路 Avoid smoking, naked lights or ignition sources.
路 Avoid contact with incompatible materials.
路 When handling, DO NOT eat, drink or smoke.
路 Keep containers securely sealed when not in use.
路 Avoid physical damage to containers.
路 Always wash hands with soap and water after handling.
路 Work clothes should be laundered separately.
路 Use good occupational work practice.
路 Observe manufacturer's storing and handling recommendations.
路 Atmosphere should be regularly checked against established exposure standards to
ensure safe working conditions.
SUITABLE CONTAINER
Glass container.
Multi-ply paper bag with sealed plastic liner or heavy gauge plastic bag.
NOTE: Bags should be stacked, blocked, interlocked, and limited in height so that they
are stable and secure against sliding or collapse. Check that all containers are clearly
labelled and free from leaks. Packing as recommended by manufacturer.
STORAGE INCOMPATIBILITY
路 Avoid oxidising agents, acids, acid chlorides, acid anhydrides.
STORAGE REQUIREMENTS
Observe manufacturer's storing and handling recommendations.
Store away from sources of heat or ignition / naked lights.
Store in a cool, dry place.
Keep containers securely sealed.
Store away from incompatible materials.
No smoking, naked lights, heat or ignition sources.
Protect containers against physical damage.
Check regularly for spills and leaks.
_____________________________________________________
SAFE STORAGE WITH OTHER CLASSIFIED CHEMICALS
+ X X X X +
_____________________________________________________
+: May be stored together
O: May be stored together with specific preventions
X: Must not be stored together
HEXAMINE
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 29-Aug-2006 CHEMWATCH 1328
NC317TCP Version No:1
CD 2007/3 Page 7 of 16
Section 8 - EXPOSURE CONTROLS / PERSONAL PROTECTION
EXPOSURE CONTROLS
Source Material TWA ppm TWA mg/m鲁 STEL ppm STEL mg/m鲁
_________ _________ _____ _____ _____ _____
Australia formaldehyde 1 1.2 2 2.5
Exposure (Formaldehyde
Standards (h))
Australia ammonia (Ammonia) 25 17 35 24
Exposure
Standards
The following materials had no OELs on our records
鈥? hexamine: CAS:100- 97- 0
EMERGENCY EXPOSURE LIMITS
Material Revised IDLH Value (mg/m3) Revised IDLH Value (ppm)
formaldehyde 20
ammonia 300
ODOUR SAFETY FACTOR (OSF)
OSF=0.36 (FORMALDEHYDE)
Exposed individuals are NOT reasonably expected to be warned, by smell, that the Exposure
Standard is being exceeded.
Odour Safety Factor (OSF) is determined to fall into either Class C, D or E.
The Odour Safety Factor (OSF) is defined as:
OSF= Exposure Standard (TWA) ppm/ Odour Threshold Value (OTV) ppm
Classification into classes follows:
Class OSF Description
A 550 Over 90% of exposed individuals
are aware by smell that the
Exposure Standard (TLV- TWA for
example) is being reached, even
when distracted by working
activities
B 26- 550 As " A" for 50- 90% of persons
being distracted
C 1- 26 As " A" for less than 50% of
persons being distracted
D 0.18- 1 10- 50% of persons aware of
being tested perceive by smell
that the Exposure Standard is
being reached
E <0.18 As " D" for less than 10% of
persons aware of being tested
.
MATERIAL DATA
CEL TWA: 3 mg/m3 (compare OEL TWA (Sweden))
INGREDIENT DATA
FORMALDEHYDE:
Odour Threshold Value: 0.98 ppm (recognition)
NOTE: Detector tubes for formaldehyde, measuring in excess of 0.2 ppm are
HEXAMINE
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 29-Aug-2006 CHEMWATCH 1328
NC317TCP Version No:1
CD 2007/3 Page 8 of 16
Section 8 - EXPOSURE CONTROLS / PERSONAL PROTECTION
available commercially.
Formaldehyde vapour exposure:
Primary irritation is dependent on duration of exposure and individual
susceptibility.
The following are typical symptoms encountered at various exposure levels.
0.1 ppm - Lower level of mucous eye, nose and throat irritation
0.8 ppm - Typical threshold of perception
1-2 ppm - Typical threshold of irritation
2-3 ppm - Irritation of eyes, nose and throat
4-5 ppm - Increased irritation, tearing, headache, pungent odour
10-20 ppm - Profuse tearing, severe burning, coughing
50 ppm - Serious bronchial and alveolar damage
100 ppm - Formaldehyde induced chemical pneumonia and death
Despite the intent of the TLV Ceiling recommendation it is believed that
0.3 ppm will not protect that portion of the workforce (up to 20%) reported
to be responsive to low ambient concentrations. Because of the dose-related
carcinogenic activity for rat and mouse inhalation of formaldehyde, the
report of macromolecular adducts in the upper and lower respiratory
tracts of nonhuman primates following inhalation of formaldehyde, the human
case reports of upper respiratory tract malignant melanoma associated with
formaldehyde inhalation and the suggestive epidemiologic data on human
cancer risk, the TLV Committee recommends that workplace formaldehyde air
concentrations be reduced to the lowest possible levels that can be
achieved using engineering controls.
AMMONIA:
Odour Threshold Value: Variously reported as 0.019 ppm and 55 ppm;
AIHA Value 16.7 ppm (detection)
NOTE: Detector tubes for ammonia, measuring in excess of 1 ppm, are
commercially available.
The TLV-TWA is thought to be protective against irritation of the eyes and
respiratory tract and minimise discomfort among workers that are not
inured to its effects and systemic damage. Acclimatised persons are able
to tolerate prolonged exposures of up to 100 ppm without symptoms. Marked
irritation has been seen in persons exposed to ammonia concentrations
between 50 and 100 ppm only when the exposures involved sudden
concentration peaks which do not permit short-term acclimatisation. The
detoxification capacity of the liver is significant since the amount of
ammonia formed endogenously in the intestines markedly exceeds that from
external sources.
Human exposure effects, at vapour concentrations of about:
--------------------------------------------------
--------------------
ppm Possible Effects
--------------------------------------------------
----------------------
5 minimal irritation
9-50 nasal dryness, olfactory fatigue and moderate irritation
125-137 definite nose, throat and chest irritation
140 slight eye irritation
150 laryngeal spasm
500 30 minute exposures may produce cyclic hypernea, increased blood
pressure and pulse rate, and upper respiratory tract irritation
which may persist for 24 hours
700 immediate eye irritation
1500-10000 dyspnea, convulsive coughing, chest pain, respiratory spasm,
pink frothy sputum, rapid asphyxia and delayed pulmonary oedema
which may be fatal. Other effects include runny nose, swelling
of the lips, restlessness, headache, salivation, nausea,
vomiting, glottal oedema, pharyngitis, tracheitis, and speech
difficulties. Bronchopneumonia, asphyxiation due to spasms,
HEXAMINE
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 29-Aug-2006 CHEMWATCH 1328
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CD 2007/3 Page 9 of 16
Section 8 - EXPOSURE CONTROLS / PERSONAL PROTECTION
inflammation, and oedema of the larynx, may be fatal. Residual
effects include hoarseness, productive cough, and decreased
respiratory function
>2500 severe eye irritation, with swelling of the eyelids,
lachrymation, blepharospasm, palpebral oedema, increased
intraocular pressure, oval semi-dilated, fixed pupils, corneal
ulceration (often severe) and temporary blindness. Depending on
duration of exposure, there may be destruction of the
epithelium, corneal and lenticular opacification, and iritis
accompanied by hypopyon or haemorrhage and possible loss of
pigment from the posterior layer of the iris. Less severe
damage is often resolved. In the case of severe damage,
symptoms may be delayed; late complications including
persistent oedema, vascularisation and corneal scarring,
permanent opacity, acute angle glaucoma, staphyloma, cataract,
and atrophy of the retina, iris, and symblepharon.
Long-term exposure to sub-acute concentrations or single exposures to
high concentrations may produce chronic airway dysfunction, alveolar
disease, bronchiolitis, bronchiectasis, emphysema and anxiety neuroses
PERSONAL PROTECTION
EYE
路 Safety glasses with side shields.
路 Chemical goggles.
路 Contact lenses may pose a special hazard; soft contact lenses may absorb and
concentrate irritants. A written policy document, describing the wearing of lens or
restrictions on use, should be created for each workplace or task. This should include a
review of lens absorption and adsorption for the class of chemicals in use and an account
of injury experience. Medical and first-aid personnel should be trained in their removal
and suitable equipment should be readily available. In the event of chemical exposure,
begin eye irrigation immediately and remove contact lens as soon as practicable. Lens
should be removed at the first signs of eye redness or irritation - lens should be
removed in a clean environment only after workers have washed hands thoroughly. [CDC
NIOSH Current Intelligence Bulletin 59].
HANDS/FEET
Rubber gloves.
PVC gloves.
Safety footwear.
OTHER
Overalls.
路 Barrier cream.
路 Skin cleansing cream.
路 Eyewash unit.
Ensure there is ready access to a safety shower.
RESPIRATOR
Selection of the Class and Type of respirator will depend upon the level of breathing
zone contaminant and the chemical nature of the contaminant. Protection Factors (defined
as the ratio of contaminant outside and inside the mask) may also be important.
HEXAMINE
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 29-Aug-2006 CHEMWATCH 1328
NC317TCP Version No:1
CD 2007/3 Page 10 of 16
Section 8 - EXPOSURE CONTROLS / PERSONAL PROTECTION
Breathing Zone Level Maximum Protection Half- face Respirator Full- Face Respirator
ppm (volume) Factor
1000 10 BKAX- AUS P -
1000 50 - BKAX- AUS P
5000 50 Airline * -
5000 100 - BKAX- 2 P
10000 100 - BKAX- 3 P
100+ Airline**
* - Continuous Flow ** - Continuous-flow or positive pressure demand.
The local concentration of material, quantity and conditions of use determine the type of
personal protective equipment required.
For further information consult site specific
CHEMWATCH data (if available), or your
Occupational Health and Safety Advisor.
ENGINEERING CONTROLS
Use in a well-ventilated area.
General exhaust is adequate under normal operating conditions. Local exhaust ventilation
may be required in specific circumstances. If risk of overexposure exists, wear approved
respirator. Correct fit is essential to obtain adequate protection. Provide adequate
ventilation in warehouse or closed storage areas. Air contaminants generated in the
workplace possess varying "escape" velocities which, in turn, determine the "capture
velocities" of fresh circulating air required to effectively remove the contaminant.
Type of Contaminant: Air Speed:
solvent, vapours, degreasing etc., evaporating 0.25- 0.5 m/s (50- 100 f/min)
from tank (in still air).
aerosols, fumes from pouring operations, 0.5- 1 m/s (100- 200 f/min.)
intermittent container filling, low speed
conveyer transfers, welding, spray drift,
plating acid fumes, pickling (released at low
velocity into zone of active generation)
direct spray, spray painting in shallow booths, 1- 2.5 m/s (200- 500 f/min.)
drum filling, conveyer loading, crusher dusts,
gas discharge (active generation into zone of
rapid air motion)
grinding, abrasive blasting, tumbling, high 2.5- 10 m/s (500- 2000 f/min.)
speed wheel generated dusts (released at high
initial velocity into zone of very high rapid
air motion).
Within each range the appropriate value depends on:
Lower end of the range Upper end of the range
1: Room air currents minimal or favourable to 1: Disturbing room air currents
capture
2: Contaminants of low toxicity or of nuisance 2: Contaminants of high toxicity
value only.
3: Intermittent, low production. 3: High production, heavy use
4: Large hood or large air mass in motion 4: Small hood- local control only
Simple theory shows that air velocity falls rapidly with distance away from the opening
of a simple extraction pipe. Velocity generally decreases with the square of distance
from the extraction point (in simple cases). Therefore the air speed at the extraction
point should be adjusted, accordingly, after reference to distance from the contaminating
HEXAMINE
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 29-Aug-2006 CHEMWATCH 1328
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CD 2007/3 Page 11 of 16
Section 8 - EXPOSURE CONTROLS / PERSONAL PROTECTION
source. The air velocity at the extraction fan, for example, should be a minimum of 1-2
m/s (200-400 f/min) for extraction of solvents generated in a tank 2 meters distant from
the extraction point. Other mechanical considerations, producing performance deficits
within the extraction apparatus, make it essential that theoretical air velocities are
multiplied by factors of 10 or more when extraction systems are installed or used.
Section 9 - PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
APPEARANCE
White powder or colourless crystals. Mild ammonia odour. Soluble in water, alcohol,
acetone and chloroform. Aqueous solutions slowly dissociate releasing formaldehyde and
ammonia.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Solid.
Mixes with water.
Molecular Weight: 140.19 Boiling Range (掳C): 263 (Sublimes.)
Melting Range (掳C): 285- 295 (Decomp) Specific Gravity (water=1): 1.33 @ 20 C
Solubility in water (g/L): Miscible pH (as supplied): Not applicable
pH (1% solution): 8.4 (0.2M aq) Vapour Pressure (kPa): Not applicable.
Volatile Component (%vol): Not applicable. Evaporation Rate: Not applicable
Relative Vapour Density (air=1): 4.9 Flash Point (掳C): 250 C
Lower Explosive Limit (%): Not available. Upper Explosive Limit (%): Not available.
Autoignition Temp (掳C): Not available. Decomposition Temp (掳C): Not available
State: Divided solid Viscosity: Not available
Section 10 - CHEMICAL STABILITY AND REACTIVITY INFORMATION
CONDITIONS CONTRIBUTING TO INSTABILITY
路 Presence of incompatible materials.
路 Product is considered stable.
路 Hazardous polymerisation will not occur.
Section 11 - TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
POTENTIAL HEALTH EFFECTS
ACUTE HEALTH EFFECTS
SWALLOWED
The material is moderately discomforting to the gastro-intestinal tract and may be
harmful if swallowed.
EYE
The dust may produce eye discomfort causing smarting, pain and redness.
SKIN
The solid/dust is. moderately discomforting and is capable of causing skin sensitisation.
Sensitisation may result in allergic dermatitis responses including rash, itching, hives
or swelling of extremities.
Sensitisation reactions may appear suddenly after repeated
symptom free exposures.
Contact allergies quickly manifest themselves as contact eczema, more rarely as urticaria
or Quincke's oedema. The pathogenesis of contact eczema involves a cell-mediated (T
HEXAMINE
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
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Section 11 - TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
lymphocytes) immune reaction of the delayed type. Other allergic skin reactions, e.g.
contact urticaria, involve antibody-mediated immune reactions. The significance of the
contact allergen is not simply determined by its sensitisation potential: the
distribution of the substance and the opportunities for contact with it are equally
important. A weakly sensitising substance which is widely distributed can be a more
important allergen than one with stronger sensitising potential with which few
individuals come into contact. From a clinical point of view, substances are noteworthy
if they produce an allergic test reaction in more than 1% of the persons tested.
INHALED
The dust may be discomforting to the upper respiratory tract.
Persons with impaired respiratory function, airway diseases and conditions such as
emphysema or chronic bronchitis, may incur further disability if excessive concentrations
of particulate are inhaled.
Respiratory sensitisation may result in allergic/asthma like responses; from coughing and
minor breathing difficulties to bronchitis with wheezing, gasping.
CHRONIC HEALTH EFFECTS
Principal routes of exposure are by accidental skin and eye contact and inhalation of
generated dusts.
TOXICITY AND IRRITATION
unless otherwise specified data extracted from RTECS - Register of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances.
TOXICITY IRRITATION
Intravenous (rat) LD50: 9200 mg/kg Nil Reported
Subcutaneous (mouse) LD50: 215 mg/kg
Inhalation (rat) TCLo: 350 mg/m鲁/2h/3W- I
FORMALDEHYDE:
unless otherwise specified data extracted from RTECS - Register of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances.
TOXICITY IRRITATION
Oral (woman) LDLo: 108 mg/kg Skin (human): 0.15 mg/3d- I Mild
Oral (man) TDLo: 643 mg/kg Skin (rabbit): 2 mg/24H SEVERE
Oral (rat) LD50: 100 mg/kg Eye (human): 4 ppm/5m
Inhalation (man) TCLo: 0.3 mg/m鲁 Eye (rabbit): 0.75 mg/24H SEVERE
Inhalation (rat) LC50: 203 mg/m鲁
Dermal (rabbit) LD50: 270 mg/kg
WARNING: This substance has been classified by the IARC as Group 1: CARCINOGENIC TO
HUMANS.
Tenth Annual Report on Carcinogens: Substance anticipated to be Carcinogen
[National Toxicology Program: U.S. Dep. of Health & Human Services 2002].
AMMONIA:
unless otherwise specified data extracted from RTECS - Register of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances.
TOXICITY IRRITATION
Oral (rat) LD50: 350 mg/kg Eye (rabbit): 0.25 mg SEVERE
Oral (human) LDLo: 43 mg/kg Eye (rabbit): 1 mg/30s SEVERE
Inhalation (human) LCLo: 5000 ppm/5m
Inhalation (human) TCLo: 20 ppm
Inhalation (rat) LC50: 2000 ppm/4h
Unreported (man) LDLo: 132 mg/kg
Oral (Human) LD: 43 mg/kg
Inhalation (Human) LC: 5000 ppm/4h
Inhalation (Human) TCLo: 408 ppm/4h
Subcutaneous (Mouse) LD: 160 mg/kg
Intravenous (Mouse) LD50: 91 mg/kg
Oral (Cat) LD: 750 mg/kg
Subcutaneous (Rabbit) LD: 200 mg/kg
Intravenous (Rabbit) LD: 10 mg/kg
The material may produce severe irritation to the eye causing pronounced inflammation.
Repeated or prolonged exposure to irritants may produce conjunctivitis.
HEXAMINE
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 29-Aug-2006 CHEMWATCH 1328
NC317TCP Version No:1
CD 2007/3 Page 13 of 16
Section 11 - TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
Asthma-like symptoms may continue for months or even years after exposure to the material
ceases. This may be due to a non-allergenic condition known as reactive airways
dysfunction syndrome (RADS) which can occur following exposure to high levels of highly
irritating compound. Key criteria for the diagnosis of RADS include the absence of
preceding respiratory disease, in a non-atopic individual, with abrupt onset of
persistent asthma-like symptoms within minutes to hours of a documented exposure to the
irritant. A reversible airflow pattern, on spirometry, with the presence of moderate to
severe bronchial hyperreactivity on methacholine challenge testing and the lack of
minimal lymphocytic inflammation, without eosinophilia, have also been included in the
criteria for diagnosis of RADS. RADS (or asthma) following an irritating inhalation is an
infrequent disorder with rates related to the concentration of and duration of exposure
to the irritating substance. Industrial bronchitis, on the other hand, is a disorder that
occurs as result of exposure due to high concentrations of irritating substance (often
particulate in nature) and is completely reversible after exposure ceases. The disorder
is characterised by dyspnea, cough and mucus production.
MATERIAL CARCINOGEN REPROTOXIN SENSITISER SKIN
_______________ ____________ __________ __________ __________
formaldehyde IARC:1 NOHSC NTPB AUOEL
CARCINOGEN
IARC: International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Carcinogens: formaldehyde
Category: 1
CARCINOGEN
NOHSC: Australia Exposure Standards - Carcinogens: formaldehyde
Carcinogen Category: 2
CARCINOGEN
NTPB: US National Toxicology Program (NTP) 11th Report Part B. Reasonably Anticipated
to be a Human Carcinogen: formaldehyde Category:
SENSITISER
AUOEL: Australia Exposure Standards - Sensitisers: formaldehyde
Section 12 - ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
log Pow (Verschueren 1983): 0.91025641
BOD5: 1.31
log Kow: -2.13- -2.34
BOD 5 if unstated: 0.015-0.026
Refer to data for ingredients, which follows:
FORMALDEHYDE:
Hazardous Air Pollutant: Yes
Fish LC50 (96hr.) (mg/l): 96- 7200
Daphnia magna EC50 (48hr.) (mg/l): 2
Algae IC50 (72hr.) (mg/l): 0.39- 14
log Kow (Prager 1995): 0.35
log Kow (Sangster 1997): 0.35
log Pow (Verschueren 1983): 0
BOD5: 60%
BOD20: 1.228
COD: 100%
ThOD: 1.068
Half- life Soil - High (hours): 168
Half- life Soil - Low (hours): 24
Half- life Air - High (hours): 6
Half- life Air - Low (hours): 1.25
Half- life Surface water - High (hours): 168
Half- life Surface water - Low (hours): 24
Half- life Ground water - High (hours): 336
HEXAMINE
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 29-Aug-2006 CHEMWATCH 1328
NC317TCP Version No:1
CD 2007/3 Page 14 of 16
Section 12 - ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
Half- life Ground water - Low (hours): 48
Aqueous biodegradation - Aerobic - High (hours): 168
Aqueous biodegradation - Aerobic - Low (hours): 24
Aqueous biodegradation - Anaerobic - High (hours): 672
Aqueous biodegradation - Anaerobic - Low (hours): 96
Aqueous biodegradation - Removal secondary treatment - High (hours): 99%
Aqueous biodegradation - Removal secondary treatment - Low (hours): 57%
Aqueous photolysis half- life - High (hours): 6
Aqueous photolysis half- life - Low (hours): 1.25
Photooxidation half- life water - High (hours): 1.90E+05
Photooxidation half- life water - Low (hours): 4813
Photooxidation half- life air - High (hours): 71.3
Photooxidation half- life air - Low (hours): 7.13
The material is classified as an ecotoxin* because the Fish LC50 (96 hours) is less than
or equal to 0.1 mg/l
* Classification of Substances as Ecotoxic (Dangerous to the Environment)
Appendix 8, Table 1
Compiler's Guide for the Preparation of International Chemical Safety Cards: 1993
Commission of the European Communities.
log Kow: 0-0.35
Half-life (hr) air: 19-50
Henry's atm m鲁 /mol: 3.27E-07
BOD 5 if unstated: 0-1.1,60%
COD: 1.06,100%
ThOD: 1.068
Formaldehyde is ubiquitous in the environment as a contaminant of smoke and as
photochemical smog.
In the atmosphere, formaldehyde both photolyses and reacts with reactive free radicals
(primarily hydroxyl radicals); half-lives in the sunlit tropospheres are 1.25 to 6 hours
for photolysis, and 7.13-71.3 hours for reaction with hydroxyl radicals).
Reaction with nitrate radicals, insignificant during the day, may be an important removal
process at night. Due to its solubility, formaldehyde will efficiently transfer to rain
and surface water; one model predicts dry deposition and wet removal half-lives of 19 and
50 hours, respectively.
In water, formaldehyde will biodegrade to low concentrations within days; adsorption to
sediment and volatilisation are not expected to be significant routes.
In soil, aqueous solutions of formaldehyde leach through the soil; at high concentrations
adsorption to clay minerals may occur. Although biodegradable under both aerobic and
anaerobic conditions the fate of formaldehyde in soil is unclear.
It does not bioconcentrate in the food chain.
Drinking Water Standards:
hydrocarbon total: 10 ug/l (UK max.)
pesticide: 0.1 ug/l (UK max.)
formaldehyde: 900 ug/l (WHO guideline)
Air Quality Standards:
<0.1 mg/m3 as a 30 min. average, indoor air, non-industrial buildings
(WHO guideline).
AMMONIA:
Fish LC50 (96hr.) (mg/l): 0.45- 0.8
In air ammonia is persistent whilst, in water, it biodegrades rapidly to nitrate,
producing a high oxygen demand. Ammonia is strongly adsorbed to soil. Ammonia is non
-persistent in water (half-life 2 days) and is moderately toxic to fish under normal
HEXAMINE
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 29-Aug-2006 CHEMWATCH 1328
NC317TCP Version No:1
CD 2007/3 Page 15 of 16
Section 12 - ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
temperature and pH conditions. Ammonia is harmful to aquatic life at low concentrations
but does not concentrate in the food chain.
Drinking Water Standards:
0.5 mg/l (UK max.)
1.5 mg/l (WHO Levels)
Soil Guidelines: none available.
Air Quality Standards: none available.
Prevent, by any means available, spillage from entering drains or water
courses.
Do NOT allow product to come in contact with surface waters or to intertidal areas below
the mean high water mark. Do not contaminate water when cleaning equipment or disposing
of equipment wash-waters.
Wastes resulting from use of the product must be disposed of on site or at approved waste
sites.
DO NOT discharge into sewer or waterways.
Toxicity Fish: LC50(96)0.25-8.2mg/l
Toxicity invertebrate: LC50(96)1.1-1.53mg/l
Bioaccumulation: some
Nitrif. inhib.: some
processes Abiotic: oxid
Section 13 - DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS
路 Recycle wherever possible or consult manufacturer for recycling options.
路 Consult State Land Waste Authority for disposal.
路 Bury or incinerate residue at an approved site.
路 Recycle containers if possible, or dispose of in an authorised landfill.
Section 14 - TRANSPORTATION INFORMATION
Labels Required: FLAMMABLE SOLID
HAZCHEM: 1[Z]
UNDG:
Dangerous Goods Class: 4.1 Subrisk: None
UN Number: 1328 Packing Group: III
Shipping Name:HEXAMETHYLENE-TETRAMINE
Air Transport IATA:
ICAO/IATA Class: 4.1 ICAO/IATA Subrisk: None
UN/ID Number: 1328 Packing Group: III
Special provisions: None
Shipping Name: HEXAMETHYLENETETRAMINE
Maritime Transport IMDG:
IMDG Class: 4.1 IMDG Subrisk: None
UN Number: 1328 Packing Group: III
EMS Number: F- A, S- G Special provisions: None
Shipping Name: HEXAMETHYLENETETRAMINE
HEXAMINE
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 29-Aug-2006 CHEMWATCH 1328
NC317TCP Version No:1
CD 2007/3 Page 16 of 16
Section 15 - REGULATORY INFORMATION
POISONS SCHEDULE: None
REGULATIONS
hexamine (CAS: 100-97-0) is found on the following regulatory lists;
Australia Inventory of Chemical Substances (AICS)
OECD Representative List of High Production Volume (HPV) Chemicals
Section 16 - OTHER INFORMATION
INGREDIENTS WITH MULTIPLE CAS NUMBERS
Ingredient Name CAS
formaldehyde 50- 00- 0, 8005- 38- 7, 8006- 07- 3, 8013- 13-
6, 112068- 71- 0
Classification of the preparation and its individual components has drawn on official and
authoritative sources as well as independent review by the Chemwatch Classification
committee using available literature references.
This document is copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of private study, research, review or
criticism, as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part may be reproduced by any process without written permission
from CHEMWATCH. TEL (+61 3) 9572 4700.
Issue Date: 29-Aug-2006
Print Date: 20-Dec-2007
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