MALIC ACID

Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)

Issue Date: 30-Jan-2006                                                                  CHEMWATCH 23033

A317TC                                                                                 CD 2006/2 Page 1 of 11







           Section 1 - CHEMICAL PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION





PRODUCT NAME

        MALIC ACID



SYNONYMS

       C4-H6-O5, COOHCH2CH(OH)COOH, "malic acid FG Food Grade", "Food Additive 296",

       "hydroxysuccinic acid", "alpha-hydroxysuccinic acid", "pomalus acid",

       "hydroxybutanedioic acid"



PRODUCT USE

        Manufacture of various esters and salts, wine manufacture, chelating agent, food

        acidulant, flavouring. Component of effervescent fruit salines.









SUPPLIER

Quantum Chemicals Pty Ltd

70 Quantum Close

Quantum Industrial Park

Dandenong South VIC 3175

Australia

Telephone: 1300 782 688

Emergency Tel: 1300 131 001

Fax: 1300 782 699





HAZARD RATINGS



      Flammability

          Toxicity

     Body Contact

         Reactivity

          Chronic



           SCALE:     Min/Nil=0       Low=1      Moderate=2       High=3      Extreme=4





           Section 2 - HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION





STATEMENT OF HAZARDOUS NATURE

        HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE. NON-DANGEROUS GOODS. According to the

        Criteria of NOHSC, and the ADG Code.

                                                  MALIC ACID

Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)

Issue Date: 30-Jan-2006                                                                        CHEMWATCH 23033

A317TC                                                                                       CD 2006/2 Page 2 of 11

                                                                              Section 2 - HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION









POISONS SCHEDULE

         None



RISK

             Harmful if swallowed.

             Irritating to eyes.

             Cumulative effects may result following exposure*.

             May produce discomfort of the respiratory system and skin*.

             * (limited evidence).



SAFETY

             Do not breathe dust.

             Wear eye/face protection.

             Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.

             In case of contact with eyes, rinse with plenty of water and contact Doctor or

               Poisons Information Centre.





             Section 3 - COMPOSITION / INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS



NAME                                                                                          CAS RN      %

malic acid                                                                                    6915-15-7   > 99





             Section 4 - FIRST AID MEASURES





SWALLOWED

       � IF SWALLOWED, REFER FOR MEDICAL ATTENTION, WHERE POSSIBLE, WITHOUT DELAY.

       � For advice, contact a Poisons Information Centre or a doctor.

       � Urgent hospital treatment is likely to be needed.

       � In the mean time, qualified first-aid personnel should treat the patient

       following observation and employing supportive measures as indicated by the

       patient's condition.

       � If the services of a medical officer or medical doctor are readily available,

       the patient should be placed in his/her care and a copy of the MSDS should be

       provided. Further action will be the responsibility of the medical specialist.

       � If medical attention is not available on the worksite or surroundings send the

       patient to a hospital together with a copy of the MSDS.

       � Where Medical attention is not immediately available or where the patient is

       more than 15 minutes from a hospital or unless instructed otherwise:

       � INDUCE vomiting with fingers down the back of the throat, ONLY IF CONSCIOUS.

       Lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to

       maintain open airway and prevent aspiration.

       NOTE: Wear a protective glove when inducing vomiting by mechanical means.



EYE

             If this product comes in contact with the eyes:

             � Wash out immediately with fresh running water.

             � Ensure complete irrigation of the eye by keeping eyelids apart and away from

             eye and moving the eyelids by occasionally lifting the upper and lower lids.

             � If pain persists or recurs seek medical attention.

                                                  MALIC ACID

Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)

Issue Date: 30-Jan-2006                                                                             CHEMWATCH 23033

A317TC                                                                                           CD 2006/2 Page 3 of 11

                                                                                      Section 4 - FIRST AID MEASURES



            � Removal of contact lenses after an eye injury should only be undertaken by

            skilled personnel.



SKIN

            If skin contact occurs:

            � Immediately remove all contaminated clothing, including footwear

            � Flush skin and hair with running water (and soap if available).

            � Seek medical attention in event of irritation.



INHALED

            � If fumes or combustion products are inhaled remove from contaminated area.

            � Lay patient down. Keep warm and rested.

            � Prostheses such as false teeth, which may block airway, should be removed,

            where possible, prior to initiating first aid procedures.

            � Apply artificial respiration if not breathing, preferably with a demand valve

            resuscitator, bag-valve mask device, or pocket mask as trained. Perform CPR if

            necessary.

            � Transport to hospital, or doctor, without delay.



NOTES TO PHYSICIAN

         Treat symptomatically.





            Section 5 - FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES





EXTINGUISHING MEDIA

� Water spray or fog.

� Foam.

� Dry chemical powder.

� BCF (where regulations permit).

� Carbon dioxide.



FIRE FIGHTING

� Alert Fire Brigade and tell them location and nature of hazard.

� Wear breathing apparatus plus protective gloves.

� Prevent, by any means available, spillage from entering drains or water

courses.

� Use water delivered as a fine spray to control fire and cool adjacent area.

� DO NOT approach containers suspected to be hot.

� Cool fire exposed containers with water spray from a protected location.

� If safe to do so, remove containers from path of fire.

� Equipment should be thoroughly decontaminated after use.



FIRE/EXPLOSION HAZARD

� Combustible solid which burns but propagates flame with difficulty.

� Avoid generating dust, particularly clouds of dust in a confined or

unventilated space as dusts may form an explosive mixture with air, and any

source of ignition, i.e. flame or spark, will cause fire or explosion. Dust

clouds generated by the fine grinding of the solid are a particular hazard;

accumulations of fine dust may burn rapidly and fiercely if ignited.

� Dry dust can be charged electrostatically by turbulence, pneumatic transport,

pouring, in exhaust ducts and during transport.

� Build-up of electrostatic charge may be prevented by bonding and grounding.

� Powder handling equipment such as dust collectors, dryers and mills may

require additional protection measures such as explosion venting.

� All movable parts coming in contact with this material should have a speed of

less than 1-meter/sec.

Combustion products include, carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), other

pyrolysis products typical of burning organic material.

NOTE: Burns with intense heat. Produces melting, flowing, burning liquid and

                                                 MALIC ACID

Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)

Issue Date: 30-Jan-2006                                                                        CHEMWATCH 23033

A317TC                                                                                      CD 2006/2 Page 4 of 11

                                                                            Section 5 - FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES



dense acrid black smoke.

May emit poisonous fumes.

May emit corrosive fumes.



FIRE INCOMPATIBILITY

Avoid contamination with oxidising agents i.e. nitrates, oxidising acids,

chlorine bleaches, pool chlorine etc. as ignition may result.



HAZCHEM

            None



Personal Protective Equipment

          Gloves, boots (chemical resistant).





            Section 6 - ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES





EMERGENCY PROCEDURES



      MINOR SPILLS

          � Remove all ignition sources.

          � Clean up all spills immediately.

          � Avoid contact with skin and eyes.

          � Control personal contact by using protective equipment.

          � Use dry clean up procedures and avoid generating dust.

          � Place in a suitable labelled container for waste disposal.



      MAJOR SPILLS

          Moderate hazard.

          � CAUTION: Advise personnel in area.

          � Alert Emergency Services and tell them location and nature of hazard.

          � Control personal contact by wearing protective clothing.

          � Prevent, by any means available, spillage from entering drains or water

          courses.

          � Recover product wherever possible.

          � IF DRY: Use dry clean up procedures and avoid generating dust. Collect

          residues and place in sealed plastic bags or other containers for disposal. IF

          WET: Vacuum/shovel up and place in labelled containers for disposal.

          � ALWAYS: Wash area down with large amounts of water and prevent runoff into

          drains.

          � If contamination of drains or waterways occurs, advise Emergency Services.



SAFE STORAGE WITH OTHER CLASSIFIED CHEMICALS

___________________________________________







  +     X      +       X      0       +

___________________________________________

+: May be stored together

O: May be stored together with specific preventions

X: Must not be stored together





            Personal Protective Equipment advice is contained in Section 8 of the MSDS.

                                                   MALIC ACID

Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)

Issue Date: 30-Jan-2006                                                                    CHEMWATCH 23033

A317TC                                                                                   CD 2006/2 Page 5 of 11





            Section 7 - HANDLING AND STORAGE





PROCEDURE FOR HANDLING

       � Avoid all personal contact, including inhalation.

       � Wear protective clothing when risk of exposure occurs.

       � Use in a well-ventilated area.

       � Prevent concentration in hollows and sumps.

       � DO NOT enter confined spaces until atmosphere has been checked.

       � DO NOT allow material to contact humans, exposed food or food utensils.

       � Avoid contact with incompatible materials.

       � When handling, DO NOT eat, drink or smoke.

       � Keep containers securely sealed when not in use.

       � Avoid physical damage to containers.

       � Always wash hands with soap and water after handling.

       � Work clothes should be laundered separately. Launder contaminated clothing

       before re-use.

       � Use good occupational work practice.

       � Observe manufacturer's storing and handling recommendations.

       � Atmosphere should be regularly checked against established exposure standards

       to ensure safe working conditions are maintained.



SUITABLE CONTAINER

         Glass container.

         � Polyethylene or polypropylene container.

         � Check all containers are clearly labelled and free from leaks.



STORAGE INCOMPATIBILITY

        Avoid reaction with oxidising agents.



STORAGE REQUIREMENTS

        Observe manufacturer's storing and handling recommendations.





            Section 8 - EXPOSURE CONTROLS / PERSONAL PROTECTION





EXPOSURE CONTROLS

Source                             Material             TWA        TWA      STEL      STEL    Peak    Peak

                                                        ppm        mg/m³    ppm       m5/m³   ppm     mg/m³

_________________________          ________________     _____      _____    _____     _____   _____   _____

Australia Exposure                 malic acid                      10

Standards



The following materials had no OELs on our record under the following CAS or Chemwatch (CW) numbers

malic acid: No data available for CAS:6915-15-7 CAS:617-48-1 CAS:636-61-3 CAS:97-67-6





Not available. Refer to individual constituents.



      EXPOSURE STANDARDS FOR MIXTURE

     "Worst Case" computer-aided prediction of spray/ mist or fume/ dust components

     and concentration:



     Composite Exposure Standard for Mixture (TWA) :10 mg/m³.

     Operations which produce a spray/mist or fume/dust, introduce particulates to

     the breathing zone.

     If the breathing zone concentration of ANY of the components listed below is

     exceeded, "Worst Case" considerations deem the individual to be overexposed.

     Component Breathing Zone ppm Breathing Zone mg/m³ Mixture Conc (%).

                                               MALIC ACID

Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)

Issue Date: 30-Jan-2006                                                        CHEMWATCH 23033

A317TC                                                                       CD 2006/2 Page 6 of 11

                                            Section 8 - EXPOSURE CONTROLS / PERSONAL PROTECTION



    Component      Breathing Zone        Mixture Conc

                   (mg/m³)               (%)

    malic acid     10.0000               100.0



PERSONAL PROTECTION









     EYE

           � Safety glasses with side shields.

           � Chemical goggles.

           � Contact lenses may pose a special hazard; soft contact lenses may absorb and

           concentrate irritants. A written policy document, describing the wearing of lens

           or restrictions on use, should be created for each workplace or task. This

           should include a review of lens absorption and adsorption for the class of

           chemicals in use and an account of injury experience. Medical and first-aid

           personnel should be trained in their removal and suitable equipment should be

           readily available. In the event of chemical exposure, begin eye irrigation

           immediately and remove contact lens as soon as practicable. Lens should be

           removed at the first signs of eye redness or irritation - lens should be removed

           in a clean environment only after workers have washed hands thoroughly. [CDC

           NIOSH Current Intelligence Bulletin 59].



     HANDS/FEET

         Experience indicates that the following polymers are suitable as glove materials

         for protection against undissolved, dry solids.

         � polychloroprene

         � nitrile rubber

         � butyl rubber

         � fluorocaoutchouc

         � polyvinyl chloride

         Gloves should be examined for wear and/ or degradation constantly.

         Wear chemical protective gloves, eg. PVC.

         Wear safety footwear or safety gumboots, eg. Rubber.



     OTHER

         � Overalls.

         � P.V.C. apron.

         � Barrier cream.

         � Skin cleansing cream.

         � Eye wash unit.



     RESPIRATOR

         Protection Factor           Half-Face            Full-Face        Powered Air

                                     Respirator           Respirator       Respirator

           10 x ES                   P1 Air-line*         --               PAPR-P1 -

           50 x ES                   Air-line**           P2               PAPR-P2

           100 x ES                  -                    P3               -

                                                          Air-line*        -

           100+ x ES                 -                    Air-line**       PAPR-P3



           * - Negative pressure demand ** - Continuous flow.



           The local concentration of material, quantity and

           conditions of use determine the type of personal

                                                MALIC ACID

Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)

Issue Date: 30-Jan-2006                                                        CHEMWATCH 23033

A317TC                                                                       CD 2006/2 Page 7 of 11

                                            Section 8 - EXPOSURE CONTROLS / PERSONAL PROTECTION



           protective equipment required.

           For further information consult site specific

           CHEMWATCH data (if available), or your

           Occupational Health and Safety Advisor.



ENGINEERING CONTROLS

        � Local exhaust ventilation is required where solids are handled as powders or

        crystals; even when particulates are relatively large, a certain proportion will

        be powdered by mutual friction.

        � Exhaust ventilation should be designed to prevent accumulation and

        recirculation of particulates in the workplace.

        � If in spite of local exhaust an adverse concentration of the substance in air

        could occur, respiratory protection should be considered. Such protection might

        consist of:

        (a): particle dust respirators, if necessary, combined with an absorption

        cartridge;

        (b): filter respirators with absorption cartridge or canister of the right type;

        (c): fresh-air hoods or masks

        � Build-up of electrostatic charge on the dust particle, may be prevented by

        bonding and grounding.

        � Powder handling equipment such as dust collectors, dryers and mills may

        require additional protection measures such as explosion venting.



           Air contaminants generated in the workplace possess varying "escape" velocities

           which, in turn, determine the "capture velocities" of fresh circulating air

           required to efficiently remove the contaminant.



           Type of Contaminant:                                 Air Speed:

           direct "spray " spray painting in                    1-2.5 m/s (200-500 f/min.)

           shallow "booths " drum "filling "

           conveyer "loading " crusher "dusts "

           gas discharge (active generation into

           zone of rapid air motion)

           grinding " abrasive "blasting "                      2.5-10 m/s (500-2000 f/min.)

           "tumbling " high speed wheel generated

           dusts (released at high initial

           velocity into zone of very high rapid

           air motion).



           Within each range the appropriate value depends on:



           Lower end of the range                             Upper end of the range

           1: Room air currents minimal or                    1: Disturbing room air currents

           favourable to capture

           2: Contaminants of low toxicity or of              2: Contaminants of high toxicity

           nuisance value only

           3: Intermittent, low production.                   3: High production, heavy use

           4: Large hood or large air mass in                 4: Small hood-local control only

           motion



           Simple theory shows that air velocity falls rapidly with distance away from the

           opening of a simple extraction pipe. Velocity generally decreases with the

           square of distance from the extraction point (in simple cases). Therefore the

           air speed at the extraction point should be adjusted, accordingly, after

           reference to distance from the contaminating source. The air velocity at the

           extraction fan, for example, should be a minimum of 4-10 m/s (800-2000 f/min)

           for extraction of crusher dusts generated 2 metres distant from the extraction

           point. Other mechanical considerations, producing performance deficits within

           the extraction apparatus, make it essential that theoretical air velocities are

           multiplied by factors of 10 or more when extraction systems are installed or

           used.

                                                  MALIC ACID

Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)

Issue Date: 30-Jan-2006                                                                          CHEMWATCH 23033

A317TC                                                                                         CD 2006/2 Page 8 of 11





            Section 9 - PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES





APPEARANCE

        Odourless, colourless or white crystals or powder with sour acid taste.

        Natural occurs in small amounts in apples, pears and other fruits.

        Very soluble in water (56%) and alcohol; slightly soluble in ether.

        The natural material is levorotatory but the synthetic material is inactive.

        Available as Technical and Food grades. Food Additive 629



PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Solid.

Mixes with water.



Molecular Weight: 134.10                                        Boiling Range (°C): dl 150 decompose

Melting Range (°C): dl 128-132                                  Specific Gravity (water=1): 1.60

Solubility in water (g/L): Miscible                             pH (as supplied): Not applicable

pH (1% solution): 2.2                                           Vapour Pressure (kPa): Negligible.

Volatile Component (%vol): Nil @ 38 C.                          Evaporation Rate: Non Volatile

Relative Vapour Density (air=1): Not applicable                 Flash Point (°C): 203 (dl form)

Lower Explosive Limit (%): Not available.                       Upper Explosive Limit (%): Not available.

Autoignition Temp (°C): Not available.                          Decomposition Temp (°C): 150

State: Divided solid                                            Viscosity: Not Applicable





            Section 10 - CHEMICAL STABILITY AND REACTIVITY INFORMATION





CONDITIONS CONTRIBUTING TO INSTABILITY

         � Presence of incompatible materials.

         � Product is considered stable.

         � Hazardous polymerisation will not occur.





            Section 11 - TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION





POTENTIAL HEALTH EFFECTS



ACUTE HEALTH EFFECTS



     SWALLOWED

         Accidental ingestion of the material may be harmful; animal experiments indicate

         that ingestion of less than 150 gram may be fatal or may produce serious damage

         to the health of the individual.

         Ingestion of low-molecular organic acid solutions may produce spontaneous

         haemorrhaging, production of blood clots, gastrointestinal damage and narrowing

         of the oesophagus and stomach entry.



     EYE

            There is evidence that material may produce eye irritation in some persons and

            produce eye damage 24 hours or more after instillation. Severe inflammation may

            be expected with pain. There may be damage to the cornea. Unless treatment is

            prompt and adequate there may be permanent loss of vision. Conjunctivitis can

            occur following repeated exposure.

            Solutions of low-molecular weight organic acids cause pain and injury

            to the eyes.



     SKIN

            The material may cause moderate inflammation of the skin either following direct

            contact or after a delay of some time. Repeated exposure can cause contact

                                            MALIC ACID

Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)

Issue Date: 30-Jan-2006                                                                 CHEMWATCH 23033

A317TC                                                                                CD 2006/2 Page 9 of 11

                                                                  Section 11 - TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION



          dermatitis which is characterised by redness, swelling and blistering.

          Skin contact is not thought to produce harmful health effects (as classified

          under EC Directives using animal models). Systemic harm, however, has been

          identified following exposure of animals by at least one other route and the

          material may still produce health damage following entry through wounds, lesions

          or abrasions. Good hygiene practice requires that exposure be kept to a minimum

          and that suitable gloves be used in an occupational setting.

          Entry into the blood-stream, through, for example, cuts, abrasions or lesions,

          may produce systemic injury with harmful effects. Examine the skin prior to the

          use of the material and ensure that any external damage is suitably protected.

          The material may cause skin irritation after prolonged or repeated exposure and

          may produce on contact skin redness, swelling, the production of vesicles,

          scaling and thickening of the skin.



     INHALED

         The material can cause respiratory irritation in some persons. The body's

         response to such irritation can cause further lung damage.

         Persons with impaired respiratory function, airway diseases and conditions such

         as emphysema or chronic bronchitis, may incur further disability if excessive

         concentrations of particulate are inhaled.

         The material is not thought to produce adverse health effects following

         inhalation (as classified by EC Directives using animal models). Nevertheless,

         adverse systemic effects have been produced following exposure of animals by at

         least one other route and good hygiene practice requires that exposure be kept

         to a minimum and that suitable control measures be used in an occupational

         setting.



     CHRONIC HEALTH EFFECTS

         Long term exposure to high dust concentrations may cause changes in lung

         function i.e. pneumoconiosis; caused by particles less than 0.5 micron

         penetrating and remaining in the lung. Prime symptom is breathlessness; lung

         shadows show on X-ray. Substance accumulation, in the human body, may occur and

         may cause some concern following repeated or long-term occupational exposure.

         Asthma-like symptoms may continue for months or even years after exposure to the

         material ceases. This may be due to a non-allergenic condition known as reactive

         airways dysfunction syndrome (RADS) which can occur following exposure to high

         levels of highly irritating compound. Key criteria for the diagnosis of RADS

         include the absence of preceding respiratory disease, in a non-atopic

         individual, with abrupt onset of persistent asthma-like symptoms within minutes

         to hours of a documented exposure to the irritant. A reversible airflow pattern,

         on spirometry, with the presence of moderate to severe bronchial hyperreactivity

         on methacholine challenge testing and the lack of minimal lymphocytic

         inflammation, without eosinophilia, have also been included in the criteria for

         diagnosis of RADS. RADS (or asthma) following an irritating inhalation is an

         infrequent disorder with rates related to the concentration of and duration of

         exposure to the irritating substance. Industrial bronchitis, on the other hand,

         is a disorder that occurs as result of exposure due to high concentrations of

         irritating substance (often particulate in nature) and is completely reversible

         after exposure ceases. The disorder is characterised by dyspnea, cough and

         mucous production.



TOXICITY AND IRRITATION

TOXICITY                                                       IRRITATION

Oral (rat) LD50: 1600 mg/kg *                                  Skin (rabbit): 20 mg/24h Moderate

Eye (rabbit): 0.75 mg/24h SEVERE

* [DOSE Vol 5]

                                              MALIC ACID

Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)

Issue Date: 30-Jan-2006                                                                        CHEMWATCH 23033

A317TC                                                                                      CD 2006/2 Page 10 of 11





          Section 12 - ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION



          "Fish LC50 (96hr.) (mg/l):" 230



          DO NOT discharge into sewer or waterways.

          log Kow: -1.26

          BOD 5 if unstated: 0.34-0.57

          COD: 0.68-0.7

          ThOD: 0.718

          Toxicity Fish:       LC50(96)100-1600mg/L

          Toxicity invertebrate:         LC50(96)107mg/L

          Bioacculmulation: not sig

          Degradation Biological: sig,rapid

          processes Abiotic: RxnOH*,photol,ltl hydrol,





          Section 13 - DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS



          � Recycle wherever possible.

          � Consult manufacturer for recycling options or consult local or regional waste

          management authority for disposal if no suitable treatment or disposal facility

          can be identified.

          � Dispose of by: Burial in a licenced land-fill or Incineration in a licenced

          apparatus (after admixture with suitable combustible material)

          � Decontaminate empty containers. Observe all label safeguards until containers

          are cleaned and destroyed.

          If container can not be cleaned sufficiently well to ensure none of the original

          product remains or if the container cannot be used to store the same product,

          then puncture containers, to prevent re-use, and bury at an authorised landfill.





          Section 14 - TRANSPORTATION INFORMATION





HAZCHEM

          None





          NOT REGULATED FOR TRANSPORT OF DANGEROUS GOODS:UN,IATA,IMDG





          Section 15 - REGULATORY INFORMATION





POISONS SCHEDULE

         None



REGULATIONS



          malic acid (CAS: 6915-15-7) is found on the following regulatory lists;

          Australia Inventory of Chemical Substances (AICS)

          International Council of Chemical Associations (ICCA) - High Production Volume

          List

          OECD Representative List of High Production Volume (HPV) Chemicals





          malic acid (CAS: 617-48-1) is found on the following regulatory lists;

          Australia Inventory of Chemical Substances (AICS)



          No data available for malic acid as CAS: 636-61-3, CAS: 97-67-6.

                                             MALIC ACID

Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)

Issue Date: 30-Jan-2006                                                                       CHEMWATCH 23033

A317TC                                                                                     CD 2006/2 Page 11 of 11





          Section 16 - OTHER INFORMATION







Ingredients with multiple CAS Numbers



          Ingredient Name            CAS

          malic acid                 6915-15-7, 617-48-1, 636-61-3, 97-67-6





          This document is copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of

          private study, research, review or criticism, as permitted under the Copyright

          Act, no part may be reproduced by any process without written permission from

          CHEMWATCH. TEL (+61 3) 9572 4700.



          Issue Date: 30-Jan-2006

          Print Date: 28-Jun-2006