SOLVENT 30 (IKON 30)
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 28-Mar-2003 CHEMWATCH 4067-99
NC317TCP Version No:2.0
CD 2007/3 Page 1 of 26
Section 1 - CHEMICAL PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION
PRODUCT NAME
SOLVENT 30 (IKON 30)
SYNONYMS
"heavy polymer", "aromatic hydrocarbons, C9-16, biphenyl derivative rich"
PROPER SHIPPING NAME
HYDROCARBONS, LIQUID, N.O.S.
PRODUCT USE
Petroleum process stream.
SUPPLIER
Company: Quantum Chemicals Pty Ltd
Address:
70 Quantum Close
Dandenong South
Victoria 3175
Telephone: 03 8795 8000
Emergency Tel: 1300 131 001
Fax: 03 8795 8099
HAZARD RATINGS
Flammability
Toxicity
Body Contact
Reactivity
Chronic
SCALE: Min/Nil=0 Low=1 Moderate=2 High=3 Extreme=4
Section 2 - HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION
STATEMENT OF HAZARDOUS NATURE
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE. DANGEROUS GOODS. According to the Criteria of NOHSC,
and the ADG Code.
SOLVENT 30 (IKON 30)
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 28-Mar-2003 CHEMWATCH 4067-99
NC317TCP Version No:2.0
CD 2007/3 Page 2 of 26
Section 2 - HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION
POISONS SCHEDULE
S5, NZS4
RISK SAFETY
Highly flammable. Keep locked up.
Harmful if swallowed. Keep away from sources of ignition. No smoking.
Irritating to eyes respiratory system and skin. Do not breathe gas/ fumes/ vapour/ spray.
May cause CANCER. In case of insufficient ventilation wear
suitable respiratory equipment.
May cause heritable genetic damage. Use only in well ventilated areas.
Harmful: danger of serious damage to health by Keep container in a well ventilated place.
prolonged exposure through inhalation in contact
with skin and if swallowed.
Very toxic to aquatic organisms may cause long- Avoid exposure - obtain special instructions
term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. before use.
Possible risk of harm to the unborn child. To clean the floor and all objects contaminated
by this material use water and detergent.
HARMFUL - May cause lung damage if swallowed. Keep container tightly closed.
Vapours may cause drowsiness and dizziness. This material and its container must be disposed
of in a safe way.
Inhalation and/or skin contact may produce Keep away from food drink and animal feeding
health damage*. stuffs.
Cumulative effects may result following Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
exposure*.
* (limited evidence). In case of contact with eyes rinse with plenty
of water and contact Doctor or Poisons
Information Centre.
Use appropriate container to avoid environment
contamination.
Avoid release to the environment. Refer to
special instructions/ safety data sheets.
This material and its container must be disposed
of as hazardous waste.
Section 3 - COMPOSITION / INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS
NAME CAS RN %
biphenyl 92-52-4 40-70
toluene 108-88-3 10-40
p- xylene 106-42-3 1-5
ethylbenzene 100-41-4 1-5
benzene 71-43-2 0-2
fluorene 86-73-7 1-10
phenanthrene 85-01-8 1-5
SOLVENT 30 (IKON 30)
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 28-Mar-2003 CHEMWATCH 4067-99
NC317TCP Version No:2.0
CD 2007/3 Page 3 of 26
Section 4 - FIRST AID MEASURES
SWALLOWED
For advice, contact a Poisons Information Centre or a doctor.
路 If swallowed do NOT induce vomiting.
路 If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if
possible) to maintain open airway and prevent aspiration.
路 Observe the patient carefully.
路 Never give liquid to a person showing signs of being sleepy or with reduced awareness;
i.e. becoming unconscious
路 Give water to rinse out mouth, then provide liquid slowly and as much as casualty can
comfortably drink.
路 Seek medical advice.
EYE
If this product comes in contact with the eyes:
路 Immediately hold eyelids apart and flush the eye continuously with running water.
路 Ensure complete irrigation of the eye by keeping eyelids apart and away from eye and
moving the eyelids by occasionally lifting the upper and lower lids.
路 Continue flushing until advised to stop by the Poisons Information Centre or a doctor,
or for at least 15 minutes.
路 Transport to hospital or doctor without delay.
路 Removal of contact lenses after an eye injury should only be undertaken by skilled
personnel.
SKIN
If skin contact occurs:
路 Immediately remove all contaminated clothing, including footwear.
路 Flush skin and hair with running water (and soap if available).
路 Seek medical attention in event of irritation.
INHALED
路 If fumes or combustion products are inhaled remove from contaminated area.
路 Lay patient down. Keep warm and rested.
路 Prostheses such as false teeth, which may block airway, should be removed, where
possible, prior to initiating first aid procedures.
路 Apply artificial respiration if not breathing, preferably with a demand valve
resuscitator, bag-valve mask device, or pocket mask as trained. Perform CPR if necessary.
路 Transport to hospital, or doctor.
NOTES TO PHYSICIAN
For acute or short term repeated exposures to petroleum distillates or related
hydrocarbons:
路 Primary threat to life, from pure petroleum distillate ingestion and/or inhalation, is
respiratory failure.
路 Patients should be quickly evaluated for signs of respiratory distress (e.g. cyanosis,
tachypnoea, intercostal retraction, obtundation) and given oxygen. Patients with
inadequate tidal volumes or poor arterial blood gases (pO2 50 mm Hg) should be intubated.
路 Arrhythmias complicate some hydrocarbon ingestion and/or inhalation and
electrocardiographic evidence of myocardial injury has been reported; intravenous lines
and cardiac monitors should be established in obviously symptomatic patients. The lungs
excrete inhaled solvents, so that hyperventilation improves clearance.
路 A chest x-ray should be taken immediately after stabilisation of breathing and
circulation to document aspiration and detect the presence of pneumothorax.
路 Epinephrine (adrenalin) is not recommended for treatment of bronchospasm because of
potential myocardial sensitisation to catecholamines. Inhaled cardioselective
bronchodilators (e.g. Alupent, Salbutamol) are the preferred agents, with aminophylline a
second choice.
路 Lavage is indicated in patients who require decontamination; ensure use of cuffed
SOLVENT 30 (IKON 30)
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 28-Mar-2003 CHEMWATCH 4067-99
NC317TCP Version No:2.0
CD 2007/3 Page 4 of 26
Section 4 - FIRST AID MEASURES
endotracheal tube in adult patients. [Ellenhorn and Barceloux: Medical Toxicology].
Section 5 - FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES
EXTINGUISHING MEDIA
路 Foam.
路 Dry chemical powder.
路 BCF (where regulations permit).
路 Carbon dioxide.
路 Water spray or fog - Large fires only.
FIRE FIGHTING
路 Alert Fire Brigade and tell them location and nature of hazard.
路 May be violently or explosively reactive.
路 Wear breathing apparatus plus protective gloves.
路 Prevent, by any means available, spillage from entering drains or water course.
路 Consider evacuation (or protect in place).
路 Fight fire from a safe distance, with adequate cover.
路 If safe, switch off electrical equipment until vapour fire hazard removed.
路 Use water delivered as a fine spray to control the fire and cool adjacent area.
路 Avoid spraying water onto liquid pools.
路 Do not approach containers suspected to be hot.
路 Cool fire exposed containers with water spray from a protected location.
路 If safe to do so, remove containers from path of fire.
FIRE/EXPLOSION HAZARD
路 Liquid and vapour are highly flammable.
路 Severe fire hazard when exposed to heat, flame and/or oxidisers.
路 Vapour forms an explosive mixture with air.
路 Severe explosion hazard, in the form of vapour, when exposed to flame or spark.
路 Vapour may travel a considerable distance to source of ignition.
路 Heating may cause expansion / decomposition with violent rupture of containers.
路 On combustion, may emit toxic fumes of carbon monoxide (CO).
Other combustion products include: carbon dioxide (CO2).
FIRE INCOMPATIBILITY
Avoid contamination with oxidising agents i.e. nitrates, oxidising acids, chlorine
bleaches, pool chlorine etc. as ignition may result.
HAZCHEM: 3WE
Section 6 - ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES
EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
MINOR SPILLS
路 Remove all ignition sources.
路 Clean up all spills immediately.
路 Avoid breathing vapours and contact with skin and eyes.
路 Control personal contact by using protective equipment.
路 Contain and absorb small quantities with vermiculite or other absorbent material.
路 Wipe up.
路 Collect residues in a flammable waste container.
SOLVENT 30 (IKON 30)
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 28-Mar-2003 CHEMWATCH 4067-99
NC317TCP Version No:2.0
CD 2007/3 Page 5 of 26
Section 6 - ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES
MAJOR SPILLS
路 Clear area of personnel and move upwind.
路 Alert Fire Brigade and tell them location and nature of hazard.
路 May be violently or explosively reactive.
路 Wear breathing apparatus plus protective gloves.
路 Prevent, by any means available, spillage from entering drains or water course.
路 Consider evacuation (or protect in place).
路 No smoking, naked lights or ignition sources.
路 Increase ventilation.
路 Stop leak if safe to do so.
路 Water spray or fog may be used to disperse /absorb vapour.
路 Contain spill with sand, earth or vermiculite.
路 Use only spark-free shovels and explosion proof equipment.
路 Collect recoverable product into labelled containers for recycling.
路 Absorb remaining product with sand, earth or vermiculite.
路 Collect solid residues and seal in labelled drums for disposal.
路 Wash area and prevent runoff into drains.
路 If contamination of drains or waterways occurs, advise emergency services.
PROTECTIVE ACTIONS FOR SPILL
PROTECTIVE ACTION ZONE
half
evacuation
downwind
direction
distance
down wind distance
wind isolation
distance
direction
half
evacuation downwind
INITIAL direction distance
ISOLATION
ZONE
From IERG (Canada/Australia)
Isolation Distance 25 metres
Downwind Protection Distance 300 metres
IERG Number 14
FOOTNOTES
1 PROTECTIVE ACTION ZONE is defined as the area in which people are at risk of harmful exposure. This zone
assumes that random changes in wind direction confines the vapour plume to an area within 30 degrees on
either side of the predominant wind direction, resulting in a crosswind protective action distance equal
to the downwind protective action distance.
2 PROTECTIVE ACTIONS should be initiated to the extent possible, beginning with those closest to the spill
and working away from the site in the downwind direction. Within the protective action zone a level of
vapour concentration may exist resulting in nearly all unprotected persons becoming incapacitated and
unable to take protective action and/or incurring serious or irreversible health effects.
3 INITIAL ISOLATION ZONE is determined as an area, including upwind of the incident, within which a high
probability of localised wind reversal may expose nearly all persons without appropriate protection to
life-threatening concentrations of the material.
4 SMALL SPILLS involve a leaking package of 200 litres (55 US gallons) or less, such as a drum (jerrican or
box with inner containers). Larger packages leaking less than 200 litres and compressed gas leaking from
a small cylinder are also considered "small spills".
LARGE SPILLS involve many small leaking packages or a leaking package of greater than 200 litres, such as
a cargo tank, portable tank or a "one-tonne" compressed gas cylinder.
5 Guide 128 is taken from the US DOT emergency response guide book.
6 IERG information is derived from CANUTEC - Transport Canada.
SOLVENT 30 (IKON 30)
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 28-Mar-2003 CHEMWATCH 4067-99
NC317TCP Version No:2.0
CD 2007/3 Page 6 of 26
Section 6 - ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES
EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLANNING GUIDELINES (ERPG)
The maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed that nearly all individuals could be exposed
for up to one hour WITHOUT experiencing or developing
life-threatening health effects is:
biphenyl 100 mg/m鲁
toluene 1000 ppm
fluorene 500 mg/m鲁
irreversible or other serious effects or symptoms which could impair an individual's ability to take
protective action is:
biphenyl 6.5 mg/m鲁
toluene 300 ppm
fluorene 150 mg/m鲁
other than mild, transient adverse effects without perceiving a clearly defined odour is:
biphenyl 3.9 mg/m鲁
toluene 50 ppm
fluorene 25 mg/m鲁
The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no appreciable risk of health effects:
biphenyl 1 mg/m鲁
toluene 50 ppm
fluorene 7.5 mg/m鲁
American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA)
Ingredients considered according to the following cutoffs
Very Toxic (T+) >= 0.1% Toxic (T) >= 3.0%
R50 >= 0.25% Corrosive (C) >= 5.0%
R51 >= 2.5%
else >= 10%
where percentage is percentage of ingredient found in the mixture
Personal Protective Equipment advice is contained in Section 8 of the MSDS.
Section 7 - HANDLING AND STORAGE
PROCEDURE FOR HANDLING
Avoid generating and breathing mist.
路 Avoid all personal contact, including inhalation.
路 Wear protective clothing when risk of exposure occurs.
路 Use in a well-ventilated area.
路 Prevent concentration in hollows and sumps.
路 DO NOT enter confined spaces until atmosphere has been checked.
路 Avoid smoking, naked lights, heat or ignition sources.
路 When handling, DO NOT eat, drink or smoke.
路 Vapour may ignite on pumping or pouring due to static electricity.
路 DO NOT use plastic buckets.
路 Earth and secure metal containers when dispensing or pouring product.
路 Use spark-free tools when handling.
路 Avoid contact with incompatible materials.
路 Keep containers securely sealed.
路 Avoid physical damage to containers.
路 Always wash hands with soap and water after handling.
路 Work clothes should be laundered separately.
路 Use good occupational work practice.
SOLVENT 30 (IKON 30)
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 28-Mar-2003 CHEMWATCH 4067-99
NC317TCP Version No:2.0
CD 2007/3 Page 7 of 26
Section 7 - HANDLING AND STORAGE
路 Observe manufacturer's storing and handling recommendations.
路 Atmosphere should be regularly checked against established exposure standards to
ensure safe working conditions.
SUITABLE CONTAINER
路 Packing as supplied by manufacturer.
路 Plastic containers may only be used if approved for flammable liquid.
路 Check that containers are clearly labelled and free from leaks.
STORAGE INCOMPATIBILITY
Avoid storage with oxidisers.
STORAGE REQUIREMENTS
路 Store in original containers in approved flame-proof area.
路 No smoking, naked lights, heat or ignition sources.
路 DO NOT store in pits, depressions, basements or areas where vapours may be trapped.
路 Keep containers securely sealed.
路 Store away from incompatible materials in a cool, dry well ventilated area.
路 Protect containers against physical damage and check regularly for leaks.
路 Observe manufacturer's storing and handling recommendations.
_____________________________________________________
SAFE STORAGE WITH OTHER CLASSIFIED CHEMICALS
X X X X X +
_____________________________________________________
+: May be stored together
O: May be stored together with specific preventions
X: Must not be stored together
Section 8 - EXPOSURE CONTROLS / PERSONAL PROTECTION
EXPOSURE CONTROLS
Source Material TWA ppm TWA mg/m鲁 STEL ppm STEL mg/m鲁
_________ _________ _____ _____ _____ _____
Australia biphenyl 0.2 1.3
Exposure (Biphenyl)
Standards
Australia toluene (Toluene) 50 191 150 574
Exposure
Standards
Australia p- xylene (Xylene 80 350 150 655
Exposure (o- , m- , p-
Standards isomers))
Australia ethylbenzene 100 434 125 543
Exposure (Ethyl benzene)
Standards
Australia benzene (Benzene) 1 3.2
Exposure
Standards
Australia fluorene 10
Exposure (Inspirable dust
Standards (Not specified))
Australia phenanthrene 10
Exposure (Inspirable dust
Standards (Not specified))
SOLVENT 30 (IKON 30)
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 28-Mar-2003 CHEMWATCH 4067-99
NC317TCP Version No:2.0
CD 2007/3 Page 8 of 26
Section 8 - EXPOSURE CONTROLS / PERSONAL PROTECTION
Source Material TWA ppm TWA mg/m鲁 STEL ppm STEL mg/m鲁
_________ _________ _____ _____ _____ _____
The following materials had no OELs on our records
鈥? (C9- 16)biphenyls: CAS:68955- 76- 0
EMERGENCY EXPOSURE LIMITS
Material Revised IDLH Value (mg/m3) Revised IDLH Value (ppm)
biphenyl 100
toluene 500
p- xylene 900
ethylbenzene 800 [LEL]
benzene 500
NOTES
Values marked LEL indicate that the IDLH was based on 10% of the lower explosive limit
for safety considerations even though the relevant toxicological data indicated that
irreversible health effects or impairment of escape existed only at higher
concentrations.
ODOUR SAFETY FACTOR (OSF)
OSF=0.042 (BENZENE)
Exposed individuals are NOT reasonably expected to be warned, by smell, that the Exposure
Standard is being exceeded.
Odour Safety Factor (OSF) is determined to fall into either Class C, D or E.
The Odour Safety Factor (OSF) is defined as:
OSF= Exposure Standard (TWA) ppm/ Odour Threshold Value (OTV) ppm
Classification into classes follows:
Class OSF Description
A 550 Over 90% of exposed individuals
are aware by smell that the
Exposure Standard (TLV- TWA for
example) is being reached, even
when distracted by working
activities
B 26- 550 As " A" for 50- 90% of persons
being distracted
C 1- 26 As " A" for less than 50% of
persons being distracted
D 0.18- 1 10- 50% of persons aware of
being tested perceive by smell
that the Exposure Standard is
being reached
E <0.18 As " D" for less than 10% of
persons aware of being tested
.
MATERIAL DATA
Not available. Refer to individual constituents.
INGREDIENT DATA
BENZENE:
P-XYLENE:
SOLVENT 30 (IKON 30)
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 28-Mar-2003 CHEMWATCH 4067-99
NC317TCP Version No:2.0
CD 2007/3 Page 9 of 26
Section 8 - EXPOSURE CONTROLS / PERSONAL PROTECTION
TOLUENE:
Exposed individuals are NOT reasonably expected to be warned, by smell, that the
Exposure Standard is being exceeded.
Odour Safety Factor (OSF) is determined to fall into either Class C, D or E.
The Odour Safety Factor (OSF) is defined as:
OSF= Exposure Standard (TWA) ppm/ Odour Threshold Value (OTV) ppm
Classification into classes follows:
Class OSF Description
A 550 Over 90% of exposed individuals
are aware by smell that the
Exposure Standard (TLV- TWA for
example) is being reached, even
when distracted by working
activities
B 26- 550 As " A" for 50- 90% of persons
being distracted
C 1- 26 As " A" for less than 50% of
persons being distracted
D 0.18- 1 10- 50% of persons aware of
being tested perceive by smell
that the Exposure Standard is
being reached
E <0.18 As " D" for less than 10% of
persons aware of being tested
.
BENZENE:
TOLUENE:
These exposure guidelines have been derived from a screening level of risk assessment
and should not be construed as unequivocally safe limits. ORGS represent an 8-hour time
-weighted average unless specified otherwise.
CR = Cancer Risk/10000; UF = Uncertainty factor:
TLV believed to be adequate to protect reproductive health:
LOD: Limit of detection
Toxic endpoints have also been identified as:
D = Developmental; R = Reproductive; TC = Transplacental carcinogen
Jankovic J., Drake F.: A Screening Method for Occupational Reproductive
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal 57: 641-649 (1996).
BENZENE:
TOLUENE:
Established occupational exposure limits frequently do not take into consideration
reproductive end points that are clearly below the thresholds for other toxic effects.
Occupational reproductive guidelines (ORGs) have been suggested as an additional
standard. These have been established after a literature search for reproductive no
-observed-adverse effect-level (NOAEL) and the lowest-observed-adverse-effect-level
(LOAEL). In addition the US EPA's procedures for risk assessment for hazard
identification and dose-response assessment as applied by NIOSH were used in the creation
of such limits. Uncertainty factors (UFs) have also been incorporated.
BENZENE:
TOLUENE:
Exposure limits with "skin" notation indicate that vapour and liquid may be absorbed
through intact skin. Absorption by skin may readily exceed vapour inhalation exposure.
Symptoms for skin absorption are the same as for inhalation. Contact with eyes and mucous
membranes may also contribute to overall exposure and may also invalidate the exposure
standard.
SOLVENT 30 (IKON 30)
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 28-Mar-2003 CHEMWATCH 4067-99
NC317TCP Version No:2.0
CD 2007/3 Page 10 of 26
Section 8 - EXPOSURE CONTROLS / PERSONAL PROTECTION
FLUORENE:
PHENANTHRENE:
These "dusts" have little adverse effect on the lungs and do not produce toxic effects
or organic disease. Although there is no dust which does not evoke some cellular response
at sufficiently high concentrations, the cellular response caused by P.N.O.C.s has the
following characteristics:
路 the architecture of the air spaces remain intact,
路 scar tissue (collagen) is not synthesised to any degree,
路 tissue reaction is potentially reversible.
Extensive concentrations of P.N.O.C.s may:
路 seriously reduce visibility,
路 cause unpleasant deposits in the eyes, ears and nasal passages,
路 contribute to skin or mucous membrane injury by chemical or mechanical action, per
se, or by the rigorous skin cleansing procedures necessary for their removal. [ACGIH]
This limit does not apply:
路 to brief exposures to higher concentrations
路 nor does it apply to those substances that may cause physiological impairment at
lower concentrations but for which a TLV has as yet to be determined.
This exposure standard applies to particles which
路 are insoluble or poorly soluble* in water or, preferably, in aqueous lung fluid (if
data is available) and
路 have a low toxicity (i.e.. are not cytotoxic, genotoxic, or otherwise chemically
reactive with lung tissue, and do not emit ionizing radiation, cause immune sensitization
, or cause toxic effects other than by inflammation or by a mechanism of lung overload).
FLUORENE:
PHENANTHRENE:
BIPHENYL:
IDLH Value: 100 mg/m3
Odour Threshold Value: 0.0095 ppm
In establishing a TLV-TWA reliance has been placed upon the responses of
the most susceptible animal species, the mouse, which shows respiratory
difficulty following repeated inhalation exposure at 5 mg/m3 (about 1 ppm).
TOLUENE:
Odour Threshold Value: 0.16-6.7 (detection), 1.9-69 (recognition)
NOTE: Detector tubes measuring in excess of 5 ppm, are available.
High concentrations of toluene in the air produce depression of the
central nervous system (CNS) in humans. Intentional toluene exposure
(glue-sniffing) at maternally-intoxicating concentration has also produced
birth defects. Foetotoxicity appears at levels associated with CNS
narcosis and probably occurs only in those with chronic toluene-induced
kidney failure. Exposure at or below the recommended TLV-TWA is thought
to prevent transient headache and irritation, to provide a measure of
safety for possible disturbances to human reproduction, the prevention of
reductions in cognitive responses reported amongst humans inhaling
greater than 40 ppm, and the significant risks of hepatotoxic, behavioural
and nervous system effects (including impaired reaction time and
incoordination). Although toluene/ethanol interactions are well
recognised, the degree of protection afforded by the TLV-TWA among
drinkers is not known.
P-XYLENE:
Sensory irritants are chemicals that produce temporary and undesirable side-effects on
the eyes, nose or throat. Historically occupational exposure standards for these
irritants have been based on observation of workers' responses to various airborne
concentrations. Present day expectations require that nearly every individual should be
protected against even minor sensory irritation and exposure standards are established
SOLVENT 30 (IKON 30)
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 28-Mar-2003 CHEMWATCH 4067-99
NC317TCP Version No:2.0
CD 2007/3 Page 11 of 26
Section 8 - EXPOSURE CONTROLS / PERSONAL PROTECTION
using uncertainty factors or safety factors of 5 to 10 or more. On occasion animal no
-observable-effect-levels (NOEL) are used to determine these limits where human results
are unavailable. An additional approach, typically used by the TLV committee (USA) in
determining respiratory standards for this group of chemicals, has been to assign ceiling
values (TLV C) to rapidly acting irritants and to assign short-term exposure limits (TLV
STELs) when the weight of evidence from irritation, bioaccumulation and other endpoints
combine to warrant such a limit. In contrast the MAK Commission (Germany) uses a five
-category system based on intensive odour, local irritation, and elimination half-life.
However this system is being replaced to be consistent with the European Union (EU)
Scientific Committee for Occupational Exposure Limits (SCOEL); this is more closely
allied to that of the USA.
OSHA (USA) concluded that exposure to sensory irritants can:
路 cause inflammation
路 cause increased susceptibility to other irritants and infectious agents
路 lead to permanent injury or dysfunction
路 permit greater absorption of hazardous substances and
路 acclimate the worker to the irritant warning properties of these substances thus
increasing the risk of overexposure.
ETHYLBENZENE:
Odour Threshold Value: 0.46-0.60 ppm
NOTE: Detector tubes for ethylbenzene, measuring in excess of 30 ppm, are
commercially available.
Ethyl benzene produces irritation of the skin and mucous membranes and
appears to produce acute and chronic effects on the central nervous
system. Animal experiments also suggest the effects of chronic exposure
include damage to the liver, kidneys and testes. In spite of structural
similarities to benzene, the material does not appear to cause damage to
the haemopoietic system. The TLV-TWA is thought to be protective against
skin and eye irritation. Exposure at this concentration probably will not
result in systemic effects.
Subjects exposed at 200 ppm experienced transient irritation of the eyes;
at 1000 ppm there was eye irritation with profuse lachrymation; at 200 ppm
eye irritation and lachrymation were immediate and severe accompanied by
moderate nasal irritation, constriction in the chest and vertigo;
at 5000 ppm exposure produced intolerable irritation of the eyes and
throat.
BENZENE:
Odour Threshold Value: 34 ppm (detection), 97 ppm (recognition)
NOTE: Detector tubes for benzene, measuring in excess of 0.5 ppm, are commercially
available. The relative quality of epidemiological data and quantitative health risk
assessments related to documented and theoretical leukaemic deaths constitute the basis
of the TLV-recommendation.
One study [Dow Chemical] demonstrates a significant fourfold increase in myelogenous
leukaemia for workers exposed to average benzene concentrations of about 5 ppm for an
average of 9 years and that 2 out of four individuals in the study who died from
leukaemia were characterised as having been exposed to average benzene levels below 2
ppm. Based on such findings the estimated risk of leukaemia in workers exposed at daily
benzene concentrations of 10 ppm for 40 years is 155 times that of unexposed workers; at
1 ppm the risk falls to 1.7 times whilst at 0.1 ppm the risk is about the same in the two
groups. A revision of the TLV-TWA to 0.1 ppm was proposed in 1990 but this has been
revised upwards as result of industry initiatives.
Typical toxicities displayed following inhalation:
路 At 25 ppm (8 hours): no effect
路 50-150 ppm : signs of intoxication within 5 hours
路 500-1500 ppm : signs of intoxication within 1 hour
路 7500 ppm : severe intoxication within 30-60 minutes
路 20000 ppm : fatal within 5-10 minutes
SOLVENT 30 (IKON 30)
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 28-Mar-2003 CHEMWATCH 4067-99
NC317TCP Version No:2.0
CD 2007/3 Page 12 of 26
Section 8 - EXPOSURE CONTROLS / PERSONAL PROTECTION
Some jurisdictions require that health surveillance be conducted on occupationally
exposed workers. Some surveillance should emphasise (i) demography, occupational and
medical history and health advice
(ii) baseline blood sample for haematological profile (iii) records of personal
exposure.
PHENANTHRENE:
OSHA PEL TWA (8 hr): 0.2 mg/kg
PERSONAL PROTECTION
EYE
路 Safety glasses with side shields; or as required,
路 Chemical goggles.
路 Contact lenses may pose a special hazard; soft contact lenses may absorb and
concentrate irritants. A written policy document, describing the wearing of lens or
restrictions on use, should be created for each workplace or task. This should include a
review of lens absorption and adsorption for the class of chemicals in use and an account
of injury experience. Medical and first-aid personnel should be trained in their removal
and suitable equipment should be readily available. In the event of chemical exposure,
begin eye irrigation immediately and remove contact lens as soon as practicable. Lens
should be removed at the first signs of eye redness or irritation - lens should be
removed in a clean environment only after workers have washed hands thoroughly. [CDC
NIOSH Current Intelligence Bulletin 59].
HANDS/FEET
路 Barrier cream with polyethylene gloves.
Wear chemical protective gloves, eg. PVC.
Wear safety footwear.
DO NOT use this product to clean the skin.
OTHER
路 Overalls.
路 Eyewash unit.
RESPIRATOR
Selection of the Class and Type of respirator will depend upon the level of breathing
zone contaminant and the chemical nature of the contaminant. Protection Factors (defined
as the ratio of contaminant outside and inside the mask) may also be important.
Breathing Zone Level Maximum Protection Half- face Respirator Full- Face Respirator
ppm (volume) Factor
1000 10 A- AUS P -
1000 50 - A- AUS P
5000 50 Airline * -
5000 100 - A- 2 P
10000 100 - A- 3 P
100+ Airline**
* - Continuous Flow ** - Continuous-flow or positive pressure demand.
SOLVENT 30 (IKON 30)
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 28-Mar-2003 CHEMWATCH 4067-99
NC317TCP Version No:2.0
CD 2007/3 Page 13 of 26
Section 8 - EXPOSURE CONTROLS / PERSONAL PROTECTION
The local concentration of material, quantity and conditions of use determine the type of
personal protective equipment required.
For further information consult site specific
CHEMWATCH data (if available), or your
Occupational Health and Safety Advisor.
ENGINEERING CONTROLS
Use in a well-ventilated area.
General exhaust is adequate under normal operating conditions. Local exhaust ventilation
may be required in specific circumstances. If risk of overexposure exists, wear approved
respirator. Correct fit is essential to obtain adequate protection. Provide adequate
ventilation in warehouse or closed storage areas. Air contaminants generated in the
workplace possess varying "escape" velocities which, in turn, determine the "capture
velocities" of fresh circulating air required to effectively remove the contaminant.
Type of Contaminant: Air Speed:
solvent, vapours, degreasing etc., evaporating 0.25- 0.5 m/s (50- 100 f/min)
from tank (in still air).
aerosols, fumes from pouring operations, 0.5- 1 m/s (100- 200 f/min.)
intermittent container filling, low speed
conveyer transfers, welding, spray drift,
plating acid fumes, pickling (released at low
velocity into zone of active generation)
direct spray, spray painting in shallow booths, 1- 2.5 m/s (200- 500 f/min.)
drum filling, conveyer loading, crusher dusts,
gas discharge (active generation into zone of
rapid air motion)
grinding, abrasive blasting, tumbling, high 2.5- 10 m/s (500- 2000 f/min.)
speed wheel generated dusts (released at high
initial velocity into zone of very high rapid
air motion).
Within each range the appropriate value depends on:
Lower end of the range Upper end of the range
1: Room air currents minimal or favourable to 1: Disturbing room air currents
capture
2: Contaminants of low toxicity or of nuisance 2: Contaminants of high toxicity
value only.
3: Intermittent, low production. 3: High production, heavy use
4: Large hood or large air mass in motion 4: Small hood- local control only
Simple theory shows that air velocity falls rapidly with distance away from the opening
of a simple extraction pipe. Velocity generally decreases with the square of distance
from the extraction point (in simple cases). Therefore the air speed at the extraction
point should be adjusted, accordingly, after reference to distance from the contaminating
source. The air velocity at the extraction fan, for example, should be a minimum of 1-2
m/s (200-400 f/min) for extraction of solvents generated in a tank 2 meters distant from
the extraction point. Other mechanical considerations, producing performance deficits
within the extraction apparatus, make it essential that theoretical air velocities are
multiplied by factors of 10 or more when extraction systems are installed or used.
SOLVENT 30 (IKON 30)
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 28-Mar-2003 CHEMWATCH 4067-99
NC317TCP Version No:2.0
CD 2007/3 Page 14 of 26
Section 9 - PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
APPEARANCE
Colourless liquid with sweet aromatic odour; does not mix well with water.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Liquid.
Does not mix with water.
Floats on water.
Molecular Weight: Not applicable Boiling Range (掳C): Not available
Melting Range (掳C): Not applicable Specific Gravity (water=1): 0.97
Solubility in water (g/L): Immiscible pH (as supplied): Not applicable
pH (1% solution): Not applicable Vapour Pressure (kPa): Not available
Volatile Component (%vol): 100 Evaporation Rate: Fast
Relative Vapour Density (air=1): >1 Flash Point (掳C): <37.7
Lower Explosive Limit (%): Not available Upper Explosive Limit (%): Not available
Autoignition Temp (掳C): Not available Decomposition Temp (掳C): Not available
State: Liquid
Section 10 - CHEMICAL STABILITY AND REACTIVITY INFORMATION
CONDITIONS CONTRIBUTING TO INSTABILITY
路 Presence of incompatible materials.
路 Product is considered stable.
路 Hazardous polymerisation will not occur.
Section 11 - TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
POTENTIAL HEALTH EFFECTS
ACUTE HEALTH EFFECTS
SWALLOWED
Considered an unlikely route of entry in commercial/industrial environments. The liquid
may produce gastrointestinal discomfort and may be harmful if swallowed. Ingestion may
result in nausea, pain and vomiting. Vomit entering the lungs by aspiration may cause
potentially lethal chemical pneumonitis.
The material may be mildly discomforting to the gastro-intestinal tract and may be
harmful if swallowed in large quantity.
GOSSELIN, SMITH & HODGE: Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products, 5th Ed.
EYE
The liquid may produce eye discomfort and is capable of causing temporary impairment of
vision and/or transient eye inflammation, ulceration.
The vapour is. discomforting to the eyes.
Direct eye contact with petroleum hydrocarbons can be painful, and the corneal epithelium
may be temporarily damaged. Aromatic species can cause irritation and excessive tear
secretion.
The material may produce severe irritation to the eye causing pronounced inflammation.
Repeated or prolonged exposure to irritants may produce conjunctivitis.
SKIN
The liquid may produce skin discomfort following prolonged contact. Defatting and/or
drying of the skin may lead to dermatitis.
SOLVENT 30 (IKON 30)
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 28-Mar-2003 CHEMWATCH 4067-99
NC317TCP Version No:2.0
CD 2007/3 Page 15 of 26
Section 11 - TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
Toxic effects may result from skin absorption.
The material may accentuate any pre-existing skin condition.
Bare unprotected skin should not be exposed to this material.
The material may cause skin irritation after prolonged or repeated exposure and may
produce on contact skin redness, swelling, the production of vesicles, scaling and
thickening of the skin.
INHALED
The vapour is discomforting to the upper respiratory tract and may be toxic.
Inhalation hazard is increased at higher temperatures.
Inhalation of high concentrations of gas/vapour causes lung irritation with coughing and
nausea, central nervous depression with headache and dizziness, slowing of reflexes,
fatigue and inco-ordination.
If exposure to highly concentrated solvent atmosphere is prolonged this may lead to
narcosis, unconsciousness, even coma and possible death.
Inhaling high concentrations of mixed hydrocarbons can cause narcosis, with nausea,
vomiting and lightheadedness. Low molecular weight (C2-C12) hydrocarbons can irritate
mucous membranes and cause incoordination, giddiness, nausea, vertigo, confusion,
headache, appetite loss, drowsiness, tremors and stupor. Massive exposures can lead to
severe central nervous system depression, deep coma and death. Convulsions can occur due
to brain irritation and/or lack of oxygen. Permanent scarring may occur, with epileptic
seizures and brain bleeds occurring months after exposure. Respiratory system effects
include inflammation of the lungs with oedema and bleeding. Lighter species mainly cause
kidney and nerve damage; the heavier paraffins and olefins are especially irritant to the
respiratory system. Alkenes produce pulmonary oedema at high concentrations. Liquid
paraffins may produce sensation loss and depressant actions leading to weakness,
dizziness, slow and shallow respiration, unconsciousness, convulsions and death. C5-7
paraffins may also produce multiple nerve damage. Aromatic hydrocarbons accumulate in
lipid rich tissues (typically the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves) and may
produce functional impairment manifested by nonspecific symptoms such as nausea, weakness
, fatigue, vertigo; severe exposures may produce inebriation or unconsciousness. Many of
the petroleum hydrocarbons can sensitise the heart and may cause ventricular fibrillation
, leading to death.
CHRONIC HEALTH EFFECTS
Principal routes of exposure are usually by inhalation of vapour and skin
contact/absorption.
Prolonged or continuous skin contact with the liquid may cause defatting with drying,
cracking, irritation and dermatitis following.
Chronic solvent inhalation exposures may result in nervous system impairment and liver
and blood changes. [PATTYS].
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are found in a number of materials such as coal tar,
tobacco smoke, petroleum and air pollution. Some substituted derivatives have been
identified as extremely liable to cause cancer, especially that of the lung and genito
-urinary tract. Some jurisdictions required that health surveillance be conducted on
workers occupationally exposed to PHAs.
TOXICITY AND IRRITATION
None assigned. Refer to individual constituents.
BIPHENYL:
unless otherwise specified data extracted from RTECS - Register of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances.
TOXICITY IRRITATION
Oral (rat) LD50: 2400 mg/kg Eye (rabbit): 100 mg - Mild
Subcutaneous (rat) LD50: 3150 mg/kg
Dermal (rabbit) LD50: >5010 mg/kg
Neoplastic by RTECS criteria.
TOLUENE:
unless otherwise specified data extracted from RTECS - Register of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances.
SOLVENT 30 (IKON 30)
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 28-Mar-2003 CHEMWATCH 4067-99
NC317TCP Version No:2.0
CD 2007/3 Page 16 of 26
Section 11 - TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
TOXICITY IRRITATION
Oral (human) LDLo: 50 mg/kg Skin (rabbit):20 mg/24h- Moderate
Oral (rat) LD50: 636 mg/kg Skin (rabbit):500 mg - Moderate
Inhalation (human) TCLo: 100 ppm Eye (rabbit):0.87 mg - Mild
Inhalation (man) TCLo: 200 ppm Eye (rabbit): 2mg/24h - SEVERE
Inhalation (rat) LC50: >26700 ppm/1h Eye (rabbit):100 mg/30sec - Mild
Dermal (rabbit) LD50: 12124 mg/kg
The material may cause skin irritation after prolonged or repeated exposure and may
produce on contact skin redness, swelling, the production of vesicles, scaling and
thickening of the skin.
P-XYLENE:
unless otherwise specified data extracted from RTECS - Register of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances.
TOXICITY IRRITATION
Oral (rat) LD50: 5000 mg/kg Nil Reported
Inhalation (rat) LC50: 4550 ppm/4h
ETHYLBENZENE:
unless otherwise specified data extracted from RTECS - Register of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances.
TOXICITY IRRITATION
Oral (rat) LD50: 3500 mg/kg Skin (rabbit): 15 mg/24h Mild
Inhalation (human) TCLo: 100 ppm/8h Eye (rabbit): 500 mg - SEVERE
Inhalation (rat) LCLo: 4000 ppm/4h
Intraperitoneal (mouse) LD50: 2642 mg/kg
Dermal (rabbit) LD50: 17800 mg/kg
Liver changes, utheral tract, effects on fertility, foetotoxicity,
specific developmental abnormalities (musculoskeletal system) recorded.
NOTE: Substance has been shown to be mutagenic in at least one assay, or belongs to a
family of chemicals producing damage or change to cellular DNA.
WARNING: This substance has been classified by the IARC as Group 2B: Possibly
Carcinogenic to Humans.
BENZENE:
unless otherwise specified data extracted from RTECS - Register of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances.
TOXICITY IRRITATION
Oral (man) LDLo: 50 mg/kg SKIN (RABBIT):20 MG/24H - Moderate
Oral (rat) LD50: 930 mg/kg Eye (rabbit): 2 mg/24h - SEVERE
Inhalation (rat) LC50: 10000 ppm/7h
Inhalation (human) LCLo: 2000 ppm/5m
Inhalation (man) TCLo: 150 ppm/1y - I
Inhalation (human) TCLo: 100 ppm
FLUORENE:
unless otherwise specified data extracted from RTECS - Register of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances.
TOXICITY IRRITATION
Intraperitoneal (mouse) LD50: 2000 mg/kg Nil Reported
Parenteral (mouse) LD50: >2000 mg/kg
The substance is classified by IARC as Group 3:
NOT classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans.
Evidence of carcinogenicity may be inadequate or limited in animal testing.
PHENANTHRENE:
unless otherwise specified data extracted from RTECS - Register of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances.
TOXICITY IRRITATION
Oral (mouse) LD50: 700 mg/kg Nil Reported
Intraperitoneal (mouse) LD50: 700 mg/kg
Intravenous (mouse) LD50: 56 mg/kg
Tumors at site of application.
Neoplastic and tumorigenic by RTECS criteria.
NOTE: Substance has been shown to be mutagenic in at least one assay, or belongs to a
SOLVENT 30 (IKON 30)
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 28-Mar-2003 CHEMWATCH 4067-99
NC317TCP Version No:2.0
CD 2007/3 Page 17 of 26
Section 11 - TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
family of chemicals producing damage or change to cellular DNA.
The substance is classified by IARC as Group 3:
NOT classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans.
Evidence of carcinogenicity may be inadequate or limited in animal testing.
MATERIAL CARCINOGEN REPROTOXIN SENSITISER SKIN
_______________ ____________ __________ __________ __________
toluene IARC:3 ILOEl
p- xylene IARC:3 ILOEl
ethylbenzene IARC:2B
benzene ANMRCSCS IARC:1 ILOEl
AOHS NOHSC NTPA
fluorene IARC:3
phenanthrene IARC:3
CARCINOGEN
IARC: International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Carcinogens: toluene Category:
3
REPROTOXIN
ILOEl: ILO Chemicals in the electronics industry that have toxic effects on
reproduction: toluene
CARCINOGEN
IARC: International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Carcinogens: p-xylene
Category: 3
REPROTOXIN
ILOEl: ILO Chemicals in the electronics industry that have toxic effects on
reproduction: p-xylene
CARCINOGEN
IARC: International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Carcinogens: ethylbenzene
Category: 2B
CARCINOGEN
ANMRCSCS: Australia Occupational Health and Safety (Commonwealth Employment) (National
Standards) Regulations 1994 - Scheduled Carcinogenic Substance: benzene Category:
CARCINOGEN
IARC: International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Carcinogens: benzene Category:
1
CARCINOGEN
AOHS: Australia Occupational Health and Safety (Commonwealth Employment) (National
Standards) Regulations 1994 - Scheduled Carcinogenic Substance: benzene
Circumstance: When contained in a feedstock containing more than 50% of benzene by
volume
CARCINOGEN
NOHSC: Australia Exposure Standards - Carcinogens: benzene
Carcinogen Category: 1
CARCINOGEN
NTPA: US National Toxicology Program (NTP) 11th Report Part A Known to be Human
Carcinogens: benzene Category:
REPROTOXIN
ILOEl: ILO Chemicals in the electronics industry that have toxic effects on
reproduction: benzene
CARCINOGEN
IARC: International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Carcinogens: fluorene
Category: 3
CARCINOGEN
IARC: International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Carcinogens: phenanthrene
Category: 3
SOLVENT 30 (IKON 30)
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 28-Mar-2003 CHEMWATCH 4067-99
NC317TCP Version No:2.0
CD 2007/3 Page 18 of 26
Section 12 - ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
Marine Pollutant:Not Determined
No data for (C9-16)biphenyls.
Refer to data for ingredients, which follows:
BIPHENYL:
Hazardous Air Pollutant: Yes
log Kow (Sangster 1997): 3.98
Half- life Soil - High (hours): 168
Half- life Soil - Low (hours): 36
Half- life Air - High (hours): 110
Half- life Air - Low (hours): 7.8
Half- life Surface water - High (hours): 168
Half- life Surface water - Low (hours): 36
Half- life Ground water - High (hours): 336
Half- life Ground water - Low (hours): 72
Aqueous biodegradation - Aerobic - High (hours): 168
Aqueous biodegradation - Aerobic - Low (hours): 36
Aqueous biodegradation - Anaerobic - High (hours): 672
Aqueous biodegradation - Anaerobic - Low (hours): 144
Aqueous biodegradation - Removal secondary treatment - High (hours): 74%
Photolysis maximum light absorption - High (nano- m): 264
Photolysis maximum light absorption - Low (nano- m): 247
Photooxidation half- life air - High (hours): 110
Photooxidation half- life air - Low (hours): 7.8
log Kow: 3.16-4.09
log Koc: 3.15-4.04
Half-life (hr) H2O surface water: 7.52-36
Henry's Pa m鲁 /mol: 13.68-69.37
Henry's atm m鲁 /mol: -4.81
BOD 5 if unstated: 1.08
ThOD: 3.01
BCF: 438-2458
Log BCF: 2.1-3.12
Toxicity Fish: LC50(96)25.76mg/L
Toxicity invertebrate: LC50(48)50-58mg/L
TOLUENE:
Hazardous Air Pollutant: Yes
Fish LC50 (96hr.) (mg/l): 7.3- 22.8
BCF<100: 13.2 (EELS
log Kow (Sangster 1997): 2.73
log Pow (Verschueren 1983): 2.69
BOD5: 5%
COD: 21%
ThOD: 3.13
Half- life Soil - High (hours): 528
Half- life Soil - Low (hours): 96
Half- life Air - High (hours): 104
Half- life Air - Low (hours): 10
Half- life Surface water - High (hours): 528
Half- life Surface water - Low (hours): 96
Half- life Ground water - High (hours): 672
Half- life Ground water - Low (hours): 168
Aqueous biodegradation - Aerobic - High (hours): 528
Aqueous biodegradation - Aerobic - Low (hours): 96
Aqueous biodegradation - Anaerobic - High (hours): 5040
Aqueous biodegradation - Anaerobic - Low (hours): 1344
SOLVENT 30 (IKON 30)
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 28-Mar-2003 CHEMWATCH 4067-99
NC317TCP Version No:2.0
CD 2007/3 Page 19 of 26
Section 12 - ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
Aqueous biodegradation - Removal secondary treatment - High (hours): 75%
Photolysis maximum light absorption - High (nano- m): 268
Photolysis maximum light absorption - Low (nano- m): 253.5
Photooxidation half- life water - High (hours): 1284
Photooxidation half- life water - Low (hours): 321
Photooxidation half- life air - High (hours): 104
Photooxidation half- life air - Low (hours): 10
The lower molecular weight hydrocarbons are expected to form a "slick" on the surface of
waters after release in calm sea conditions. This is expected to evaporate and enter the
atmosphere where it will be degraded through reaction with hydroxy radicals.
Some of the material will become associated with benthic sediments, and it is likely to
be spread over a fairly wide area of sea floor. Marine sediments may be either aerobic or
anaerobic. The material, in probability, is biodegradable, under aerobic conditions
(isomerised olefins and alkenes show variable results). Evidence also suggests that the
hydrocarbons may be degradable under anaerobic conditions although such degradation in
benthic sediments may be a relatively slow process.
Under aerobic conditions the material will degrade to water and carbon dioxide, while
under anaerobic processes it will produce water, methane and carbon dioxide.
Based on test results, as well as theoretical considerations, the potential for
bioaccumulation may be high. Toxic effects are often observed in species such as blue
mussel, daphnia, freshwater green algae, marine copepods and amphipods.
DO NOT discharge into sewer or waterways.
log Kow: 2.1-3
log Koc: 1.12-2.85
Koc: 37-250
log Kom: 1.39-2.89
Half-life (hr) air: 2.4-104
Half-life (hr) H2O surface water: 5.55-528
Half-life (hr) H2O ground: 168-2628
Half-life (hr) soil: <48-240
Henry's Pa m鲁 /mol: 518-694
Henry's atm m鲁 /mol: 5.94E-03
BOD 5 if unstated: 0.86-2.12,5%
COD: 0.7-2.52,21-27%
ThOD: 3.13
BCF: 1.67-380
Log BCF: 0.22-3.28
P-XYLENE:
Hazardous Air Pollutant: Yes
Fish LC50 (96hr.) (mg/l): 22
Daphnia magna EC50 (48hr.) (mg/l): 2
log Kow (Prager 1995): 3.15
log Kow (Sangster 1997): 3.15
log Pow (Verschueren 1983): 3.15
BOD5: 1.40 (1%)
COD: 2.56 (13%)
ThOD: 3.125
Half- life Soil - High (hours): 672
Half- life Soil - Low (hours): 168
Half- life Air - High (hours): 42
Half- life Air - Low (hours): 4.2
Half- life Surface water - High (hours): 672
Half- life Surface water - Low (hours): 168
Half- life Ground water - High (hours): 8640
Half- life Ground water - Low (hours): 336
SOLVENT 30 (IKON 30)
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 28-Mar-2003 CHEMWATCH 4067-99
NC317TCP Version No:2.0
CD 2007/3 Page 20 of 26
Section 12 - ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
Aqueous biodegradation - Aerobic - High (hours): 672
Aqueous biodegradation - Aerobic - Low (hours): 168
Aqueous biodegradation - Anaerobic - High (hours): 2688
Aqueous biodegradation - Anaerobic - Low (hours): 672
Photolysis maximum light absorption - High (nano- m): 274.5
Photolysis maximum light absorption - Low (nano- m): 211.5
Photooxidation half- life water - High (hours): 1.40E+08
Photooxidation half- life water - Low (hours): 2.80E+06
Photooxidation half- life air - High (hours): 42
Photooxidation half- life air - Low (hours): 4.2
The lower molecular weight hydrocarbons are expected to form a "slick" on the surface of
waters after release in calm sea conditions. This is expected to evaporate and enter the
atmosphere where it will be degraded through reaction with hydroxy radicals.
Some of the material will become associated with benthic sediments, and it is likely to
be spread over a fairly wide area of sea floor. Marine sediments may be either aerobic or
anaerobic. The material, in probability, is biodegradable, under aerobic conditions
(isomerised olefins and alkenes show variable results). Evidence also suggests that the
hydrocarbons may be degradable under anaerobic conditions although such degradation in
benthic sediments may be a relatively slow process.
Under aerobic conditions the material will degrade to water and carbon dioxide, while
under anaerobic processes it will produce water, methane and carbon dioxide.
Based on test results, as well as theoretical considerations, the potential for
bioaccumulation may be high. Toxic effects are often observed in species such as blue
mussel, daphnia, freshwater green algae, marine copepods and amphipods.
DO NOT discharge into sewer or waterways.
The material is classified as an ecotoxin* because the Fish LC50 (96 hours) is less than
or equal to 0.1 mg/l
* Classification of Substances as Ecotoxic (Dangerous to the Environment)
Appendix 8, Table 1
Compiler's Guide for the Preparation of International Chemical Safety Cards: 1993
Commission of the European Communities.
log Koc: 2.05-3.08
Koc: 25.4-204
Half-life (hr) air: 0.24-42
Half-life (hr) H2O surface water: 24-672
Half-life (hr) H2O ground: 336-8640
Half-life (hr) soil: 52-672
Henry's Pa m鲁 /mol: 637-879
Henry's atm m鲁 /mol: 7.68E-03
BOD 5 if unstated: 1.4,1%
COD: 2.56,13%
ThOD: 3.125
BCF: 23
Log BCF: 1.17-2.41
Toxicity Fish: LC50(96)9.2ppm
Toxicity invertebrate: LC50(96)3.7mg/L
Bioacculmulation: not sig
Degradation Biological: sig
processes Abiotic: no hydrol,some oxid,RxnOH*
ETHYLBENZENE:
Hazardous Air Pollutant: Yes
Fish LC50 (96hr.) (mg/l): 32.0- 97.1
Algae IC50 (72hr.) (mg/l): 33- 160
Water solubility (g/l): 2.16
SOLVENT 30 (IKON 30)
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 28-Mar-2003 CHEMWATCH 4067-99
NC317TCP Version No:2.0
CD 2007/3 Page 21 of 26
Section 12 - ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
log Kow (Prager 1995): 3.15
log Kow (Sangster 1997): 3.15
log Pow (Verschueren 1983): 3.15
ThOD: 3.17
Half- life Soil - High (hours): 240
Half- life Soil - Low (hours): 72
Half- life Air - High (hours): 85.6
Half- life Air - Low (hours): 8.56
Half- life Surface water - High (hours): 240
Half- life Surface water - Low (hours): 72
Half- life Ground water - High (hours): 5472
Half- life Ground water - Low (hours): 144
Aqueous biodegradation - Aerobic - High (hours): 240
Aqueous biodegradation - Aerobic - Low (hours): 72
Aqueous biodegradation - Anaerobic - High (hours): 5472
Aqueous biodegradation - Anaerobic - Low (hours): 4224
Aqueous biodegradation - Removal secondary treatment - High (hours): 95%
Aqueous biodegradation - Removal secondary treatment - Low (hours): 72%
Photolysis maximum light absorption - High (nano- m): 269.5
Photolysis maximum light absorption - Low (nano- m): 208
Photooxidation half- life air - High (hours): 85.6
Photooxidation half- life air - Low (hours): 8.56
The material is classified as an ecotoxin* because the Fish LC50 (96 hours) is less than
or equal to 0.1 mg/l
* Classification of Substances as Ecotoxic (Dangerous to the Environment)
Appendix 8, Table 1
Compiler's Guide for the Preparation of International Chemical Safety Cards: 1993
Commission of the European Communities.
log Koc: 1.98-3.04
Koc: 164
log Kom: 1.73-3.23
Half-life (hr) air: 0.24-85.6
Half-life (hr) H2O surface water: 5-240
Half-life (hr) H2O ground: 144-5472
Half-life (hr) soil: 72-240
Henry's Pa m鲁 /mol: 748-887
Henry's atm m鲁 /mol: 8.44E-03
ThOD: 3.17
BCF: 3.15-146
Log BCF: 1.19-2.67
BENZENE:
Hazardous Air Pollutant: Yes
Fish LC50 (96hr.) (mg/l): 32
BCF<100: 24
log Kow (Prager 1995): 2.31
log Kow (Sangster 1997): 2.13
log Pow (Verschueren 1983): 2.13
Half- life Soil - High (hours): 384
Half- life Soil - Low (hours): 120
Half- life Air - High (hours): 501
Half- life Air - Low (hours): 50.1
Half- life Surface water - High (hours): 384
Half- life Surface water - Low (hours): 120
Half- life Ground water - High (hours): 17280
Half- life Ground water - Low (hours): 240
Aqueous biodegradation - Aerobic - High (hours): 384
Aqueous biodegradation - Aerobic - Low (hours): 120
SOLVENT 30 (IKON 30)
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 28-Mar-2003 CHEMWATCH 4067-99
NC317TCP Version No:2.0
CD 2007/3 Page 22 of 26
Section 12 - ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
Aqueous biodegradation - Anaerobic - High (hours): 17280
Aqueous biodegradation - Anaerobic - Low (hours): 2688
Aqueous biodegradation - Removal secondary treatment - High (hours): 100%
Aqueous biodegradation - Removal secondary treatment - Low (hours): 44%
Aqueous photolysis half- life - High (hours): 16152
Aqueous photolysis half- life - Low (hours): 2808
Photolysis maximum light absorption - High (nano- m): 268
Photolysis maximum light absorption - Low (nano- m): 239
Aqueous photolysis half- life - High (hours): 16152
Aqueous photolysis half- life - Low (hours): 2808
Photooxidation half- life water - High (hours): 3.20E+05
Photooxidation half- life water - Low (hours): 8021
Photooxidation half- life air - High (hours): 501
Photooxidation half- life air - Low (hours): 50.1
The lower molecular weight hydrocarbons are expected to form a "slick" on the surface of
waters after release in calm sea conditions. This is expected to evaporate and enter the
atmosphere where it will be degraded through reaction with hydroxy radicals.
Some of the material will become associated with benthic sediments, and it is likely to
be spread over a fairly wide area of sea floor. Marine sediments may be either aerobic or
anaerobic. The material, in probability, is biodegradable, under aerobic conditions
(isomerised olefins and alkenes show variable results). Evidence also suggests that the
hydrocarbons may be degradable under anaerobic conditions although such degradation in
benthic sediments may be a relatively slow process.
Under aerobic conditions the material will degrade to water and carbon dioxide, while
under anaerobic processes it will produce water, methane and carbon dioxide.
Based on test results, as well as theoretical considerations, the potential for
bioaccumulation may be high. Toxic effects are often observed in species such as blue
mussel, daphnia, freshwater green algae, marine copepods and amphipods.
Drinking Water Standards:
hydrocarbon total: 10 ug/l (UK max.).
DO NOT discharge into sewer or waterways.
log Kow: 1.95-2.15
log Koc: 1.7-2
Koc: 98
log Kom: 1.04-2.56
Half-life (hr) air: 2.4-501
Half-life (hr) H2O surface water: 4.81-384
Half-life (hr) H2O ground: 240-17280
Half-life (hr) soil: 48-922
Henry's Pa m鲁 /mol: 441-595
Henry's atm m鲁 /mol: 5.43E-03
BOD 5 if unstated: 2.18
COD: 0.25-2.8
ThOD: 3.1
BCF: 3.5-3.9
Log BCF: 0.54-1.48
Toxicity Fish: LC50(96)9.5-386mg/L
Toxicity invertebrate: cell mult. inhib.92-#90etox1700mg/L
Nitrif. inhib.: nil at 500mg/L
Anaerobic effects: slow degrad
Effects on algae and plankton: cell mult. inhib. >1400mg/L
Degradation Biological: slow
processes Abiotic: little photol,Rxn OH*,no hydrol
If benzene is released to the atmosphere it remains predominantly in the
vapour phase.
Vapour phase benzene is not subject to direct photolysis but reacts with
SOLVENT 30 (IKON 30)
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 28-Mar-2003 CHEMWATCH 4067-99
NC317TCP Version No:2.0
CD 2007/3 Page 23 of 26
Section 12 - ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals (half-life approximately
13.4 days). Reaction time in polluted atmospheres which contain nitrogen
oxide (NO) or sulfur dioxide (SO2) is accelerated (half-life 4-6 hours);
products of photooxidation include phenol, nitrophenols, nitrobenzene,
formic acid and peroxyacetyl nitrates.
In water, benzene is rapidly volatilised (half-life 2.7 hours).
In soil benzene undergoes rapid volatilisation; it is not absorbed,
to any appreciable degree, by sediments.
Benzene does not bioaccumulate in the food chain.
Drinking Water Standards:
hydrocarbon total: 10 ug/l (UK max.)
benzene: 10 ug/l (WHO guideline)
Soil Guidelines: Dutch Criteria:
0.05 mg/kg (detection limit) target
1 mg/kg (intervention)
Air Quality Standards:
1 ppb averaging time 1 year (UK)
No safe level recommended due to carcinogenic properties (WHO Guideline)
FLUORENE:
Fish LC50 (96hr.) (mg/l): 1
log Kow (Sangster 1997): 4.18
Half- life Soil - High (hours): 1440
Half- life Soil - Low (hours): 768
Half- life Air - High (hours): 68.1
Half- life Air - Low (hours): 6.81
Half- life Surface water - High (hours): 1440
Half- life Surface water - Low (hours): 768
Half- life Ground water - High (hours): 2880
Half- life Ground water - Low (hours): 1536
Aqueous biodegradation - Aerobic - High (hours): 1440
Aqueous biodegradation - Aerobic - Low (hours): 768
Aqueous biodegradation - Anaerobic - High (hours): 5760
Aqueous biodegradation - Anaerobic - Low (hours): 3072
Aqueous biodegradation - Removal secondary treatment - High (hours): 44%
Photolysis maximum light absorption - High (nano- m): 301
Photolysis maximum light absorption - Low (nano- m): 208
Photooxidation half- life air - High (hours): 68.1
Photooxidation half- life air - Low (hours): 6.81
PHENANTHRENE:
Fish LC50 (96hr.) (mg/l): 0.6
Daphnia magna EC50 (48hr.) (mg/l): 8000
log Kow (Prager 1995): 4.57
log Kow (Sangster 1997): 4.52
log Pow (Verschueren 1983): 4.46
Half- life Soil - High (hours): 4800
Half- life Soil - Low (hours): 384
Half- life Air - High (hours): 20.1
Half- life Air - Low (hours): 2.01
Half- life Surface water - High (hours): 25
Half- life Surface water - Low (hours): 3
Half- life Ground water - High (hours): 9600
Half- life Ground water - Low (hours): 768
Aqueous biodegradation - Aerobic - High (hours): 4800
Aqueous biodegradation - Aerobic - Low (hours): 384
Aqueous biodegradation - Anaerobic - High (hours): 19200
Aqueous biodegradation - Anaerobic - Low (hours): 1536
Aqueous biodegradation - Removal secondary treatment - High (hours): 37%
Aqueous photolysis half- life - High (hours): 25
SOLVENT 30 (IKON 30)
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 28-Mar-2003 CHEMWATCH 4067-99
NC317TCP Version No:2.0
CD 2007/3 Page 24 of 26
Section 12 - ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
Aqueous photolysis half- life - Low (hours): 3
Photolysis maximum light absorption - High (nano- m): 345
Photolysis maximum light absorption - Low (nano- m): 210
Aqueous photolysis half- life - High (hours): 25
Aqueous photolysis half- life - Low (hours): 3
Photooxidation half- life air - High (hours): 20.1
Photooxidation half- life air - Low (hours): 2.01
The material is classified as an ecotoxin* because it is NOT readily biodegradable, the
log octanol/ water partition coefficient (log Kow) is greater than or equal to 3.5 and
for which the Fish LC50 (96 hours) is less than or equal to 10 mg/l.
Substances are considered to be readily biodegradable if the following levels of
degradation are achieved in 28 days:
路 In tests based on dissolved organic carbon: 70%
路 In tests based on oxygen depletion or carbon dioxide generation: 60% of the
theoretical maxima
路 These levels of biodegradation must be achieved within 10 days of the start of
biodegradation, which point is taken as the time when 10% of the substance has been
degraded.
* Classification of Substances as Ecotoxic (Dangerous to the Environment) Appendix
8, Table 1
Compiler's Guide for the Preparation of International Chemical Safety Cards: 1993
Commission of the European Communities.
log Kow: 4.16-4.67
log Koc: 3.97-6.12
Half-life (hr) air: 2.01-20.1
Half-life (hr) H2O surface water: 3-1656
Half-life (hr) H2O ground: 768-9600
Half-life (hr) soil: 60-49932
Henry's Pa m鲁 /mol: 2.38-22.896
Henry's atm m鲁 /mol: 3.93E-05
BCF: 70-325
log BCF: 2.51-4.57
Effects on algae and plankton: tox algae 5ppm
Section 13 - DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS
路 Consult manufacturer for recycling options and recycle where possible .
路 Consult State Land Waste Management Authority for disposal.
路 Incinerate residue at an approved site.
路 Recycle containers if possible, or dispose of in an authorised landfill.
Section 14 - TRANSPORTATION INFORMATION
Labels Required: FLAMMABLE LIQUID
HAZCHEM: 3WE
UNDG:
Dangerous Goods Class: 3 Subrisk: None
SOLVENT 30 (IKON 30)
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 28-Mar-2003 CHEMWATCH 4067-99
NC317TCP Version No:2.0
CD 2007/3 Page 25 of 26
Section 14 - TRANSPORTATION INFORMATION
UN Number: 3295 Packing Group: II
Shipping Name:HYDROCARBONS, LIQUID, N.O.S.
Air Transport IATA:
ICAO/IATA Class: 3 ICAO/IATA Subrisk: None
UN/ID Number: 3295 Packing Group: II
Special provisions: A3
Shipping Name: HYDROCARBONS, LIQUID N.O.S.
Maritime Transport IMDG:
IMDG Class: 3 IMDG Subrisk: None
UN Number: 3295 Packing Group: II
EMS Number: F- E, S- D Special provisions: 944
Marine Pollutant: Not Determined
Shipping Name: HYDROCARBONS, LIQUID, N.O.S.
Section 15 - REGULATORY INFORMATION
POISONS SCHEDULE: S5, NZS4
REGULATIONS
(C9-16)biphenyls (CAS: 68955-76-0) is found on the following regulatory lists;
Australia Inventory of Chemical Substances (AICS)
OECD Representative List of High Production Volume (HPV) Chemicals
Section 16 - OTHER INFORMATION
Denmark Advisory list for selfclassification of dangerous substances
Substance CAS Suggested codes
phenanthrene 85- 01- 8 Mut3; R40 N;
R50/53
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH GUIDELINES
Ingredient ORG UF Endpoi CR Adeq
nt TLV
toluene 9.6 mg/m3 10 D NA -
benzene 0.05 mg/m3 1000 D 1.4 -
These exposure guidelines have been derived from a screening level of risk assessment and
should not be construed as unequivocally safe limits. ORGS represent an 8-hour time
-weighted average unless specified otherwise.
CR = Cancer Risk/10000; UF = Uncertainty factor:
TLV believed to be adequate to protect reproductive health:
LOD: Limit of detection
Toxic endpoints have also been identified as:
D = Developmental; R = Reproductive; TC = Transplacental carcinogen
Jankovic J., Drake F.: A Screening Method for Occupational Reproductive
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal 57: 641-649 (1996).
Classification of the preparation and its individual components has drawn on official and
authoritative sources as well as independent review by the Chemwatch Classification
committee using available literature references.
This document is copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of private study, research, review or
criticism, as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part may be reproduced by any process without written permission
from CHEMWATCH. TEL (+61 3) 9572 4700.
SOLVENT 30 (IKON 30)
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW)
Issue Date: 28-Mar-2003 CHEMWATCH 4067-99
NC317TCP Version No:2.0
CD 2007/3 Page 26 of 26
Section 16 - OTHER INFORMATION
Issue Date: 28-Mar-2003
Print Date: 20-Dec-2007
|