HYDROCHLORIC ACID
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 16-Aug-2006 CHEMWATCH 1789
NC317TCP Version No:3
CD 2007/3 Page 1 of 17
Section 1 - CHEMICAL PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION
PRODUCT NAME
HYDROCHLORIC ACID
SYNONYMS
HCl, "hydrochloric acid 28-37%", "hydrochloric acid 28-37%", "Convol analytical reagent",
"spirits of salts", "spirits of salt", "chlorohydric acid gas", "muriatic acid",
"hydrogen chloride aqueous solution", hydrochloride, 6195P
PROPER SHIPPING NAME
HYDROCHLORIC ACID
PRODUCT USE
For pickling and heavy duty cleaning of metal parts; rust and scale removal. The
production of chlorides; neutralising bases; a laboratory reagent. For hydrolyzing starch
and proteins in preparations for food. As a catalyst and solvent in organic synthesis. As
" spirits of salts" for cleaning of lime and masonry from new brickwork. As flux or flux
component for soldering; manufacture of " killed spirits" .
SUPPLIER
Company: Quantum Chemicals Pty Ltd
Address:
70 Quantum Close
Dandenong South
Victoria 3175
Telephone: 03 8795 8000
Emergency Tel: 1300 131 001
Fax: 03 8795 8099
HAZARD RATINGS
Flammability
Toxicity
Body Contact
Reactivity
Chronic
SCALE: Min/Nil=0 Low=1 Moderate=2 High=3 Extreme=4
HYDROCHLORIC ACID
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 16-Aug-2006 CHEMWATCH 1789
NC317TCP Version No:3
CD 2007/3 Page 2 of 17
Section 2 - HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION
STATEMENT OF HAZARDOUS NATURE
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE. DANGEROUS GOODS. According to the Criteria of NOHSC,
and the ADG Code.
POISONS SCHEDULE
S6 (S3NZ)
RISK SAFETY
Harmful if swallowed. Keep locked up.
Toxic by inhalation. Do not breathe gas/ fumes/ vapour/ spray.
Causes burns. Avoid contact with eyes.
Risk of serious damage to eyes. Wear suitable protective clothing.
Skin contact may produce health damage*. In case of insufficient ventilation wear
suitable respiratory equipment.
Cumulative effects may result following Use only in well ventilated areas.
exposure*.
Limited evidence of a carcinogenic effect*. Keep container in a well ventilated place.
* (limited evidence). To clean the floor and all objects contaminated
by this material use water.
Keep container tightly closed.
This material and its container must be disposed
of in a safe way.
Keep away from food drink and animal feeding
stuffs.
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
In case of accident or if you feel unwell
IMMEDIATELY contact Doctor or Poisons
Information Centre (show label if possible).
This material and its container must be disposed
of as hazardous waste.
In case of accident by inhalation: remove
casualty to fresh air and keep at rest.
Section 3 - COMPOSITION / INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS
NAME CAS RN %
hydrogen chloride 7647-01-0 30-35
water 7732-18-5 65-70
Section 4 - FIRST AID MEASURES
SWALLOWED
路 For advice, contact a Poisons Information Centre or a doctor at once.
路 Urgent hospital treatment is likely to be needed.
路 If swallowed do NOT induce vomiting.
路 If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if
HYDROCHLORIC ACID
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 16-Aug-2006 CHEMWATCH 1789
NC317TCP Version No:3
CD 2007/3 Page 3 of 17
Section 4 - FIRST AID MEASURES
possible) to maintain open airway and prevent aspiration.
路 Observe the patient carefully.
路 Never give liquid to a person showing signs of being sleepy or with reduced awareness;
i.e. becoming unconscious.
路 Give water to rinse out mouth, then provide liquid slowly and as much as casualty can
comfortably drink.
路 Transport to hospital or doctor without delay.
EYE
If this product comes in contact with the eyes:
路 Immediately hold eyelids apart and flush the eye continuously with running water.
路 Ensure complete irrigation of the eye by keeping eyelids apart and away from eye and
moving the eyelids by occasionally lifting the upper and lower lids.
路 Continue flushing until advised to stop by the Poisons Information Centre or a doctor,
or for at least 15 minutes.
路 Transport to hospital or doctor without delay.
路 Removal of contact lenses after an eye injury should only be undertaken by skilled
personnel.
SKIN
If skin or hair contact occurs:
路 Immediately flush body and clothes with large amounts of water, using safety shower if
available.
路 Quickly remove all contaminated clothing, including footwear.
路 Wash skin and hair with running water. Continue flushing with water until advised to
stop by the Poisons Information Centre.
路 Transport to hospital, or doctor.
INHALED
路 If fumes or combustion products are inhaled remove from contaminated area.
路 Lay patient down. Keep warm and rested.
路 Prostheses such as false teeth, which may block airway, should be removed, where
possible, prior to initiating first aid procedures.
路 Apply artificial respiration if not breathing, preferably with a demand valve
resuscitator, bag-valve mask device, or pocket mask as trained. Perform CPR if necessary.
路 Transport to hospital, or doctor, without delay.
NOTES TO PHYSICIAN
Treat symptomatically.
For acute or short term repeated exposures to strong acids:
路 Airway problems may arise from laryngeal edema and inhalation exposure. Treat with 100%
oxygen initially.
路 Respiratory distress may require cricothyroidotomy if endotracheal intubation is
contraindicated by excessive swelling
路 Intravenous lines should be established immediately in all cases where there is
evidence of circulatory compromise.
路 Strong acids produce a coagulation necrosis characterised by formation of a coagulum
(eschar) as a result of the dessicating action of the acid on proteins in specific
tissues.
INGESTION:
路 Immediate dilution (milk or water) within 30 minutes post ingestion is recommended.
路 DO NOT attempt to neutralise the acid since exothermic reaction may extend the
corrosive injury.
路 Be careful to avoid further vomit since re-exposure of the mucosa to the acid is
harmful. Limit fluids to one or two glasses in an adult.
路 Charcoal has no place in acid management.
路 Some authors suggest the use of lavage within 1 hour of ingestion.
SKIN:
路 Skin lesions require copious saline irrigation. Treat chemical burns as thermal burns
with non-adherent gauze and wrapping.
HYDROCHLORIC ACID
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 16-Aug-2006 CHEMWATCH 1789
NC317TCP Version No:3
CD 2007/3 Page 4 of 17
Section 4 - FIRST AID MEASURES
路 Deep second-degree burns may benefit from topical silver sulfadiazine.
EYE:
路 Eye injuries require retraction of the eyelids to ensure thorough irrigation of the
conjuctival cul-de-sacs. Irrigation should last at least 20-30 minutes. DO NOT use
neutralising agents or any other additives. Several litres of saline are required.
路 Cycloplegic drops, (1% cyclopentolate for short-term use or 5% homatropine for longer
term use) antibiotic drops, vasoconstrictive agents or artificial tears may be indicated
dependent on the severity of the injury.
路 Steroid eye drops should only be administered with the approval of a consulting
ophthalmologist).
[Ellenhorn and Barceloux: Medical Toxicology].
If exposure has been severe and/or symptoms marked, observation in hospital for 48 hours
should be considered due to possibility of delayed pulmonary oedema.
Section 5 - FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES
EXTINGUISHING MEDIA
路 Water spray or fog.
路 Foam.
路 Dry chemical powder.
路 BCF (where regulations permit).
路 Carbon dioxide.
FIRE FIGHTING
路 Alert Fire Brigade and tell them location and nature of hazard.
路 Wear full body protective clothing with breathing apparatus.
路 Prevent, by any means available, spillage from entering drains or water course.
路 Use fire fighting procedures suitable for surrounding area.
路 Do not approach containers suspected to be hot.
路 Cool fire exposed containers with water spray from a protected location.
路 If safe to do so, remove containers from path of fire.
路 Equipment should be thoroughly decontaminated after use.
FIRE/EXPLOSION HAZARD
路 Non combustible.
路 Not considered to be a significant fire risk.
路 Acids may react with metals to produce hydrogen, a highly flammable and explosive gas.
路 Heating may cause expansion or decomposition leading to violent rupture of containers.
路 May emit corrosive, poisonous fumes. May emit acrid smoke.
Decomposition may produce toxic fumes of: hydrogen chloride.
FIRE INCOMPATIBILITY
None known.
HAZCHEM: 2R
Section 6 - ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES
EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
MINOR SPILLS
路 Clean up all spills immediately.
路 Avoid breathing vapours and contact with skin and eyes.
路 Control personal contact by using protective equipment.
路 Contain and absorb spill with sand, earth, inert material or vermiculite.
路 Wipe up.
路 Place in a suitable labelled container for waste disposal.
HYDROCHLORIC ACID
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 16-Aug-2006 CHEMWATCH 1789
NC317TCP Version No:3
CD 2007/3 Page 5 of 17
Section 6 - ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES
MAJOR SPILLS
Chemical Class:acidic compounds, inorganic
For release onto land: recommended sorbents listed in order of priority.
SORBENT TYPE RANK APPLICATION COLLECTION LIMITATIONS
LAND SPILL - SMALL
foamed glass - 1 throw pitchfork R, P, DGC, RT
pillows
expanded mineral - 2 shovel shovel R, I, W, P, DGC
particulate
foamed glass - 2 shovel shovel R, W, P, DGC
particulate
LAND SPILL - MEDIUM
expanded mineral - 1 blower skiploader R, I, W, P, DGC
particulate
foamed glass- 2 blower skiploader R, W, P, DGC
particulate
foamed glass - 3 throw skiploader R, W, P, DGC
particulate
Legend
DGC: Not effective where ground cover is dense
R; Not reusable
I: Not incinerable
P: Effectiveness reduced when rainy
RT:Not effective where terrain is rugged
SS: Not for use within environmentally sensitive sites
W: Effectiveness reduced when windy
Reference: Sorbents for Liquid Hazardous Substance Cleanup and Control;
R.W Melvold et al: Pollution Technology Review No. 150: Noyes Data Corporation 1988.
路 Clear area of personnel and move upwind.
路 Alert Fire Brigade and tell them location and nature of hazard.
路 Wear full body protective clothing with breathing apparatus.
路 Prevent, by any means available, spillage from entering drains or water course.
路 Stop leak if safe to do so.
路 Contain spill with sand, earth or vermiculite.
路 Collect recoverable product into labelled containers for recycling.
路 Neutralise/decontaminate residue.
路 Collect solid residues and seal in labelled drums for disposal.
路 Wash area and prevent runoff into drains.
路 After clean up operations, decontaminate and launder all protective clothing and
equipment before storing and re-using.
路 If contamination of drains or waterways occurs, advise emergency services.
HYDROCHLORIC ACID
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 16-Aug-2006 CHEMWATCH 1789
NC317TCP Version No:3
CD 2007/3 Page 6 of 17
Section 6 - ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES
PROTECTIVE ACTIONS FOR SPILL
PROTECTIVE ACTION ZONE
half
evacuation
downwind
direction
distance
down wind distance
wind isolation
distance
direction
half
evacuation downwind
INITIAL direction distance
ISOLATION
ZONE
From IERG (Canada/Australia)
Isolation Distance 25 metres
Downwind Protection Distance 250 metres
IERG Number 40
FOOTNOTES
1 PROTECTIVE ACTION ZONE is defined as the area in which people are at risk of harmful exposure. This zone
assumes that random changes in wind direction confines the vapour plume to an area within 30 degrees on
either side of the predominant wind direction, resulting in a crosswind protective action distance equal
to the downwind protective action distance.
2 PROTECTIVE ACTIONS should be initiated to the extent possible, beginning with those closest to the spill
and working away from the site in the downwind direction. Within the protective action zone a level of
vapour concentration may exist resulting in nearly all unprotected persons becoming incapacitated and
unable to take protective action and/or incurring serious or irreversible health effects.
3 INITIAL ISOLATION ZONE is determined as an area, including upwind of the incident, within which a high
probability of localised wind reversal may expose nearly all persons without appropriate protection to
life-threatening concentrations of the material.
4 SMALL SPILLS involve a leaking package of 200 litres (55 US gallons) or less, such as a drum (jerrican or
box with inner containers). Larger packages leaking less than 200 litres and compressed gas leaking from
a small cylinder are also considered "small spills".
LARGE SPILLS involve many small leaking packages or a leaking package of greater than 200 litres, such as
a cargo tank, portable tank or a "one-tonne" compressed gas cylinder.
5 Guide 157 is taken from the US DOT emergency response guide book.
6 IERG information is derived from CANUTEC - Transport Canada.
EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLANNING GUIDELINES (ERPG)
The maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed that nearly all individuals could be exposed
for up to one hour WITHOUT experiencing or developing
life-threatening health effects is:
hydrochloric acid 150 ppm
irreversible or other serious effects or symptoms which could impair an individual's ability to take
protective action is:
hydrochloric acid 20 ppm
other than mild, transient adverse effects without perceiving a clearly defined odour is:
hydrochloric acid 3 ppm
The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no appreciable risk of health effects:
hydrochloric acid 0.5 ppm
American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA)
Ingredients considered according to the following cutoffs
HYDROCHLORIC ACID
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 16-Aug-2006 CHEMWATCH 1789
NC317TCP Version No:3
CD 2007/3 Page 7 of 17
Section 6 - ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES
Very Toxic (T+) >= 0.1% Toxic (T) >= 3.0%
R50 >= 0.25% Corrosive (C) >= 5.0%
R51 >= 2.5%
else >= 10%
where percentage is percentage of ingredient found in the mixture
Personal Protective Equipment advice is contained in Section 8 of the MSDS.
Section 7 - HANDLING AND STORAGE
PROCEDURE FOR HANDLING
路 Avoid all personal contact, including inhalation.
路 Wear protective clothing when risk of exposure occurs.
路 Use in a well-ventilated area.
路 WARNING: To avoid violent reaction, ALWAYS add material to water and NEVER water to
material.
路 Avoid smoking, naked lights or ignition sources.
路 Avoid contact with incompatible materials.
路 When handling, DO NOT eat, drink or smoke.
路 Keep containers securely sealed when not in use.
路 Avoid physical damage to containers.
路 Always wash hands with soap and water after handling.
路 Work clothes should be laundered separately. Launder contaminated clothing before re
-use.
路 Use good occupational work practice.
路 Observe manufacturer's storing and handling recommendations.
路 Atmosphere should be regularly checked against established exposure standards to
ensure safe working conditions are maintained.
DO NOT allow clothing wet with material to stay in contact with skin.
SUITABLE CONTAINER
DO NOT use aluminium or galvanised containers.
路 Lined metal can, lined metal pail/ can.
路 Plastic pail.
路 Polyliner drum.
路 Packing as recommended by manufacturer.
路 Check all containers are clearly labelled and free from leaks.
STORAGE INCOMPATIBILITY
Reacts vigorously with alkalis.
Reacts with mild steel, galvanised steel / zinc producing hydrogen gas which may form an
explosive mixture with air.
路 Inorganic acids are generally soluble in water with the release of hydrogen ions. The
resulting solutions have pH's of less than 7.0.
路 Inorganic acids neutralise chemical bases (for example: amines and inorganic
hydroxides) to form salts.
路 Neutralisation can generate dangerously large amounts of heat in small spaces.
路 The dissolution of inorganic acids in water or the dilution of their concentrated
solutions with additional water may generate significant heat.
路 The addition of water to inorganic acids often generates sufficient heat in the small
region of mixing to cause some of the water to boil explosively. The resulting "bumping"
can spatter the acid.
路 Inorganic acids react with active metals, including such structural metals as aluminum
and iron, to release hydrogen, a flammable gas.
路 Inorganic acids can initiate the polymerisation of certain classes of organic
compounds.
路 Inorganic acids react with cyanide compounds to release gaseous hydrogen cyanide.
路 Inorganic acids generate flammable and/or toxic gases in contact with dithiocarbamates,
HYDROCHLORIC ACID
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 16-Aug-2006 CHEMWATCH 1789
NC317TCP Version No:3
CD 2007/3 Page 8 of 17
Section 7 - HANDLING AND STORAGE
isocyanates, mercaptans, nitrides, nitriles, sulfides, and strong reducing agents.
Additional gas-generating reactions occur with sulfites, nitrites, thiosulfates (to give
H2S and SO3), dithionites (SO2), and even carbonates.
路 Acids often catalyse (increase the rate of) chemical reactions.
Avoid storage with metals, metal oxides, hydroxides, amines, carbonates,
alkaline materials, acetic anhydride, cyanides, sulphides, sulphites,
phosphides, acetylides, borides, carbides, silicides, vinyl acetate,
formaldehyde and potassium permanganate.
Reacts with zinc, brass, galvanised iron, aluminium, copper and copper
alloys.
STORAGE REQUIREMENTS
路 Store in original containers.
路 Keep containers securely sealed.
路 Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area.
路 Store away from incompatible materials and foodstuff containers.
路 Protect containers against physical damage and check regularly for leaks.
路 Observe manufacturer's storing and handling recommendations.
_____________________________________________________
SAFE STORAGE WITH OTHER CLASSIFIED CHEMICALS
X X + X X +
_____________________________________________________
+: May be stored together
O: May be stored together with specific preventions
X: Must not be stored together
Section 8 - EXPOSURE CONTROLS / PERSONAL PROTECTION
EXPOSURE CONTROLS
Source Material Peak ppm Peak mg/m鲁
_________ _________ _____ _____
Australia Exposure hydrochloric acid 5 7.5
Standards (Hydrogen chloride)
Australia Exposure hydrogen chloride 5 7.5
Standards (Hydrogen chloride)
The following materials had no OELs on our records
鈥? water: CAS:7732- 18- 5
EMERGENCY EXPOSURE LIMITS
Material Revised IDLH Value (mg/m3) Revised IDLH Value (ppm)
hydrochloric acid 50
hydrogen chloride 50
ODOUR SAFETY FACTOR (OSF)
OSF=1.3 (HYDROGEN CHLORIDE)
Exposed individuals are NOT reasonably expected to be warned, by smell, that the Exposure
Standard is being exceeded.
Odour Safety Factor (OSF) is determined to fall into either Class C, D or E.
The Odour Safety Factor (OSF) is defined as:
OSF= Exposure Standard (TWA) ppm/ Odour Threshold Value (OTV) ppm
Classification into classes follows:
HYDROCHLORIC ACID
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 16-Aug-2006 CHEMWATCH 1789
NC317TCP Version No:3
CD 2007/3 Page 9 of 17
Section 8 - EXPOSURE CONTROLS / PERSONAL PROTECTION
Class OSF Description
A 550 Over 90% of exposed individuals
are aware by smell that the
Exposure Standard (TLV- TWA for
example) is being reached, even
when distracted by working
activities
B 26- 550 As " A" for 50- 90% of persons
being distracted
C 1- 26 As " A" for less than 50% of
persons being distracted
D 0.18- 1 10- 50% of persons aware of
being tested perceive by smell
that the Exposure Standard is
being reached
E <0.18 As " D" for less than 10% of
persons aware of being tested
.
MATERIAL DATA
Odour Threshold Value: 0.262 ppm (detection), 10.06 ppm (recognition)
NOTE: Detector tubes for hydrochloric acid, measuring in excess of 1 ppm,
are available commercially.
Hydrogen chloride is a strong irritant to the eyes, mucous membranes and
skin. Chronic exposure produces a corrosive action on the teeth. Reports
of respiratory irritation following short-term exposure at 5 ppm have lead
to the recommended TLV-C. There is no indication that skin contact with
hydrogen chloride elicits systemic poisoning and a skin designation has
not been applied.
Exposure of humans to hydrogen chloride at 50 to 100 ppm for 1 hour is
reported to be barely tolerable; 35 ppm caused irritation of the throat on
short exposure and 10 ppm was the maximal concentration for prolonged
exposure. It has been stated that hydrogen chloride at concentrations of
5 ppm is immediately irritating.
-
Toxic effects of hydrochloric acid
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Concentration Clinical effects
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
0.067 - 0.267 ppm Reported range of odour thresholds and
changes in respiratory pattern
5 ppm No organic damage
10 ppm Irritation; work undisturbed
10-50 ppm Work difficult but possible
35 ppm Short exposure irritation of the throat
50-100 ppm Exposure for 1 h barely tolerable
1000-2000 ppm Brief exposure dangerous; laryngospasm
1300-2000 ppm Lethal after a few minutes
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
INGREDIENT DATA
HYDROGEN CHLORIDE:
Odour Threshold Value: 0.262 ppm (detection), 10.06 ppm (recognition)
NOTE: Detector tubes for hydrochloric acid, measuring in excess of 1 ppm,
are available commercially.
Hydrogen chloride is a strong irritant to the eyes, mucous membranes and
skin. Chronic exposure produces a corrosive action on the teeth. Reports
of respiratory irritation following short-term exposure at 5 ppm have lead
HYDROCHLORIC ACID
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 16-Aug-2006 CHEMWATCH 1789
NC317TCP Version No:3
CD 2007/3 Page 10 of 17
Section 8 - EXPOSURE CONTROLS / PERSONAL PROTECTION
to the recommended TLV-C. There is no indication that skin contact with
hydrogen chloride elicits systemic poisoning and a skin designation has
not been applied.
Exposure of humans to hydrogen chloride at 50 to 100 ppm for 1 hour is
reported to be barely tolerable; 35 ppm caused irritation of the throat on
short exposure and 10 ppm was the maximal concentration for prolonged
exposure. It has been stated that hydrogen chloride at concentrations of
5 ppm is immediately irritating.
WATER:
No exposure limits set by NOHSC or ACGIH.
PERSONAL PROTECTION
EYE
路 Chemical goggles.
路 Full face shield may be required for supplementary but never for primary protection of
eyes
路 Contact lenses may pose a special hazard; soft contact lenses may absorb and
concentrate irritants. A written policy document, describing the wearing of lens or
restrictions on use, should be created for each workplace or task. This should include a
review of lens absorption and adsorption for the class of chemicals in use and an account
of injury experience. Medical and first-aid personnel should be trained in their removal
and suitable equipment should be readily available. In the event of chemical exposure,
begin eye irrigation immediately and remove contact lens as soon as practicable. Lens
should be removed at the first signs of eye redness or irritation - lens should be
removed in a clean environment only after workers have washed hands thoroughly. [CDC
NIOSH Current Intelligence Bulletin 59].
HANDS/FEET
Elbow length PVC gloves.
When handling corrosive liquids, wear trousers or overalls outside of boots, to avoid
spills entering boots.
#76b-p()
OTHER
路 Overalls.
路 PVC Apron.
路 PVC protective suit may be required if exposure severe.
路 Eyewash unit.
路 Ensure there is ready access to a safety shower.
GLOVE SELECTION INDEX
Glove selection is based on a modified presentation of the:
" Forsberg Clothing Performance Index" .
The effect(s) of the following substance(s) are taken into account in the
computer- generated selection: hydrochloric acid
Protective Material CPI *.
__________________________________________
BUTYL A
BUTYL/NEOPRENE A
HYDROCHLORIC ACID
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 16-Aug-2006 CHEMWATCH 1789
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Section 8 - EXPOSURE CONTROLS / PERSONAL PROTECTION
HYPALON A
NEOPRENE A
NEOPRENE/NATURAL A
NITRILE+PVC A
PE/EVAL/PE A
SARANEX- 23 A
VITON/NEOPRENE A
PVC A
NITRILE A
NATURAL RUBBER B
NATURAL+NEOPRENE B
NAT+NEOPR+NITRILE C
__________________________________________
* CPI - Chemwatch Performance Index
A: Best Selection
B: Satisfactory; may degrade after 4 hours continuous immersion
C: Poor to Dangerous Choice for other than short term immersion
NOTE: As a series of factors will influence the actual performance of the glove,
a final selection must be based on detailed observation. -
* Where the glove is to be used on a short term, casual or infrequent basis,
factors such as "feel" or convenience (e.g. disposability), may dictate a choice
of gloves which might otherwise be unsuitable following long-term or frequent use.
A qualified practitioner should be consulted.
RESPIRATOR
Selection of the Class and Type of respirator will depend upon the level of breathing
zone contaminant and the chemical nature of the contaminant. Protection Factors (defined
as the ratio of contaminant outside and inside the mask) may also be important.
Breathing Zone Level Maximum Protection Half- face Respirator Full- Face Respirator
ppm (volume) Factor
1000 10 B- AUS P -
1000 50 - B- AUS P
5000 50 Airline * -
5000 100 - B- 2 P
10000 100 - B- 3 P
100+ Airline**
* - Continuous Flow ** - Continuous-flow or positive pressure demand.
The local concentration of material, quantity and conditions of use determine the type of
personal protective equipment required.
For further information consult site specific
CHEMWATCH data (if available), or your
Occupational Health and Safety Advisor.
ENGINEERING CONTROLS
Local exhaust ventilation usually required. If risk of overexposure exists, wear approved
respirator. Correct fit is essential to obtain adequate protection. Supplied-air type
respirator may be required in special circumstances. Correct fit is essential to ensure
adequate protection.
An approved self contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) may be required in some situations.
Provide adequate ventilation in warehouse or closed storage area. Air contaminants
generated in the workplace possess varying "escape" velocities which, in turn, determine
the "capture velocities" of fresh circulating air required to effectively remove the
contaminant.
Type of Contaminant: Air Speed:
solvent, vapours, degreasing etc., evaporating 0.25- 0.5 m/s (50- 100 f/min.)
from tank (in still air).
HYDROCHLORIC ACID
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 16-Aug-2006 CHEMWATCH 1789
NC317TCP Version No:3
CD 2007/3 Page 12 of 17
Section 8 - EXPOSURE CONTROLS / PERSONAL PROTECTION
aerosols, fumes from pouring operations, 0.5- 1 m/s (100- 200 f/min.)
intermittent container filling, low speed
conveyer transfers, welding, spray drift,
plating acid fumes, pickling (released at low
velocity into zone of active generation)
direct spray, spray painting in shallow booths, 1- 2.5 m/s (200- 500 f/min.)
drum filling, conveyer loading, crusher dusts,
gas discharge (active generation into zone of
rapid air motion)
grinding, abrasive blasting, tumbling, high 2.5- 10 m/s (500- 2000 f/min.)
speed wheel generated dusts (released at high
initial velocity into zone of very high rapid
air motion).
Within each range the appropriate value depends on:
Lower end of the range Upper end of the range
1: Room air currents minimal or favourable to 1: Disturbing room air currents
capture
2: Contaminants of low toxicity or of nuisance 2: Contaminants of high toxicity
value only.
3: Intermittent, low production. 3: High production, heavy use
4: Large hood or large air mass in motion 4: Small hood- local control only
Simple theory shows that air velocity falls rapidly with distance away from the opening
of a simple extraction pipe. Velocity generally decreases with the square of distance
from the extraction point (in simple cases). Therefore the air speed at the extraction
point should be adjusted, accordingly, after reference to distance from the contaminating
source. The air velocity at the extraction fan, for example, should be a minimum of 1-2
m/s (200-400 f/min) for extraction of solvents generated in a tank 2 meters distant from
the extraction point. Other mechanical considerations, producing performance deficits
within the extraction apparatus, make it essential that theoretical air velocities are
multiplied by factors of 10 or more when extraction systems are installed or used.
Section 9 - PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
APPEARANCE
Clear to light yellow (orange tint for inhibited grades) fuming corrosive liquid with
sharp, suffocating odour. CARE: mixes with water but generates heat, may cause dangerous
boiling. Concentrate and solutions are acidic and strongly corrosive. Material is a
solution of corrosive hydrogen chloride gas in water. Commercial grades contain 28- 37%
hydrogen chloride HCl and at room temperature slowly gives off significant levels of
acidic HCl gas. Odour becomes disagreeable at 5- 10 ppm.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Liquid.
Mixes with water.
Corrosive.
Acid.
Toxic or noxious vapours/gas.
Molecular Weight: Not applicable. Boiling Range (掳C): > 50
Melting Range (掳C): > - 74 Specific Gravity (water=1): 1.14- 1.19
Solubility in water (g/L): Miscible pH (as supplied): 0.9
pH (1% solution): 1.2 Vapour Pressure (kPa): < 25 @ 25 C
HYDROCHLORIC ACID
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 16-Aug-2006 CHEMWATCH 1789
NC317TCP Version No:3
CD 2007/3 Page 13 of 17
Section 9 - PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Volatile Component (%vol): approx. 100 Evaporation Rate: Slow
Relative Vapour Density (air=1): 1.3 Flash Point (掳C): Not combustible
Lower Explosive Limit (%): Not applicable. Upper Explosive Limit (%): Not applicable.
Autoignition Temp (掳C): Not available. Decomposition Temp (掳C): Not Available
State: Liquid Viscosity: Not Available
Section 10 - CHEMICAL STABILITY AND REACTIVITY INFORMATION
CONDITIONS CONTRIBUTING TO INSTABILITY
Contact with alkaline material liberates heat.
Section 11 - TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
POTENTIAL HEALTH EFFECTS
ACUTE HEALTH EFFECTS
SWALLOWED
Ingestion of acidic corrosives may produce burns around and in the mouth, the throat and
oesophagus. Immediate pain and difficulties in swallowing and speaking may also be
evident. Swelling of the epiglottis may make it difficult to breathe which may result in
suffocation. More severe exposure may result in vomiting blood and thick mucus, shock,
abnormally low blood pressure, fluctuating pulse, shallow respiration and clammy skin,
inflammation of stomach wall, and rupture of oesophageal tissue. Untreated shock may
eventually result in kidney failure. Severe cases may result in perforation of the
stomach and abdominal cavity with consequent infection, rigidity and fever. There may be
severe narrowing of the oesophageal or pyloric sphincters; this may occur immediately or
after a delay of weeks to years. There may be coma and convulsions, followed by death due
to infection of the abdominal cavity, kidneys or lungs.
Accidental ingestion of the material may be damaging to the health of the individual.
EYE
If applied to the eyes, this material causes severe eye damage.
Direct eye contact with acid corrosives may produce pain, tears, sensitivity to light and
burns. Mild burns of the epithelia generally recover rapidly and completely. Severe burns
produce long-lasting and possibly irreversible damage. The appearance of the burn may not
be apparent for several weeks after the initial contact. The cornea may ultimately become
deeply opaque resulting in blindness.
The material may be irritating to the eye, with prolonged contact causing inflammation.
Repeated or prolonged exposure to irritants may produce conjunctivitis.
SKIN
Skin contact with the material may damage the health of the individual; systemic effects
may result following absorption.
Skin contact with acidic corrosives may result in pain and burns; these may be deep with
distinct edges and may heal slowly with the formation of scar tissue.
Entry into the blood-stream, through, for example, cuts, abrasions or lesions, may
produce systemic injury with harmful effects. Examine the skin prior to the use of the
material and ensure that any external damage is suitably protected.
INHALED
Inhalation of vapours or aerosols (mists, fumes), generated by the material during the
course of normal handling, may produce toxic effects.
The material can cause respiratory irritation in some persons. The body's response to
such irritation can cause further lung damage.
Corrosive acids can cause irritation of the respiratory tract, with coughing, choking and
mucous membrane damage. There may be dizziness, headache, nausea and weakness. Swelling
HYDROCHLORIC ACID
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Section 11 - TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
of the lungs can occur, either immediately or after a delay; symptoms of this include
chest tightness, shortness of breath, frothy phlegm and cyanosis. Lack of oxygen can
cause death hours after onset.
Inhalation of quantities of liquid mist may be extremely hazardous, even lethal due to
spasm, extreme irritation of larynx and bronchi, chemical pneumonitis and pulmonary
oedema.
CHRONIC HEALTH EFFECTS
Repeated or prolonged exposure to acids may result in the erosion of teeth, swelling
and/or ulceration of mouth lining. Irritation of airways to lung, with cough, and
inflammation of lung tissue often occurs. Chronic exposure may inflame the skin or
conjunctiva.
Substance accumulation, in the human body, may occur and may cause some concern following
repeated or long-term occupational exposure.
Asthma-like symptoms may continue for months or even years after exposure to the material
ceases. This may be due to a non-allergenic condition known as reactive airways
dysfunction syndrome (RADS) which can occur following exposure to high levels of highly
irritating compound. Key criteria for the diagnosis of RADS include the absence of
preceding respiratory disease, in a non-atopic individual, with abrupt onset of
persistent asthma-like symptoms within minutes to hours of a documented exposure to the
irritant. A reversible airflow pattern, on spirometry, with the presence of moderate to
severe bronchial hyperreactivity on methacholine challenge testing and the lack of
minimal lymphocytic inflammation, without eosinophilia, have also been included in the
criteria for diagnosis of RADS. RADS (or asthma) following an irritating inhalation is an
infrequent disorder with rates related to the concentration of and duration of exposure
to the irritating substance. Industrial bronchitis, on the other hand, is a disorder that
occurs as result of exposure due to high concentrations of irritating substance (often
particulate in nature) and is completely reversible after exposure ceases. The disorder
is characterised by dyspnea, cough and mucus production.
There has been some concern that this material can cause cancer or mutations but there is
not enough data to make an assessment.
TOXICITY AND IRRITATION
unless otherwise specified data extracted from RTECS - Register of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances.
TOXICITY IRRITATION
Unreported (man) LDLo: 81 mg/kg Eye (rabbit): 5mg/30s - Mild
Inhalation (human) LCLo: 1300 ppm/30 min
Inhalation (human) LCLo: 3000 ppm/5 min
Inhalation (rat) LC50: 3124 ppm/1h
Oral (rat) LD50: 900 mg/kg
The substance is classified by IARC as Group 3:
NOT classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans.
Evidence of carcinogenicity may be inadequate or limited in animal testing.
HYDROGEN CHLORIDE:
unless otherwise specified data extracted from RTECS - Register of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances.
TOXICITY IRRITATION
Inhalation (human) LCLo: 1300 ppm/30m Eye (rabbit): 5 mg/30s - Mild
Inhalation (human) LCLo: 3000 ppm/5m
Inhalation (rat) LC50: 3124 ppm/60m
4701 ppm/30m
WATER:
unless otherwise specified data extracted from RTECS - Register of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances.
No significant acute toxicological data identified in literature search.
MATERIAL CARCINOGEN REPROTOXIN SENSITISER SKIN
_______________ ____________ __________ __________ __________
hydrochloric acid IARC:3
hydrogen chloride IARC:3
HYDROCHLORIC ACID
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Section 11 - TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
CARCINOGEN
IARC: International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Carcinogens: hydrochloric acid
Category: 3
CARCINOGEN
IARC: International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Carcinogens: hydrogen chloride
Category: 3
Section 12 - ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
Hazardous Air Pollutant: Yes
Fish LC50 (96hr.) (mg/l): 0.282
Prevent, by any means available, spillage from entering drains or water
courses.
DO NOT discharge into sewer or waterways.
Ecotoxicity
Fish LC100 (24 h): trout 10 mg/l
TLm (96 h): mosquito fish 282 ppm (fresh water)
LC50: goldfish 178 mg/l
Shrimp LC50 (48 h): 100 - 330 ppm (salt water)
Starfish LC50 (48 h): 100 - 330 mg/l
Cockle LC50 (48 h): 330 - 1000 mg/l
[Hach]
Hydrogen chloride in water dissociates almost completely, releasing
hydrogen and chloride ions; the hydrogen ions are captured by water to
produce hydronium ions.
Hydrochloric acid infiltrates soil, the rate dependent on moisture
content. During soil transport, hydrochloric acid dissolves soil
components.
Drinking water standard:
chloride: 400 mg/l (UK max.)
250 mg/l (WHO guideline)
Section 13 - DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS
路 Recycle wherever possible.
路 Consult manufacturer for recycling options or consult local or regional waste
management authority for disposal if no suitable treatment or disposal facility can be
identified.
路 Treat and neutralise at an approved treatment plant. Treatment should involve:
Neutralisation with soda-ash or soda-lime followed by: Burial in a licenced land-fill or
Incineration in a licenced apparatus (after admixture with suitable combustible
material).
路 Decontaminate empty containers with 5% aqueous sodium hydroxide or soda ash, followed
by water. Observe all label safeguards until containers are cleaned and destroyed.
路 Containers may still present a chemical hazard/ danger when empty.
路 Return to supplier for reuse/ recycling if possible.
Otherwise:
路 If container can not be cleaned sufficiently well to ensure that residuals do not
remain or if the container cannot be used to store the same product, then puncture
containers, to prevent re-use, and bury at an authorised landfill.
路 Where possible retain label warnings and MSDS and observe all notices pertaining to the
product.
HYDROCHLORIC ACID
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 16-Aug-2006 CHEMWATCH 1789
NC317TCP Version No:3
CD 2007/3 Page 16 of 17
Section 14 - TRANSPORTATION INFORMATION
Labels Required: CORROSIVE
HAZCHEM: 2R
UNDG:
Dangerous Goods Class: 8 Subrisk: None
UN Number: 1789 Packing Group: II
Shipping Name:HYDROCHLORIC ACID
Air Transport IATA:
ICAO/IATA Class: 8 ICAO/IATA Subrisk: None
UN/ID Number: 1789 Packing Group: II
Special provisions: A3
Shipping Name: HYDROCHLORIC ACID
Maritime Transport IMDG:
Forbidden for transport
Shipping Name: HYDROCHLORIC ACID
Section 15 - REGULATORY INFORMATION
POISONS SCHEDULE: S6 (S3NZ)
REGULATIONS
hydrochloric acid (CAS: 7647-01-0) is found on the following regulatory lists;
Australia - Australian Capital Territory - Environment Protection Regulation: Ambient environmental standards (Domestic water supply - inorganic chemicals)
Australia - Australian Capital Territory - Environment Protection Regulation: Pollutants entering waterways taken to cause environmental harm (IRRIG)
Australia - Australian Capital Territory Environment Protection Regulation Pollutants entering waterways - Agricultural uses (Stock)
Australia - Australian Capital Territory Environment Protection Regulation Pollutants entering waterways - Domestic water quality
Australia - Queensland Hazardous Materials and Prescribed Quantities for Major Hazard Facilities
Australia Exposure Standards
Australia High Volume Industrial Chemical List (HVICL)
Australia Illicit Drug Reagents/Essential Chemicals - Category III
Australia Inventory of Chemical Substances (AICS)
Australia National Pollutant Inventory
Australia Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Drugs and Poisons (SUSDP) - Appendix E (Part 2)
Australia Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Drugs and Poisons (SUSDP) - Appendix F (Part 3)
Australia Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Drugs and Poisons (SUSDP) - Schedule 5
Australia Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Drugs and Poisons (SUSDP) - Schedule 6
CODEX General Standard for Food Additives (GSFA) - Additives Permitted for Use in Food in General, Unless Otherwise Specified, in Accordance with GMP
IMO MARPOL 73/78 (Annex II) - List of Noxious Liquid Substances Carried in Bulk
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Carcinogens
International Council of Chemical Associations (ICCA) - High Production Volume List
International Maritime Dangerous Goods Requirements (IMDG Code) - Goods Forbidden for Transport
OECD Representative List of High Production Volume (HPV) Chemicals
United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances - Table II
United Nations List of Precursors and Chemicals Frequently used in the Illicit Manufacture of Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Under International
Control - Table II
WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality - Chemicals for which guideline values have not been established
Section 16 - OTHER INFORMATION
Classification of the preparation and its individual components has drawn on official and
authoritative sources as well as independent review by the Chemwatch Classification
HYDROCHLORIC ACID
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 16-Aug-2006 CHEMWATCH 1789
NC317TCP Version No:3
CD 2007/3 Page 17 of 17
Section 16 - OTHER INFORMATION
committee using available literature references.
This document is copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of private study, research, review or
criticism, as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part may be reproduced by any process without written permission
from CHEMWATCH. TEL (+61 3) 9572 4700.
Issue Date: 16-Aug-2006
Print Date: 20-Dec-2007
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